一、Vagrant是什么跑杭？
vagrant是一個(gè)操作虛擬機(jī)的工具.是一個(gè)基于Ruby的工具辙芍，用于創(chuàng)建和部署虛擬化開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境啡彬。 通過(guò)命令和配置文件來(lái)管理虛擬機(jī),很快就能完成一套開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境的部署,并可以打包傳播,統(tǒng)一了開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境,也解決了重復(fù)配置環(huán)境的麻煩.
二羹与、Vargant的好處
Vagrant會(huì)創(chuàng)建共享文件夾，用來(lái)在主機(jī)和虛擬機(jī)之間進(jìn)行資源共享庶灿；
Vagrant通過(guò)添加box鏡像進(jìn)行快速部署纵搁，部署完畢后可以通過(guò)package進(jìn)行打包分發(fā)，避免二次重建環(huán)境往踢；
Vagrant可以使用puppet腾誉、chref等管理工具進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化配置部署；
Vagrant支持單機(jī)模擬多臺(tái)機(jī)器峻呕，且支持一個(gè)配置文件Vagrantfile就可以跑分布式系統(tǒng)利职。
三、準(zhǔn)備工作
win7下建議安裝版本
1.vagrant_1.8.6.msi
2.VirtualBox-5.1.24-117012-Win.exe
win10下建議安裝版本
1.vagrant_1.8.7.msi/vagrant_1.9.7_x86_64.msi
2.VirtualBox-5.1.24-117012-Win.exe
我這里是Win10系統(tǒng)瘦癌，剛開(kāi)始不清楚猪贪，裝的是最新的VirtualBox-5.2.8-121009-Win.exe+Vagrant 2.1.1啟動(dòng)就報(bào)錯(cuò)，后來(lái)上網(wǎng)一搜說(shuō)是版本不兼容造成的讯私。我這里有兩臺(tái)電腦都是win10的有臺(tái)電腦上死活裝不上热押，有臺(tái)電腦卻能裝上。斤寇。跟win10系統(tǒng)版本也有關(guān)系?我這系統(tǒng)版本是:
四桶癣、進(jìn)行安裝
1.安裝VirtualBox
VirtualBox安裝就不多說(shuō)了，一直下一步下一步就行了娘锁。
2.安裝Vagrant
Vargrant下載win版的牙寞，然后一直下一步下一步就行了。
3.下載package.box
去vagrant官網(wǎng)下載一個(gè)package.box 文件致盟，box文件就是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的鏡像文件 :http://www.vagrantbox.es/
4.把虛擬機(jī)加載到box容器中
下載好之后碎税，在該目錄下執(zhí)行命令加載鏡像文件到Vagrant中去:
vagrant box add centos7 xxxx.box
centos7是給虛擬機(jī)起的名字 ,隨意寫尤慰。然后可以通過(guò)以下命令查看馏锡，當(dāng)前vagrant下有那些可用
C:\Users\fendo>vagrant box list
centos7 (virtualbox, 0)
5.初始化虛擬機(jī)
在你想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建虛擬機(jī)的目錄下，執(zhí)行以下命令進(jìn)行初始化
vagrant init centos7
會(huì)生成一個(gè)Vagrantfile文件,該文件就是Vagrant的配置文件伟端。
6.啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)
在該目錄下輸入:
vagrant up
啟動(dòng)報(bào)錯(cuò):
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: Node1_default_1525964151077_64147
"rsync" could not be found on your PATH. Make sure that rsync
is properly installed on your system and available on the PATH.
修改:
C:\Users{your_username}.vagrant.d\boxes\centos7\0\virtualbox\Vagrantfile
原配置：
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.base_mac = "525400cae48b"
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "rsync"
end
改為：
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.base_mac = "525400cae48b"
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", type: "virtualbox"
end
然后啟動(dòng)杯道，報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤:
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
default:
default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => E:/OS_WORK/Node1
Vagrant was unable to mount VirtualBox shared folders. This is usually
because the filesystem "vboxsf" is not available. This filesystem is
made available via the VirtualBox Guest Additions and kernel module.
