Good morning. It is a privilege to be here with you today. Commencement is a time of beginnings and endings: of looking to the future with hope while saying farewell with both joy and, perhaps, nostalgia. It is a jumble of emotions for all of us and a field day for a psychologist! Enjoy all those feelings: it's hard to imagine you’ll have an experience quite like this again.
早上好！很榮幸今天能和大家共聚一堂败富。每年的畢業(yè)典禮既是起點(diǎn)也是終點(diǎn)歹河，既可以滿懷希望地憧憬未來(lái)，也難免悲喜交加地依依惜別赖临。對(duì)我們所有人而言，這是一個(gè)百感交集的時(shí)刻灾锯；而對(duì)于像我這樣的心理學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)兢榨，這絕對(duì)是一個(gè)值得研究考察的日子。好好享受此刻的所有情感吧顺饮，這樣的體驗(yàn)一生中很難再有了吵聪。
So, there is a wonderful Yale tradition that I would like to honor right now:
耶魯有一個(gè)很好的傳統(tǒng)，下面兼雄，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我遵循這一傳統(tǒng)……
And so may I ask all of the families and friends were here today to rise and recognize the outstanding and graduating members of the Class of 2019?
請(qǐng)今天在座的所有畢業(yè)生家屬和朋友們起立吟逝，向2019屆杰出的畢業(yè)生們表示祝賀。
And now, may I ask the Class of 2019 to consider all those who have supported your arrival at this milestone, and to please rise and recognize them.
現(xiàn)在君旦，請(qǐng)2019屆的全體畢業(yè)生感念所有支持你們走到今天的人澎办，請(qǐng)起立向他們致敬嘲碱。
In September 1974, Kingman Brewster, Jr., then president of Yale, spoke to members of the Class of 1978, seated right where you are now. He told them, “Many of us have just been on a ten-year trip of moral outrage: anti-Wallace, anti-War, anti-Watergate. We have been so sure about what we were against that we have almost forgotten how difficult it is to know what we are for and how to achieve it.”
1974年9月金砍，時(shí)任耶魯大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)（芯质础）金曼·布魯斯特在開(kāi)學(xué)典禮上對(duì)1978屆學(xué)生發(fā)表演講，他們就坐在你們現(xiàn)在坐的位置上恕稠。校長(zhǎng)對(duì)他們說(shuō)：“我們?cè)S多人在道義上剛剛經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年的憤怒宣泄：反華萊士琅绅、反戰(zhàn)、反水門(mén)事件鹅巍。我們對(duì)所反對(duì)的事物深信不疑千扶，以至于幾乎忘記了我們?cè)谧非笫裁匆约叭绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)它÷媾酰”
Does this sound familiar? Today, perhaps more than ever, it is easy to know what you’re against and far more difficult to say what you’re for.
這聽(tīng)起來(lái)是否有點(diǎn)兒耳熟澎羞？今天，可能比以往任何時(shí)候都更容易知道你反對(duì)什么敛苇，也比任何時(shí)候都更難說(shuō)明你追求什么妆绞。
What we’re against is going to be different for each of us. Maybe you’re against border walls and I’m against guns; your neighbor is against trade wars and your cousin is against abortion. For some, capitalism is the problem, while others fear the specter of socialism. By this point, I bet all of you are against sitting in old buildings with no air conditioning, listening to a long speech! So, I’ll get to the point…
每個(gè)人反對(duì)的事物并不相同。也許你反對(duì)邊境筑墻枫攀，而我反對(duì)槍支括饶；你的鄰居可能反對(duì)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，而你的表親反對(duì)墮胎来涨。有些人認(rèn)為資本主義是問(wèn)題所在图焰，而另一些人擔(dān)心的則是社會(huì)主義。不過(guò)此刻蹦掐，我敢肯定技羔，你們所有人都反對(duì)坐在這個(gè)沒(méi)有空調(diào)的舊禮堂里聽(tīng)我的長(zhǎng)篇大論！所以卧抗，我打算開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山……
How many of you have seen a Marx Brothers movie? Although I’m not mistaken for Groucho Marx as often since I shaved my moustache, I still do have a weakness for his humor.
