BeautifulSoup
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鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1rOwBJQ3DDbzT4id9hZe-VQ 密碼: mynx
解析庫
| 解析器 | 使用方法 | 優(yōu)勢 | 劣勢 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫 | BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser") | Python的內(nèi)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫、執(zhí)行速度適中 、文檔容錯(cuò)能力強(qiáng) | Python 2.7.3 or 3.2.2)前的版本中文容錯(cuò)能力差 |
| lxml HTML 解析器 | BeautifulSoup(markup, "lxml") | 速度快送讲、文檔容錯(cuò)能力強(qiáng) | 需要安裝C語言庫 |
| lxml XML 解析器 | BeautifulSoup(markup, "xml") | 速度快、唯一支持XML的解析器 | 需要安裝C語言庫 |
| html5lib | BeautifulSoup(markup, "html5lib") | 最好的容錯(cuò)性痕檬、以瀏覽器的方式解析文檔、生成HTML5格式的文檔 | 速度慢送浊、不依賴外部擴(kuò)展 |
基本使用
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.prettify())
print(soup.title.string)
<html>
<head>
<title>
The Dormouse's story
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse">
<b>
The Dormouse's story
</b>
</p>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<!-- Elsie -->
</a>
,
<a class="sister" id="link2">
Lacie
</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">
Tillie
</a>
;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">
...
</p>
</body>
</html>
The Dormouse's story
標(biāo)簽選擇器
選擇元素
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.title)
print(type(soup.title))
print(soup.head)
print(soup.p)
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
<head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
獲取名稱
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.title.name)
title
獲取屬性
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.attrs['name'])
print(soup.p['name'])
dromouse
dromouse
獲取內(nèi)容
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p clss="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.string)
The Dormouse's story
嵌套選擇
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.head.title.string)
The Dormouse's story
子節(jié)點(diǎn)和子孫節(jié)點(diǎn)
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.contents)
['\n Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were\n ', <a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>, '\n', <a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>, ' \n and\n ', <a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>, '\n and they lived at the bottom of a well.\n ']
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.children)
for i, child in enumerate(soup.p.children):
print(i, child)
<list_iterator object at 0x1064f7dd8>
0
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
1 <a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
2
3 <a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
4
and
5 <a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
6
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.descendants)
for i, child in enumerate(soup.p.descendants):
print(i, child)
<generator object descendants at 0x10650e678>
0
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
1 <a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
2
3 <span>Elsie</span>
4 Elsie
5
6
7 <a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
8 Lacie
9
and
10 <a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
11 Tillie
12
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
父節(jié)點(diǎn)和祖先節(jié)點(diǎn)
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.a.parent)
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.parents)))
[(0, <p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>), (1, <body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>), (2, <html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body></html>), (3, <html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body></html>)]
兄弟節(jié)點(diǎn)
html = """
<html>
<head>
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" id="link1">
<span>Elsie</span>
</a>
<a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>
and
<a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.next_siblings)))
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.previous_siblings)))
[(0, '\n'), (1, <a class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a>), (2, ' \n and\n '), (3, <a class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>), (4, '\n and they lived at the bottom of a well.\n ')]
[(0, '\n Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were\n ')]
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇器
find_all( name , attrs , recursive , text , **kwargs )
可根據(jù)標(biāo)簽名梦谜、屬性、內(nèi)容查找文檔
name
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all('ul'))
print(type(soup.find_all('ul')[0]))
[<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>, <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>]
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.find_all('ul'):
print(ul.find_all('li'))
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>]
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>]
attrs
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'id': 'list-1'}))
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'name': 'elements'}))
[<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>]
[<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>]
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(id='list-1'))
print(soup.find_all(class_='element'))
[<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>]
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>, <li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>]
text
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(text='Foo'))
['Foo', 'Foo']
find( name , attrs , recursive , text , **kwargs )
find返回單個(gè)元素，find_all返回所有元素
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find('ul'))
print(type(soup.find('ul')))
print(soup.find('page'))
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
None
find_parents() find_parent()
find_parents()返回所有祖先節(jié)點(diǎn)改淑，find_parent()返回直接父節(jié)點(diǎn)碍岔。
find_next_siblings() find_next_sibling()
find_next_siblings()返回后面所有兄弟節(jié)點(diǎn)，find_next_sibling()返回后面第一個(gè)兄弟節(jié)點(diǎn)朵夏。
find_previous_siblings() find_previous_sibling()
find_previous_siblings()返回前面所有兄弟節(jié)點(diǎn)蔼啦，find_previous_sibling()返回前面第一個(gè)兄弟節(jié)點(diǎn)。
find_all_next() find_next()
find_all_next()返回節(jié)點(diǎn)后所有符合條件的節(jié)點(diǎn), find_next()返回第一個(gè)符合條件的節(jié)點(diǎn)
find_all_previous() 和 find_previous()
find_all_previous()返回節(jié)點(diǎn)后所有符合條件的節(jié)點(diǎn), find_previous()返回第一個(gè)符合條件的節(jié)點(diǎn)
CSS選擇器
通過select()直接傳入CSS選擇器即可完成選擇
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.select('.panel .panel-heading'))
print(soup.select('ul li'))
print(soup.select('#list-2 .element'))
print(type(soup.select('ul')[0]))
[<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>]
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>, <li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>]
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>]
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
print(ul.select('li'))
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>, <li class="element">Jay</li>]
[<li class="element">Foo</li>, <li class="element">Bar</li>]
獲取屬性
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
print(ul['id'])
print(ul.attrs['id'])
list-1
list-1
list-2
list-2
獲取內(nèi)容
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h4>Hello</h4>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for li in soup.select('li'):
print(li.get_text())
Foo
Bar
Jay
Foo
Bar
總結(jié)
- 推薦使用lxml解析庫仰猖，必要時(shí)使用html.parser
- 標(biāo)簽選擇篩選功能弱但是速度快
- 建議使用find()捏肢、find_all() 查詢匹配單個(gè)結(jié)果或者多個(gè)結(jié)果
- 如果對CSS選擇器熟悉建議使用select()
- 記住常用的獲取屬性和文本值的方法
