一烁兰、C++ 標準庫的算法
1. 語言層面：
Container ?is ?Class template
Algorithm ?is ?function template
Iterator ?is ?class template
Functor is ?class template
Adapter is class template
Allocator is class template
Algorithm 需要充iterator 獲取相關容器的信息；
二恳蹲、iterator分類
1. struct ?input_iterator_tag{}
2. struct output_iterator_tag{}
3. struct forward_iterator_tag: public input_itertator_tag{}
4. struct bidirectional_iterator_tag:public forward_iterator_tag{}
5. struct random_access_iterator_tag:public bidirectional_iterator_tag{}
算法通過迭代器來訪問相關數據矿辽， 通過iterator_traits獲取iterator相關參數
三袱饭、算法
1. 形式如：?
template <typename Iterator>
std::Algorithm(Iterator itr1, Iterator itr2, ...)
{ ... }
常用算法：?
1. accumulate;
2. for_each
3. replace, replace_if , replace_copy
4. count , count_if
5. find, find_if
6. sort
7. reverse iterator, rbegin, rend
8. binary_search
9. functors: binary_function<T, T, T>, unary_function<T, T>
四裳仆、Adapters
1. 容器適配器
stack，queue對于deque
2. 函數適配器： 將函數裹纳， 仿函數（類operator()）做為參數傳入
binder2nd
not1?
bind （C++11）
3. 迭代器重載
reverse_iterator
inserter
ostream_iterator
istream iterator