Please verify that these guest additions are properly installed in the
guest. This is not a bug in Vagrant and is usually caused by a faulty
Vagrant box. For context, the command attempted was:
mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 vagrant /vagrant
The error output from the command was:
mount: unknown filesystem type 'vboxsf'
中文意思就是:
vagrant 無(wú)法裝載VirtualBox的共享文件夾,因?yàn)槲募到y(tǒng)"vboxsf"無(wú)法使用.
這個(gè)文件系統(tǒng)通過(guò)VirtualBox客戶添加內(nèi)核模塊獲得,請(qǐng)確認(rèn)是否被正確安裝.
這不是vagrant的問(wèn)題,而是VirtualBox引起的問(wèn)題.
請(qǐng)嘗試執(zhí)行,以下命令:
mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1001,gid=1001 work_ /work
命令輸出的錯(cuò)誤信息為:
sbin/mount.vboxsf:掛載失敗:找不到這個(gè)文件或目錄
網(wǎng)上說(shuō)的是，是Vagrant沒(méi)有安裝VBoxGuestAdditions责蝠，下面來(lái)手工安裝VitrualBox的這個(gè)增強(qiáng)功能：
●使用命令
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant halt
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
停止已在運(yùn)行的虛擬機(jī)
●啟動(dòng)VirtualBox中的虛擬機(jī)
直接在VirtualBox中啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)党巾，如下所示進(jìn)行登錄：
輸入默認(rèn)用戶名 : vagrant , 登錄密碼 : vagrant
●掛載并安裝VBoxGuestAdditions
掛載辦法如下所示：設(shè)備->安裝增強(qiáng)功能
提示以下錯(cuò)誤
手動(dòng)安裝下，在VirtualBox安裝目錄下找到VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
加載進(jìn)來(lái)霜医，之后重啟下,使用以下命令安裝VBoxGuestAdditions
sudo mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
cd /media/cdrom/
sudo ./VBoxLinuxAddtions.run
發(fā)現(xiàn)還是不行齿拂，然后又執(zhí)行以下命令更新了下系統(tǒng)
sudo yum update
sudo yum install gcc
sudo yum install kernel-devel
exit #退出虛擬機(jī)
vagrant halt # 關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)
后面還是不行。然后使用vagrant命令進(jìn)行安裝
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
Installing the 'vagrant-vbguest' plugin. This can take a few minutes...
Installed the plugin 'vagrant-vbguest (0.15.1)'!
之后重啟
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant reload --provision
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
[default] No installation found.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- base: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
- extras: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
- updates: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
Package kernel-devel-3.10.0-862.2.3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package binutils-2.27-27.base.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 4:perl-5.16.3-292.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
Copy iso file C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso into the box /tmp/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
Mounting Virtualbox Guest Additions ISO to: /mnt
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
Installing Virtualbox Guest Additions 5.1.24 - guest version is unknown
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.1.24 Guest Additions for Linux...........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
vboxadd.sh: Starting the VirtualBox Guest Additions.
Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System, skipping.
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vboxadd.service
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start vboxadd-service.service
Unmounting Virtualbox Guest Additions ISO from: /mnt
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => E:/OS_WORK/Node1
然后啟動(dòng):
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run vagrant provision or use the --provision
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
五肴敛、Vagrant連接
1.虛擬機(jī)相關(guān)登錄信息
E:\OS_WORK\Node1>vagrant ssh
ssh executable not found in any directories in the %PATH% variable. Is an
SSH client installed? Try installing Cygwin, MinGW or Git, all of which
contain an SSH client. Or use your favorite SSH client with the following
authentication information shown below:
Host: 127.0.0.1
Port: 2222
Username: vagrant
Private key: E:/OS_WORK/Node1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
這樣我們就可以像連接到一臺(tái)服務(wù)器一樣進(jìn)行操作了署海。
2.ssh登錄
window機(jī)器不支持這樣的命令吗购，必須使用第三方客戶端來(lái)進(jìn)行連接，例如xmoba砸狞、putty捻勉、Xshell等.
ssh: 127.0.0.1
端口: 2222
用戶名: vagrant
密碼: vagrant
這里使用Xshell來(lái)登錄
找到剛剛上面生成的秘鑰:
E:/OS_WORK/Node1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
然后點(diǎn)擊確定，進(jìn)行連接
注意事項(xiàng)：
注意關(guān)機(jī)之前都要關(guān)閉下虛擬機(jī)刀森。如果不關(guān)閉的話 明天早上起來(lái)就發(fā)現(xiàn)啟動(dòng)不了
在.Vagrantfile文件中設(shè)置：
設(shè)置用戶名以及密碼：
config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
config.ssh.password = "vagrant"
設(shè)置虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
六踱启、Vagrant常用命令
- 添加box
提前下載好的box文件，~/box/centos.box研底，我們給這個(gè)box命名為centos vagrant box add centos ~/box/centos.box#box文件也可以是遠(yuǎn)程地址 base 為默認(rèn)名稱#vagrant box add base http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid64.box
- 初始化
打開(kāi)目錄#cd ~/vagrant/work#初始化vagrant init#如果你添加的box名稱不是base埠偿，那么需要在初始化的時(shí)候指定名稱，例如vagrant init centos
- 啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)
vagrant up - 打包分發(fā)
vagrant package
- 幫助命令
vagrant help
- 查看vagrant版本信息
vagrant -v
Vagrant命令詳解
命令 作用
vagrant box add 添加box的操作
vagrant init 初始化box的操作榜晦，會(huì)生成vagrant的配置文件Vagrantfile
vagrant up 啟動(dòng)本地環(huán)境
vagrant ssh 通過(guò) ssh 登錄本地環(huán)境所在虛擬機(jī)
vagrant halt 關(guān)閉本地環(huán)境
vagrant suspend 暫停本地環(huán)境
vagrant resume 恢復(fù)本地環(huán)境
vagrant reload 修改了 Vagrantfile 后胚想，使之生效（相當(dāng)于先 halt，再 up）
vagrant destroy 徹底移除本地環(huán)境
vagrant box list 顯示當(dāng)前已經(jīng)添加的box列表
vagrant box remove 刪除相應(yīng)的box
vagrant package 打包命令芽隆，可以把當(dāng)前的運(yùn)行的虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境進(jìn)行打包
vagrant plugin 用于安裝卸載插件
vagrant status 獲取當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)的狀態(tài)
vagrant global-status 顯示當(dāng)前用戶Vagrant的所有環(huán)境狀態(tài)
vagrant init 初始化
vagrant up 啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)
vagrant halt 關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)
vagrant reload 重啟虛擬機(jī)
vagrant ssh {name} SSH 至虛擬機(jī)
vagrant status 查看虛擬機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
vagrant destroy {name} 刪除當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)
vagrant suspend 掛起當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)
vagrant resume 恢復(fù)被掛起的vm
vagrant box list 列出所有box列表
vagrant box remove {base name} 刪除
vagrant destroy 停止當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的虛擬機(jī)并銷毀所有創(chuàng)建的資源
vagrant package 把當(dāng)前的運(yùn)行的虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境進(jìn)行打包浊服，可用于分發(fā)開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境
vagrant plugin 安裝卸載插件
vagrant provision 設(shè)置基本的環(huán)境，進(jìn)一步設(shè)置可以使用Chef/Puppet進(jìn)行搭建
vagrant ssh-config 輸出ssh連接的一些信息
vagrant status 獲取虛擬機(jī)狀態(tài)
vagrant version 獲取vagrant的版本
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/u011781521/article/details/80275212
