在MD系列的前幾篇文章中漆诽,通過(guò)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和實(shí)戰(zhàn)案例配合講解的形式介紹了CoordinatorLayout
與AppBarLayout
盐股、Toolbar
侄非、CollapsingToolbarLayout
的使用睡扬,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了幾種MD風(fēng)格下比較炫酷的交互效果谬哀。學(xué)會(huì)怎么用之后,我們?cè)傧胂胝雷澹瑸槭裁此鼈冎g能夠產(chǎn)生這樣的交互行為呢姨涡?其實(shí)就是因?yàn)?code>CoordinatorLayout.Behavior的存在,這也是本文所要講述的內(nèi)容项秉。至此绣溜,Android Material Design系列的學(xué)習(xí)已進(jìn)行到第八篇,大家可以點(diǎn)擊以下鏈接查看之前的文章:
- Android TabLayout 分分鐘打造一個(gè)滑動(dòng)標(biāo)簽頁(yè)
- Android 一文告訴你到底是用Dialog娄蔼,Snackbar怖喻,還是Toast
- Android FloatingActionButton 重要的操作不要太多,一個(gè)就好
- Android 初識(shí)AppBarLayout 和 CoordinatorLayout
- Android CoordinatorLayout實(shí)戰(zhàn)案例學(xué)習(xí)《一》
- Android CoordinatorLayout 實(shí)戰(zhàn)案例學(xué)習(xí)《二》
- Android 詳細(xì)分析AppBarLayout的五種ScrollFlags
關(guān)于Behavior
官網(wǎng)對(duì)于CoordinatorLayout.Behavior
的介紹已經(jīng)將它的作用說(shuō)明得很清楚了岁诉,就是用來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)CoordinatorLayout
的Child Views之間的交互行為:
Interaction behavior plugin for child views of CoordinatorLayout.
A Behavior implements one or more interactions that a user can take on a child view. These interactions may include drags, swipes, flings, or any other gestures.
之前學(xué)習(xí)CoordinatorLayout
的使用案例時(shí)锚沸,用的都是系統(tǒng)的特定控件,比如design包中的FloatingActionButton
涕癣、AppBarLayout
等哗蜈,而不是普通的控件,如ImageButton
之類(lèi)的坠韩,就是因?yàn)閐esign包中的這些特定控件已經(jīng)被系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)定義了繼承自CoordinatorLayout.Behavior
的各種Behavior
距潘,比如FloatingActionButton.Behavior
和
AppBarLayout.Behavior
。而像系統(tǒng)的ToolBar
控件就沒(méi)有自己的Behavior
只搁,所以只能將其擱置到AppBarLayout
容器里才能產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的交互效果音比。
看到這里就能清楚一點(diǎn)了,如果我們想實(shí)現(xiàn)控件之間任意的交互效果氢惋,完全可以通過(guò)自定義Behavior
的方式達(dá)到洞翩。看到這里大家可能會(huì)有一個(gè)疑惑焰望,就是CoordinatorLayout
如何獲取Child Views的Behavior
的呢骚亿,為什么在布局中,有些滑動(dòng)型控件定義了app:layout_behavior
屬性而系統(tǒng)類(lèi)似FloatingActionButton
的控件則不需要明確定義該屬性呢熊赖?看完CoordinatorLayout.Behavior
的構(gòu)造函數(shù)就明白了来屠。
/**
* Default constructor for instantiating Behaviors.
*/
public Behavior() {
}
/**
* Default constructor for inflating Behaviors from layout. The Behavior will have
* the opportunity to parse specially defined layout parameters. These parameters will
* appear on the child view tag.
*
* @param context
* @param attrs
*/
public Behavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
}
CoordinatorLayout.Behavior
有兩個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù),注意看第二個(gè)帶參數(shù)的構(gòu)造函數(shù)的注釋?zhuān)锩嫣岬秸痧模谶@個(gè)構(gòu)造函數(shù)中的妖,Behavior
會(huì)解析控件的特殊布局屬性,也就是通過(guò)parseBehavior
方法獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的Behavior
足陨,從而協(xié)調(diào)Child Views之間的交互行為,可以在CoordinatorLayout
類(lèi)中查看娇未,具體源碼如下:
static Behavior parseBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, String name) {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
return null;
}
final String fullName;
if (name.startsWith(".")) {
// Relative to the app package. Prepend the app package name.
fullName = context.getPackageName() + name;
} else if (name.indexOf('.') >= 0) {
// Fully qualified package name.