在座有多少人看過(guò)喜劇演員馬克斯兄弟的電影堕阔？自從我刮掉上唇的胡子后，就不再像以前那樣經(jīng)常被人誤認(rèn)作格勞喬·馬克斯了颗味，雖然如此超陆，我仍然對(duì)他的幽默風(fēng)趣情有獨(dú)鐘。
One of Groucho’s best performances is when he plays a college president. It is a funny role. So in the opening scene of the movie Horse Feathers, Groucho, the new president of Huxley College, is told that the trustees have “a few suggestions” for him. Then he breaks into this song:
格勞喬最精彩的表演之一是在電影《趾高氣揚(yáng)》中扮演一位大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)浦马。這個(gè)角色很有趣时呀。影片開(kāi)場(chǎng)，這位赫胥黎學(xué)院的新校長(zhǎng)被告知晶默，校董們對(duì)他有“一些建議”谨娜，于是他就唱起了這首歌：
“I don’t know what they have to say
It makes no difference anyway
Whatever it is, I’m against it
No matter what it is or who commenced it
I’m against it
Your proposition may be good
But let’s have one thing understood:
Whatever it is, I’m against it.”
我不知道他們要說(shuō)什么
但說(shuō)什么都無(wú)所謂
不管說(shuō)什么，我都將反對(duì)
我都將通通反對(duì)
你們的建議或許不錯(cuò)
但讓我們明確一點(diǎn)：
I encourage you to look up the scene on YouTube—but not right now, please—because it’s still a very funny piece. It’s funny because it’s ridiculous, but also because it contains a kernel of truth. And the truth applies not only to college presidents, but to all of us.
建議大家去優(yōu)兔找這段視頻看看——可不是現(xiàn)在就找啊磺陡，謝謝——因?yàn)樗裉烊匀蛔屓伺醺古可摇Ｋ暮眯δ螅粌H因?yàn)榛闹嚕€因?yàn)橛衅涞览硭谖氚小＿@個(gè)道理不僅針對(duì)大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)憔狞，也針對(duì)我們所有人。
How many times have we decided we’re against an idea before we’ve even heard it? How guilty are we of deciding “I’m against it” without even knowing what “it” is?
有多少次我們尚未聽(tīng)到一個(gè)想法就已經(jīng)決定反對(duì)它了彰阴？在還不清楚“某件事物”是什么就已經(jīng)下決心說(shuō)“我反對(duì)”——對(duì)此我們?cè)撚卸嗬⒕危?/p>
Many times we know what we’re against based on who is saying it. If an idea comes from a certain public figure, politician, or media outlet, we already know how we feel. Partly this is because our public discourse has become so predictable. We’ve lost the capacity for surprise, for revelation.
很多時(shí)候瘾敢，我們知道自己反對(duì)什么取決于它是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的。如果出自某個(gè)公眾人物尿这、政治家或某家媒體簇抵，那我們就已經(jīng)知道該怎么想了。一部分原因是我們的公共話語(yǔ)變得太容易預(yù)測(cè)射众。我們已經(jīng)喪失了被震撼和被啟迪的能力碟摆。
Speaking of predictable, here is the moment where an ambassador of an older generation—that will be me—tells millennials—most of you—about the evils of social media! But hear me out…
談到可預(yù)測(cè)性，這一刻叨橱，我想代表老一代跟大多屬于千禧一代的你們談?wù)勆缃幻襟w的“罪惡”典蜕。請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我把話說(shuō)完……
Obviously social media has transformed our lives and our relationships. And obviously it has many advantages, allowing us to share news and information quickly with people around the world. But it also heightens our sense of outrage and speeds up arguments, depriving us of the time and space for careful reflection.
