文章說明
本篇文章介紹如何使用Struts1進行增刪改查浴鸿，僅是對自己學習的記錄，并沒有深入分析每個模塊（不重復造輪子O(∩_∩)O~）悼尾。
Tomcat
開源的Web應用服務器扶关，apache-tomcat-8.0.35-windows-x64.zip僅有10.3M。啟動服務：bin-startup.bat备埃。
1.png-28.7kB
數(shù)據(jù)庫
MySQL
建立數(shù)據(jù)庫test，并在其中建立表users褐奴。
CREATE DATABASE test
USE test
CREATE TABLE users (
id int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(10) NOT NULL,
sex varchar(2) NOT NULL,
phone varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
address varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=42 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
查看表users
DESC users
2.png-17.1kB
數(shù)據(jù)庫管理工具-Navicat
3.png-37.5kB
JDBC
1.png-28.5kB
Struts 1
采用Java Servlet/JSP瓜喇，實現(xiàn)了基于Java Web應用的MVC框架，是MVC的經(jīng)典產(chǎn)品歉糜。
MVC
5.png-24.9kB
- 模型（Model）：DB
- 視圖（View）：JSP
- 控制器（Controller）：ActionServlet
Struts框架
7.png-25.9kB
struts-config.xml：聲明和映射Struts組件乘寒。
安裝 Struts 1
將lib目錄下，所有的jar包復制到工程目錄WEB-INF的lib目錄中匪补。
4.png-76.9kB
配置 Struts 1
在web.xml DD配置文件中伞辛，加入
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
增
add.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript">
function validate(form) {
if (validatePhone(form)) {
form.submit();
}
}
function validatePhone(form) {
var regex = /^\d{7,11}$/;
if (!regex.test(form["phone"].value)) {
alert("輸入的phone非法！");
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
<title>增加用戶界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="add.do?action=submit" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>name:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="name"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sex:</td>
<td><select name="sex">
<option value="1">男</option>
<option value="2">女</option>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>phone:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="phone"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>address:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="address"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="add"
onclick="validate(this.form);"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
8.png-2kB
AddAction.java
package action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import model.DBHelperL;
public class AddAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String sex = request.getParameter("sex");
String phone = request.getParameter("phone");
String address = request.getParameter("address");
String action = request.getParameter("action");
if ("submit".equals(action)) {
if (name == null || name.length() <= 0) {
} else {
// 數(shù)據(jù)庫增加操作
DBHelperL db = new DBHelperL();
db.add(name, sex, phone, address);
db.close();
// 重定向夯缺，防止刷新時重復提交表單蚤氏！
response.sendRedirect("show.do");
}
}
return mapping.getInputForward();
}
}
DB add
public void add(String name, String sex, String phone, String address) throws SQLException {
String sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, sex, phone, address) VALUES(?,?,?,?)";
if (pstm == null) {
pstm = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
}
pstm.setString(1, name);
pstm.setString(2, sex);
pstm.setString(3, phone);
pstm.setString(4, address);
pstm.execute();
}
struts-config.xml DD配置
在<action-mappings>中，添加action踊兜。
<action path="/add" type="action.AddAction" input="/pages/add.jsp">
<forward name="success" path="/show.do"></forward>
</action>
查
show.jsp
<body>
<%
DBHelperL db = new DBHelperL();
List<List<String>> lists = db.queryAll();
db.close();
request.setAttribute("lists", lists);
%>
<form action="show.do" method="post">
<table align="center">
<caption>users表的所有數(shù)據(jù)</caption>
<tr>
<th>count</th>
<th>id</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>sex</th>
<th>phone</th>
<th>address</th>
<th>delete</th>
<th>update</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach var="list" items="${lists}" varStatus="status">
<tr>
<td>${status.count}</td>
<td>${list.get(0)}</td>
<td>${list.get(1)}</td>
<td>${list.get(2)}</td>
<td>${list.get(3)}</td>
<td>${list.get(4)}</td>
<td><a href="show.do?deleteID=${list.get(0)}">刪除</a></td>
<td><a href="update.do?updateID=${list.get(0)}">修改</a></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</form>
<br>
<a href="add.do">增加用戶</a>
</body>
9.png-4.3kB
DB queryByID
public List<String> queryByID(String ID) throws SQLException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?";
pstm = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstm.setString(1, ID);
ResultSet rs = pstm.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
// 將結(jié)果順序存放到一個list中竿滨，作為結(jié)果返回
list.add(rs.getString(2));
list.add(rs.getString(3));
list.add(rs.getString(4));
list.add(rs.getString(5));
}
return list;
}
struts-config.xml DD配置
<action path="/show" type="action.DeleteAction" input="/pages/show.jsp"
forward="/pages/show.jsp"></action>
刪
DeleteAction.java
package action;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import model.DBHelperL;
public class DeleteAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String ID = request.getParameter("deleteID");
DBHelperL db = new DBHelperL();
db.deleteByID(ID);
db.close();
return mapping.getInputForward();
}
}
DB deleteByID
public boolean deleteByID(String ID) throws SQLException {
String sql = "DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?";
pstm = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstm.setString(1, ID);
return pstm.execute();
}
改
name和sex不能修改，根據(jù)ID更新數(shù)據(jù)。
update.jsp
<form
action="update.do?action=submit&updateID=<%=request.getAttribute("updateID")%>"
method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>name:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="name"
value=<%=request.getAttribute("name")%> readonly="readonly"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sex:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="sex"
value=<%=request.getAttribute("sex")%> readonly="readonly"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>phone:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="phone_new"
value=<%=request.getAttribute("phone_old")%>></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>address:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="address_new"
value=<%=request.getAttribute("address_old")%>></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="update"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
UpdateAction.java
package action;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import model.DBHelperL;
public class UpdateAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
String ID = request.getParameter("updateID");
String action = request.getParameter("action");
DBHelperL db = new DBHelperL();
List<String> list = db.queryByID(ID);
if (!list.isEmpty()) {
request.setAttribute("updateID", ID);
request.setAttribute("name", list.get(0));
request.setAttribute("sex", list.get(1));
request.setAttribute("phone_old", list.get(2));
request.setAttribute("address_old", list.get(3));
}
if ("submit".equals(action)) {
if (ID != null && ID.length() > 0) {
String phone_new = request.getParameter("phone_new");
String address_new = request.getParameter("address_new");
db.updateByID(ID, phone_new, address_new);
db.close();
response.sendRedirect("show.do");
}
}
db.close();
return mapping.getInputForward();
}
}
struts-config.xml
<action path="/update" type="action.UpdateAction" input="/pages/update.jsp">
<forward name="success" path="/show.do"></forward>
</action>
10.png-2.8kB
中文亂碼
Filter
package filters;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
String encoding = null;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
if (encoding == null || encoding.length() <= 0) {
encoding = "UTF-8";
}
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
web.xml DD中配置
<filter>
<filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
其它問題
防止刷新-重復提交表單
response.sendRedirect("show.do");
表單驗證-JavaScript
用button替代submit于游，在JavaScript中滿足條件時毁葱，調(diào)用form.submit()。
<input type="button" value="add" onclick="validate(this.form);">
JavaScript代碼：
<script type="text/javascript">
function validate(form) {
if (validatePhone(form)) {
form.submit();
}
}
function validatePhone(form) {
var regex = /^\d{7,11}$/;
if (!regex.test(form["phone"].value)) {
alert("輸入的phone非法贰剥！");
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
首頁跳轉(zhuǎn)到.do
在默認的jsp文件中倾剿，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到指定的URL。
<jsp:forward page="show.do"></jsp:forward>