fullName = name;
} else {
// Assume stock behavior in this package (if we have one)
fullName = !TextUtils.isEmpty(WIDGET_PACKAGE_NAME)
? (WIDGET_PACKAGE_NAME + '.' + name)
: name;
}
try {
Map<String, Constructor<Behavior>> constructors = sConstructors.get();
if (constructors == null) {
constructors = new HashMap<>();
sConstructors.set(constructors);
}
Constructor<Behavior> c = constructors.get(fullName);
if (c == null) {
final Class<Behavior> clazz = (Class<Behavior>) Class.forName(fullName, true,
context.getClassLoader());
c = clazz.getConstructor(CONSTRUCTOR_PARAMS);
c.setAccessible(true);
constructors.put(fullName, c);
}
return c.newInstance(context, attrs);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not inflate Behavior subclass " + fullName, e);
}
}
parseBehavior
方法告訴我們墨缘,給Child Views設(shè)置Behavior
有兩種方式:
app:layout_behavior
布局屬性
在布局中設(shè)置,值為自定義Behavior
類(lèi)的名字字符串(包含路徑),類(lèi)似在AndroidManifest.xml
中定義四大組件的名字一樣镊讼,有兩種寫(xiě)法宽涌,包含包名的全路徑和以"."開(kāi)頭的省略項(xiàng)目包名的路徑。@CoordinatorLayout.DefaultBehavior
類(lèi)注解
在需要使用Behavior
的控件源碼定義中添加該注解蝶棋,然后通過(guò)反射機(jī)制獲取卸亮。這個(gè)方式就解決了我們前面產(chǎn)生的疑惑,系統(tǒng)的AppBarLayout
玩裙、FloatingActionButton
都采用了這種方式兼贸,所以無(wú)需在布局中重復(fù)設(shè)置。
看到這里吃溅,也告訴我們一點(diǎn)溶诞,在自定義Behavior
時(shí),一定要重寫(xiě)第二個(gè)帶參數(shù)的構(gòu)造函數(shù)决侈,否則這個(gè)Behavior
是不會(huì)起作用的螺垢。
根據(jù)CoordinatorLayout.Behavior
提供的方法,這里將自定義Behavior
分為兩類(lèi)來(lái)講解赖歌,一種是dependent
機(jī)制枉圃,一種是nested
機(jī)制,對(duì)應(yīng)著不同的使用場(chǎng)景庐冯。
dependent
機(jī)制
這種機(jī)制描述的是兩個(gè)Child Views之間的綁定依賴(lài)關(guān)系孽亲,設(shè)置Behavior
屬性的Child View跟隨依賴(lài)對(duì)象Dependency View的大小位置改變而發(fā)生變化,對(duì)應(yīng)需要實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法常見(jiàn)有兩個(gè):
/**
* Determine whether the supplied child view has another specific sibling view as a
* layout dependency.
*
* <p>This method will be called at least once in response to a layout request. If it
* returns true for a given child and dependency view pair, the parent CoordinatorLayout
* will:</p>
* <ol>
* <li>Always lay out this child after the dependent child is laid out, regardless
* of child order.</li>
* <li>Call {@link #onDependentViewChanged} when the dependency view's layout or
* position changes.</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param parent the parent view of the given child
* @param child the child view to test
* @param dependency the proposed dependency of child
* @return true if child's layout depends on the proposed dependency's layout,
* false otherwise
*
* @see #onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, android.view.View)
*/
public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, V child, View dependency) {
return false;
}
和
/**
* Respond to a change in a child's dependent view
*
* <p>This method is called whenever a dependent view changes in size or position outside
* of the standard layout flow. A Behavior may use this method to appropriately update
* the child view in response.</p>
*
* <p>A view's dependency is determined by
* {@link #layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, android.view.View)} or
* if {@code child} has set another view as it's anchor.</p>
*
* <p>Note that if a Behavior changes the layout of a child via this method, it should
* also be able to reconstruct the correct position in
* {@link #onLayoutChild(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, int) onLayoutChild}.
* <code>onDependentViewChanged</code> will not be called during normal layout since
* the layout of each child view will always happen in dependency order.</p>
*
* <p>If the Behavior changes the child view's size or position, it should return true.