顯然，社交媒體徹底改變了我們的生活和人際關(guān)系雏逾。誠(chéng)然嘉裤，它有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，讓我們可以跟世界各地的人快速分享新聞和信息栖博。但同時(shí)屑宠，它也剝奪了我們深思的時(shí)間與空間，導(dǎo)致我們憤怒加劇仇让，爭(zhēng)論也加速發(fā)生典奉。
Bombarded with notifications, pressured to respond before the media cycle turns over, we tap out our position—our opposition—in seconds. It is easy to be against something in fewer than 280 characters. It is far more difficult to articulate what you are for and to do it at warp speed.
社交媒體上的信息讓人應(yīng)接不暇，我們必須在某個(gè)熱點(diǎn)過(guò)氣前發(fā)表言論丧叽，于是我們幾秒鐘就打出了自己支持或反對(duì)的立場(chǎng)卫玖。用不超過(guò)280個(gè)單詞的表述反對(duì)一件事是容易的，要快速講出你追求什么以及打算怎么做則困難得多踊淳。
Make no mistake: There are plenty of reasons to be outraged. My generation, your generation—we face not only grave moral challenges but existential threats: rising ocean levels globally and rising inequality in America; violence around the world and in our own backyards; the fraying of the social fabric. “The falcon cannot hear the falconer,” and we wonder if the center can hold.
請(qǐng)不要誤會(huì)：憤怒的理由當(dāng)然有很多假瞬。無(wú)論是我們這一代，還是在座的你們這一代——我們不僅面臨嚴(yán)峻的道德挑戰(zhàn)迂尝，更有生存威脅脱茉，比如全球海平面上升、美國(guó)不平等加劇垄开、世界各地包括我們自己的后院暴力頻發(fā)琴许，以及社會(huì)組織渙散等。正如葉芝的詩(shī)句“獵鷹再聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)馴鷹人的呼聲”溉躲，我們想知道中心是否還能維系得住榜田。
I understand the impulse toward negativity. Like many of you, I sometimes feel overwhelmed by the challenges we face, by the injustices that call out for our condemnation. Yet it is precisely because our challenges are so great that outrage is not enough. Pointing out what is wrong is merely the beginning, not the end, of our work.
我理解奔向否定的沖動(dòng)益兄。和你們中的許多人一樣，我有時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和需要譴責(zé)的不平感到應(yīng)接不暇箭券。然而净捅，正因?yàn)槲覀兠媾R的挑戰(zhàn)如此艱巨，只有憤怒遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠邦鲫。指出問(wèn)題所在只是我們工作的開(kāi)始灸叼，而不是結(jié)束神汹。
The Czech author Ivan Klima wrote, “To destroy is easier than to create, and that is why so many people are ready to demonstrate against what they reject. But what would they say if one asked them what they wanted instead?”
捷克作家伊凡·克里瑪曾寫(xiě)道：“破壞比創(chuàng)造容易庆捺，所以才有那么多人公然表示自己反對(duì)某事∑ㄎ海可如果你問(wèn)他們想要什么滔以，他們又會(huì)怎樣作答呢？”
What would you say? What would I say? What are you for?
你們會(huì)怎么回答氓拼？我會(huì)怎么回答你画？你們追求的又是什么？
Klima’s life story is one of both criticism and creation. Born in Prague in 1931, he was sent to a Nazi concentration camp as a child. He survived and became an outspoken voice for democracy in Czechoslovakia.
克里瑪自己的一生既有批判也有創(chuàng)造桃漾。他1931年出生于布拉格坏匪，童年時(shí)被關(guān)進(jìn)納粹集中營(yíng)。他幸存下來(lái)撬统，后來(lái)成為捷克斯洛伐克一位敢于直言的民主倡導(dǎo)者适滓。
But in 1968, with the Soviet invasion and crackdown, Klima’s ideas became dangerous. He could have fled, but he chose to return home and continue his work in defiance of the Communist regime. He organized an underground meeting of writers who circulated manus in secret. Over the course of 18 years, those writers produced three hundred different works of art. They were critics, of course: critics of tyranny, critics of violence. But they were creators, too, of plays, novels, and poetry. They imagined, and helped create, a new and better world.
但是，1968年恋追，隨著蘇聯(lián)的入侵和鎮(zhèn)壓凭迹，克里瑪?shù)难哉摫划?dāng)局視為危險(xiǎn)思想。本可以逃離的他卻選擇返回家鄉(xiāng)繼續(xù)工作苦囱。他成立了地下作家組織嗅绸，秘密傳閱彼此的手稿。在18年的時(shí)間里撕彤，他們創(chuàng)作了300件不同的文藝作品鱼鸠。他們是批評(píng)者，沒(méi)錯(cuò)羹铅，他們痛批專制蚀狰、暴力，但他們也是戲劇睦裳、小說(shuō)和詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作者造锅。他們構(gòu)想并幫助創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的、更加美好的世界廉邑。
What will you imagine? A better business, a smarter school, a stronger community? Whatever you are against, it is time to create something you are for.
在座的你們會(huì)有怎樣的構(gòu)想呢哥蔚？一個(gè)更好的企業(yè)倒谷、一所更優(yōu)質(zhì)的學(xué)校，還是一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的社區(qū)糙箍？無(wú)論你們反對(duì)什么渤愁，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候創(chuàng)造你們所追求的事物了。
At Yale you have learned to do both: to imagine and create. You have studied and explored new ideas; made art and music; excelled in athletics; launched companies; and served your neighbors and the world. You have created a vibrant, diverse, and exciting community.
在耶魯深夯，你們既學(xué)會(huì)了想象抖格，也學(xué)會(huì)了創(chuàng)造。你們研思想咕晋，創(chuàng)文藝雹拄，競(jìng)體育，辦公司掌呜，近則服務(wù)鄰里滓玖，遠(yuǎn)則奉獻(xiàn)世界。你們創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)活潑质蕉、多元势篡、精彩的社團(tuán)。
Take these experiences with you and draw on them when you need encouragement. Remember a class that surprised you; a conversation that inspired you; a professor who believed in you. And take care to avoid what Toni Morrison calls “second-rate goals and second-hand ideas.
請(qǐng)把這些經(jīng)歷裝入行囊模暗，當(dāng)你們需要鼓勵(lì)的時(shí)候禁悠，可以從中汲取力量。記住曾讓你驚喜的一節(jié)課兑宇，啟發(fā)過(guò)你的一次談話碍侦，或是一位給予你信任的教授。要留心避免作家托妮·莫里森所說(shuō)的“二流目標(biāo)和二手思想”顾孽。
“Our past is bleak. Our future dim,” Morrison writes. “But if we see the world as one long brutal game, then we bump into another mystery, the mystery of beauty, of light, of the canary that sings on the skulls.”
“我們的過(guò)去黯然慘淡祝钢，我們的未來(lái)陰暗朦朧∪艉瘢”莫里森寫(xiě)道拦英，“但如果我們把這個(gè)世界看作一場(chǎng)漫長(zhǎng)而殘酷的游戲，那我們就會(huì)碰到另一個(gè)謎测秸，那是美的謎疤估、光的謎，是在骷髏上歌唱的金絲雀的謎霎冯×迥矗”
Being for something is a search for those mysteries, for that light: it is an act of radical optimism, a belief that a more perfect world is within reach and that we can help build it.
追求某件事便是尋找那些謎，尋找那束光：這是一種激進(jìn)的樂(lè)觀主義行為沈撞，是一種信念——堅(jiān)信一個(gè)更完美的世界觸手可及慷荔，堅(jiān)信我們能夠?yàn)樗慕ǔ勺龀鲐暙I(xiàn)。
What are you for?
You may well turn that question back to me. What are you for, Peter Salovey?
你們可能會(huì)反問(wèn)我：蘇必德校長(zhǎng)缠俺，你追求的是什么呢显晶？
I am for the transformative power of a liberal education—one that asks you to think broadly, question everything, and embrace the joy of learning.
我追求博雅教育的重塑力量——它要求我們高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚贷岸、質(zhì)疑一切，且擁抱學(xué)習(xí)的快樂(lè)磷雇。
I am for the American Dream in all its rich promise—the idea that opportunities are shared widely and that access to education is within reach for the many, not the few.
我追求真正意義上的“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”——機(jī)會(huì)廣泛共享偿警，接受教育是多數(shù)人的權(quán)利，而非少數(shù)人的特權(quán)唯笙。
I am for the robust and free exchange of ideas, as essential to the mission of a great university as it is to the health of our democracy.
我追求活躍且自由的思想交鋒螟蒸，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)一所偉大學(xué)府和我們民主政體的良好運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)都至關(guān)重要。
I am for a world where we welcome the immigrant, the poor, and the forgotten; we do not shut them out or silence them; a world where showing empathy and understanding is considered the true hallmark of success, of a life well-lived.
我追求這樣一個(gè)世界崩掘，那里歡迎移民七嫌、窮人和被遺忘的人，不會(huì)把他們拒之門(mén)外或封住他們的口呢堰；在那里抄瑟，同理心和理解的展現(xiàn)才是成功和美好生活的真正標(biāo)志凡泣。
That is what I am for.
Yale’s mission says, in part, that we are “committed to improving the world today and for future generations.” That commitment does not end at graduation.
耶魯?shù)氖姑@樣一句話：致力于改善世界枉疼，為今天也為后人。這個(gè)承諾不會(huì)在畢業(yè)時(shí)終止鞋拟。
Soon you will leave Yale and, as Robert Penn Warren, who studied and taught at Yale, wrote, “Go into the convulsion of the world, out of history and into history.”
你們即將離開(kāi)耶魯骂维，正如曾在耶魯學(xué)習(xí)和授課的文學(xué)家羅伯特·佩恩·沃倫所說(shuō)：“進(jìn)入那個(gè)動(dòng)亂的世界，走出歷史贺纲，也走進(jìn)歷史航闺。”
Indeed, you will go into history and make history.
的確猴誊，你們即將走進(jìn)歷史潦刃，并創(chuàng)造歷史。
Looking around me today, I think of the generations of Yale graduates who have come before you. Individuals who have been for something.
今天懈叹，我環(huán)顧四周乖杠，想起了諸位之前的那一代代耶魯畢業(yè)生。那些有所追求的人澄成。
There are many names we know and others that would be less familiar—presidents and world leaders, artists and business executives, scholars and scientists.
許多名字我們都很熟悉胧洒，有總統(tǒng)和世界領(lǐng)袖，有藝術(shù)家和企業(yè)高管墨状，有學(xué)者和科學(xué)家卫漫，還有很多我們不那么熟知的名字。
Like them, I know you will heed the call to leadership and service and leave your mark on every realm of human endeavor.
我相信你們也將像他們一樣肾砂，聽(tīng)從召喚成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和服務(wù)者列赎，在人類開(kāi)拓的每一處疆域留下你們的印跡。
That is Yale’s mission—that is what Yale is for.
As members of the Yale community, what do we believe?
作為耶魯?shù)囊粏T镐确，我們相信什么呢包吝？
We believe that facts and expertise, applied with creativity and wisdom, can transform the world.
我們相信肛根，事實(shí)和專業(yè)再加上創(chuàng)造力和智慧，可以改變世界漏策。
We believe that education and research save lives and make life more meaningful.
