R包安裝大法安裝特定版本的R包

如果R包的更新與當(dāng)前的R版本或R代碼不兼容，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致之前適用的腳本出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題，此時(shí)可能需要安裝某個(gè)特定版本的R包（使腳本正常運(yùn)行）

例如我當(dāng)前的survminer包版本是0.4.3，想換成0.4.2版本术羔。而常規(guī)的 install.packages 函數(shù)并不支持版本的選擇...

1.最簡(jiǎn)便的方法是使用devtools包中的install_version函數(shù)：

require(devtools)install_version('survminer', version = '0.4.2')
Downloading package from url: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/src/contrib/Archive/survminer/survminer_0.4.2.tar.gz

Installing survminer

packageVersion('survminer') # 當(dāng)前版本查看
[1] ‘0.4.2’

這種方法會(huì)下載并安裝目標(biāo)R包及其依賴的包吓妆，所以推薦使用砾隅！

2.雖然 install.packages 函數(shù)并不支持版本的選擇俱济，但是如果你知道R包的源文件的位置：https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive 或者其他鏡像嘶是，則可以直接通過(guò) source 的方式安裝：

packageurl = 'https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/survminer/survminer_0.4.2.tar.gz'
install.packages(packageurl, repos = NULL, type = 'source')
舉例

packageurl = 'http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/src/contrib/BiocGenerics_0.32.0.tar.gz'
> install.packages(packageurl, repos = NULL, type = 'source')
Installing package into ‘C:/Users/wlx/Documents/R/win-library/3.6’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/src/contrib/BiocGenerics_0.32.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 46806 bytes (45 KB)
downloaded 45 KB

* installing *source* package 'BiocGenerics' ...
** using staged installation
** R
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Creating a new generic function for 'append' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'as.data.frame' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'cbind' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'rbind' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'do.call' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'duplicated' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'anyDuplicated' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'eval' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'pmax' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'pmin' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'pmax.int' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'pmin.int' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'Reduce' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'Filter' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'Find' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'Map' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'Position' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'get' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'mget' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'grep' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'grepl' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'is.unsorted' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'lapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'sapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'mapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'match' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'order' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'paste' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'rank' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'rownames' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'colnames' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'union' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'intersect' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'setdiff' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'sort' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'table' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'tapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'unique' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'unsplit' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'var' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'sd' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'which' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'which.max' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'which.min' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'IQR' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'mad' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'xtabs' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'clusterCall' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'clusterApply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'clusterApplyLB' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'clusterEvalQ' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'clusterExport' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'clusterMap' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parLapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parSapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parApply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parRapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parCapply' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parLapplyLB' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'parSapplyLB' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'basename' in package 'BiocGenerics'
Creating a new generic function for 'dirname' in package 'BiocGenerics'
** help
*** installing help indices
  converting help for package 'BiocGenerics'
    finding HTML links ... 好了
    BiocGenerics-package                    html  
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    Extremes                                html  
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    IQR                                     html  
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** building package indices
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (BiocGenerics)

3.將安裝包下載到本地后安裝，終端命令如下：

wget https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/survminer/survminer_0.4.2.tar.gzR CMD INSTALL survminer_0.4.2.tar.gz
當(dāng)然蛛碌，想要安裝特定版本的R包也可能會(huì)面臨一些問(wèn)題聂喇。比如，舊版本包中有bug蔚携、缺少新的功能希太、與當(dāng)前R版本并不兼容等。此時(shí)酝蜒，就需要下載安裝適配版本的R或者調(diào)整腳本了誊辉！

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