* The default implementation returns false.</p>
*
* @param parent the parent view of the given child
* @param child the child view to manipulate
* @param dependency the dependent view that changed
* @return true if the Behavior changed the child view's size or position, false otherwise
*/
public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, V child, View dependency) {
return false;
}
具體含義在注釋中已經(jīng)很清楚了肄扎,layoutDependsOn()
方法用于決定是否產(chǎn)生依賴(lài)行為墨林,onDependentViewChanged()
方法在依賴(lài)的控件發(fā)生大小或者位置變化時(shí)產(chǎn)生回調(diào)。dependent
機(jī)制最常見(jiàn)的案例就是FloatingActionButton
和SnackBar
的交互行為犯祠,效果如下:
系統(tǒng)的FloatingActionButton
已經(jīng)默認(rèn)定義了一個(gè)Behavior
來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)交互旭等,如果不用系統(tǒng)的FAB控件,比如改用GitHub上的一個(gè)庫(kù)futuresimple/android-floating-action-button
衡载,再通過(guò)自定義一個(gè)Behavior
搔耕,也能很簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)現(xiàn)與SnackBar
的協(xié)調(diào)效果:
package com.yifeng.mdstudysamples;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Created by yifeng on 16/9/20.
*
*/
public class DependentFABBehavior extends CoordinatorLayout.Behavior {
public DependentFABBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
/**
* 判斷依賴(lài)對(duì)象
* @param parent
* @param child
* @param dependency
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
return dependency instanceof Snackbar.SnackbarLayout;
}
/**
* 當(dāng)依賴(lài)對(duì)象發(fā)生變化時(shí),產(chǎn)生回調(diào),自定義改變child view
* @param parent
* @param child
* @param dependency
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
float translationY = Math.min(0, dependency.getTranslationY() - dependency.getHeight());
child.setTranslationY(translationY);
return true;
}
}
很簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)自定義Behavior
處理,然后再為對(duì)應(yīng)的Child View設(shè)置該屬性即可痰娱。由于這里我們用的是第三方庫(kù)弃榨,采用遠(yuǎn)程依賴(lài)的形式引入的,無(wú)法修改源碼鲸睛,所以不方便使用注解的方式為其設(shè)置Behavior
,所以在布局中為其設(shè)置坡贺,并且使用了省略包名的方式:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="@+id/appbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">
<include
layout="@layout/include_toolbar"/>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<com.getbase.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
xmlns:fab="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/fab_add"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="@dimen/dp_16"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|right"
android:onClick="onClickFab"
fab:fab_icon="@mipmap/ic_toolbar_add"
fab:fab_colorNormal="?attr/colorPrimary"
fab:fab_colorPressed="?attr/colorPrimaryDark"
app:layout_behavior=".DependentFABBehavior"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
這樣官辈,采用dependent
機(jī)制自定義Behavior
箱舞,與使用系統(tǒng)FAB按鈕一樣,即可與SnackBar
控件產(chǎn)生如上圖所示的協(xié)調(diào)交互效果拳亿。
比如我們?cè)倏匆幌逻@樣一個(gè)效果:
列表上下滑動(dòng)式晴股,底部評(píng)論區(qū)域隨著頂部Toolbar
的移動(dòng)而移動(dòng),這里我們就可以自定義一個(gè)Dependent
機(jī)制的Behavior
肺魁,設(shè)置給底部視圖电湘,讓其依賴(lài)于包裹Toolbar
的AppBarLayout
控件:
package com.yifeng.mdstudysamples;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout;
import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Created by yifeng on 16/9/23.