我們相信派哲，教育和研究可以拯救生命，讓生活更有意義掺喻。
We believe that diversity of thought and diversity in deed are essential to human progress.
我們相信芭届，思想和行為的多樣性對(duì)人類的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要。
We believe, most of all, in the boundless potential of human ingenuity; that together, we can solve great challenges and bring light and truth to a world in great need of it.
最重要的是感耙，我們相信人類無(wú)限的創(chuàng)造潛力褂乍；我們相信，只要齊心協(xié)力即硼，我們就能戰(zhàn)勝巨大的挑戰(zhàn)逃片，把光明和真理帶到亟需它們的那個(gè)世界。
On Monday during, tomorrow, during your commencement ceremonies, I will confer on you all the “rights and responsibilities” of a Yale degree. Yours is a great responsibility. You will have to know what you are for. What are you for?
在星期一也就是明天的學(xué)位授予典禮上只酥，我會(huì)授予諸位耶魯學(xué)位所承載的“權(quán)利和責(zé)任”褥实。諸位任重道遠(yuǎn)，因此必須清楚你們所追求的是什么裂允。
“Surely in the light of history,” Eleanor Roosevelt said, “it is more intelligent to hope rather than to fear, to try rather than not to try.”
埃莉諾·羅斯福（羅斯杆鹄耄總統(tǒng)夫人）曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“從歷史的角度看，明智者總是懷抱希望而非心存恐懼绝编，勇于嘗試而非望而卻步僻澎。”
Yale has prepared you, as a scholar and a human being, to try; to face challenges with courage and determination. And I trust you are leaving Yale with a sense of your own responsibilities to one another, to the planet, and to our shared future.
耶魯已經(jīng)為你們成為學(xué)者和這樣的人做好準(zhǔn)備十饥；拿出勇氣和決心去面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)吧窟勃。我相信，在座諸位離開(kāi)耶魯時(shí)逗堵，一定懷著一份對(duì)彼此秉氧、對(duì)世界、對(duì)人類共同未來(lái)的責(zé)任感砸捏。
By serving others and our communities with the many gifts you have been given, you will live a life that is for something, a life of meaning and purpose.
運(yùn)用你們諸多的天賦才能去服務(wù)他人和社會(huì)谬运，你們的人生必將有所為、有意義垦藏、有目標(biāo)梆暖。
There is no time to waste; there are no words to waste: As a young Bob Dylan sang in 1965, “He not busy being born is busy dying.” We must give life to new ideas, imagine new ways of being in the world, new answers to the problems that vex us and our neighbors.
沒(méi)有時(shí)間可以浪費(fèi)；也沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言可以浪費(fèi)：正如1965年青春年少的鮑勃?迪倫所唱的那樣：“不忙于生掂骏，必忙于死轰驳。”我們必須給予生命以新思想，想象在這個(gè)世界上生存的新方式级解，尋找惱人問(wèn)題的新答案冒黑。
Now is the time.
Members of the Class of 2019 (please rise):
2019屆的畢業(yè)生們（請(qǐng)起立）：
We are delighted to salute your accomplishments, and we are proud of your achievements. Remember to give thanks for all that has brought you to this day. And go forth from this place with grateful hearts, paying back the gifts you have received here by using your minds, your voices, and your hands to imagine and create the new worlds you wish to see.
我們心懷喜悅向你們所取得的成就致敬，也為你們感到自豪勤哗。請(qǐng)記得感謝所有幫助你們走到今天的人抡爹。請(qǐng)帶著感恩的心離開(kāi)這里，用你們的思想芒划、聲音和雙手去想象冬竟、去創(chuàng)造你們希望看到的新世界，以此來(lái)回報(bào)你們?cè)谶@里所得到的饋贈(zèng)民逼。
What are you for?
你們的追求是什么泵殴？
Congratulations, Class of 2019!
祝賀你們，2019屆的畢業(yè)生們拼苍！
