A bit sadistic, aren't we??Jeez.
Leave them marinating for a little longer.
What's, again, amazing are these temperatures?
They're similar to things I've seen on volcanoes all over the world, and even super volcanoes, like Yellowstone.
But, here's the thing.
The data is showing that the boiling river exists independent of volcanism.
It's neither magmatic or volcanic in origin.
And, again, it's over 700 kilometers away from the nearest volcanic center.
How can a boiling river exist like this?
I've asked geothermal experts and volcanologists for years, and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanic geothermal system of this magnitude.
It's unique. It's special on a global scale.
So, still how does it work?
Where do we get this heat?
There's still more research to be done, to better constrain the problem and better understand the system.
But from what the data is telling us now, it looks to be the result of a large hydrothermal system.
Basically, it works like this, so, the deeper you go into the earth, the hotter it gets.
We refer to this as the geothermal gradient.
The waters could be coming from as far away as the glaciers in the Andes, then seeping down, deep into the earth, and coming out.
to form the boiling river, after getting heated up from that geothermal gradient.?
all due to this unique geologic setting.
now, we found that in and around the river, this is working with colleagues from National Geographic, Dr. Spencer Wells and Dr. Jon Eisen from UC Davis.加利福尼亞大學戴維斯分校（University of California慕的，Davis）
--We genetically sequenced the extremophile lifeforms living in and around the river, and have found new lifeforms, unique species living in the boiling river.
An extremophile lives in extreme environments.
I'v asked geothermal experts and volcanologists for years, and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanic geothermal system of this magnitude. It's unique. It's special on a global scale.
But, again, despite all of these studies, all of these discoveries and the legends, a question remains.
What is the significance of the boiling river?
What is the significance of this stationary cloud, that always hovers over this patch of jungle.
And what is the significance of a detail in a childhood legend.
To the shaman and his community, it's a sacred site.
To me, as a geoscientist, it's a unique geothermal phenomenon.
But to the illegal loggers and cattle farmers, it's just another resource to exploit.
And to the?Peruvian government, it's just another stretch of unprotected land, ready for development.
My goal is to ensure that whoever controls this land, understands the boiling river's uniqueness and significance.
Because that's the question, one of the significance.
And the thing there is, we define significance.
It's us. We have that power.
We're the ones who draw that line between the sacred and the trivial.
And in this age, where everything seems mapped, measured, and studied, in this age of information.
I remind you all, that discoveries are not just made in the black void of the unknown, but in the white noise of?overwhelming data.
There remains so much to explore.
We live in an incredible world.
So, go out. Be curious.
Because we do live in a world, where shamans still sing to the spirits of the jungle, where rivers do boil and where legends do come to life.
Thank you very much.
(Applause)
What is Ruzo's concern about the discovery of the boiling river? People will develop the land and destroy the river.
What does Ruzo suggest by "everything seems mapped, mesured and studied"? Even in the information age, there is still so much to be explored and leaned.
The significance of the boiling river in? the Amazon varies from person to person .
The data is showing that the boiling river exists independent of volcanism.
Whoever controls this land should understand the boiling river's uniqueness and significance.
Even in the information age, there is still so much to be explored and learned.
I've asked geothermal experts and volcanologists for years and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanice geothermal system of this magnitude.
In this age of information, I remind you all that discoveries are not just made in the black void of the unknown, but in the white noise of the overwhelming data.