*
*/
public class CustomExpandBehavior extends CoordinatorLayout.Behavior {
public CustomExpandBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
@Override
public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
return dependency instanceof AppBarLayout;
}
@Override
public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
int delta = dependency.getTop();
child.setTranslationY(-delta);
return true;
}
}
布局內(nèi)容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="@+id/appbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_56"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">
<include
layout="@layout/include_toolbar"/>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/rv_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_56"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
app:layout_behavior=".CustomExpandBehavior"
android:padding="8dp"
android:background="@color/blue">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_send"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="Send"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:background="@color/white"/>
<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/btn_send"
android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
android:padding="4dp"
android:hint="Please input the comment"
android:background="@color/white"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
注意,這里將自定義的Behavior
設(shè)置給了底部?jī)?nèi)容的外層容器RelativeLayout
鹅经,即可實(shí)現(xiàn)上述效果寂呛。
Nested
機(jī)制
Nested
機(jī)制要求CoordinatorLayout
包含了一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了NestedScrollingChild
接口的滾動(dòng)視圖控件,比如v7包中的RecyclerView
瞬雹,設(shè)置Behavior
屬性的Child View會(huì)隨著這個(gè)控件的滾動(dòng)而發(fā)生變化昧谊,涉及到的方法有:
onStartNestedScroll(View child, View target, int nestedScrollAxes)
onNestedPreScroll(View target, int dx, int dy, int[] consumed)
onNestedPreFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY)
onNestedScroll(View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed)
onNestedFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed)
onStopNestedScroll(View target)
其中,onStartNestedScroll
方法返回一個(gè)boolean類(lèi)型的值酗捌,只有返回true時(shí)才能讓自定義的Behavior
接受滑動(dòng)事件呢诬。同樣的,舉例說(shuō)明一下胖缤。
通過(guò)查看系統(tǒng)FAB控件的源碼可以知道尚镰,系統(tǒng)FAB定義的Behavior
能夠處理兩個(gè)交互,一個(gè)是與SnackBar
的位置交互哪廓,效果如上面的圖示一樣狗唉,另一個(gè)就是與AppBarLayout
的展示交互,都是使用的Dependent
機(jī)制涡真,效果在之前的文章 -- Android CoordinatorLayout 實(shí)戰(zhàn)案例學(xué)習(xí)《二》 中可以查看分俯,也就是AppBarLayout
滾動(dòng)到一定程度時(shí),F(xiàn)AB控件的動(dòng)畫(huà)隱藏與展示哆料。下面我們使用Nested
機(jī)制自定義一個(gè)Behavior
缸剪,實(shí)現(xiàn)如下與列表協(xié)調(diào)交互的效果:
為了能夠使用系統(tǒng)FAB控件提供的隱藏與顯示的動(dòng)畫(huà)效果,這里直接繼承了系統(tǒng)FAB控件的Behavior
:
package com.yifeng.mdstudysamples;
import android.content.Context;
import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewCompat;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Created by yifeng on 16/8/23.
*
*/
public class NestedFABBehavior extends FloatingActionButton.Behavior {
public NestedFABBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super();
}
@Override
public boolean onStartNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, FloatingActionButton child, View directTargetChild, View target, int nestedScrollAxes) {
return nestedScrollAxes == ViewCompat.SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL ||
super.onStartNestedScroll(coordinatorLayout, child, directTargetChild, target,
nestedScrollAxes);
}
@Override
public void onNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, FloatingActionButton child, View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed) {
super.onNestedScroll(coordinatorLayout, child, target, dxConsumed, dyConsumed, dxUnconsumed, dyUnconsumed);
if (dyConsumed > 0 && child.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE) {
//系統(tǒng)FAB控件提供的隱藏動(dòng)畫(huà)
child.hide();
} else if (dyConsumed < 0 && child.getVisibility() != View.VISIBLE) {
//系統(tǒng)FAB控件提供的顯示動(dòng)畫(huà)
child.show();
}
}
}
然后在布局中添加RecyclerView
东亦,并為系統(tǒng)FAB控件設(shè)置自定義的Behavior
杏节,內(nèi)容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="@+id/appbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">
<include
layout="@layout/include_toolbar"/>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/rv_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab_add"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="@dimen/dp_16"
android:src="@mipmap/ic_toolbar_add"
app:layout_anchor="@id/rv_content"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|right"
app:backgroundTint="@color/fab_ripple"
app:layout_behavior="com.yifeng.mdstudysamples.NestedFABBehavior"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
這樣,即可實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)FAB控件與列表滑動(dòng)控件的交互效果典阵。
@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior
這是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)字符串奋渔,值為:
android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout$ScrollingViewBehavior
在CoordinatorLayout
容器中,通常用在AppBarLayout
視圖下面(不是里面)的內(nèi)容控件中壮啊,比如上面的RecyclerView
嫉鲸,如果我們不給它添加這個(gè)Behavior
,Toolbar
將覆蓋在列表上面歹啼,出現(xiàn)重疊部分充坑,如圖
添加之后减江,RecyclerView
將位于Toolbar
下面,類(lèi)似在RelativeLayout
中設(shè)置了below
屬性捻爷,如圖:
示例源碼
我在GitHub上建立了一個(gè)Repository,用來(lái)存放整個(gè)Android Material Design系列控件的學(xué)習(xí)案例份企,會(huì)伴隨著文章逐漸更新完善也榄,歡迎大家補(bǔ)充交流,Star地址: