Around the Moon with NASA’s First Launch of SLS with Orion（原文鏈接）
"阿耳忒彌斯1號"深空探索計劃介紹（英文翻譯）
原文：
Artemis I, formerly Exploration Mission-1, will be the first integrated test of NASA’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will be an uncrewed flight test that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration, and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human existence to the Moon and beyond.
During this flight, the spacecraft will launch on the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown. It will travel 280,000 miles from Earth, thousands of miles beyond the Moon over the course of about a four to six-week mission. Orion will stay in space longer than any ship for astronauts has done without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
“This is a mission that truly will do what hasn’t been done and learn what isn’t known,” said Mike Sarafin, Artemis I mission manager at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “It will blaze a trail that people will follow on the next Orion flight, pushing the edges of the envelope to prepare for that mission.”
翻譯：
“阿耳忒彌斯1號”(前身為“探索任務1號”)是美國宇航局(NASA)的深空探索項目——由獵戶座(Orion)飛船、太空發(fā)射系統(tǒng)(SLS)火箭以及位于佛州卡納維拉爾角的肯尼迪航天中心(Kennedy Space Center )地面系統(tǒng)共同而組成的首次綜合實驗庄拇。這項實驗也是一系列日漸復雜任務中的第一個任務，“阿耳忒彌斯1號”將成為人類深空探索歷史上具有里程碑意義的無人駕駛飛行實驗，同時也展示了NASA把人類的生存空間延伸到月球及其他星球的承諾和能力炉爆。
在這次飛行中，“獵戶座”號將搭載世界上最強大的火箭發(fā)射升空卧晓，飛行距離比所有載人航天器都要遠芬首。它將在距離地球28萬英里的地方航行，在4到6周的任務期間飛越月球以外數(shù)千英里的地方逼裆∮羯裕“獵戶座”號在太空中停留的時間比所有沒有和空間站對接的航天器都長，返回速度和承受溫度的挑戰(zhàn)也是前所未有的胜宇。
“這是一個真正能夠挑戰(zhàn)未知的任務耀怜，”位于華盛頓NASA總部的“阿耳忒彌斯1號”項目經(jīng)理邁克 · 薩拉芬(Mike Sarafin)說⊥┯洌“它將為“獵戶座”號下一次載人飛行開辟一條道路财破，并通過這次任務拓寬人類認知的領域〈踊澹”
原文：
Leaving Earth
SLS and Orion will blast off from Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s modernized spaceport at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The SLS rocket is designed for missions beyond low-Earth orbit carrying crew or cargo to the Moon and beyond, and will produce 8.8 million pounds of thrust during liftoff and ascent to loft a vehicle weighing nearly six million pounds to orbit. Propelled by a pair of five segment boosters and four RS-25 engines, the rocket will reach the period of greatest atmospheric force within ninety seconds. After jettisoning the boosters, service module panels, and launch abort system, the core stage engines will shut down and the core stage will separate from the spacecraft.
As the spacecraft makes an orbit of Earth, it will deploy its solar arrays and the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) will give Orion the big push needed to leave Earth’s orbit and travel toward the Moon. From there, Orion will separate from the ICPS within about two hours after launch. The ICPS will then deploy a number of small satellites, known as CubeSats, to perform several experiments and technology demonstrations.
翻譯：
離開地球
SLS和“獵戶座”號將從位于佛羅里達州肯尼迪航天中心的NASA現(xiàn)代化航天港39B發(fā)射升空左痢。 SLS火箭設計用于近地軌道以外的任務，將機組人員或貨物運送到月球和更遠的地方，在升空和上升過程中俊性，將產(chǎn)生880萬磅的推力略步，將一架重近600萬磅的飛行器送入軌道。 由一對五段助推器和四臺RS-25發(fā)動機推動定页，火箭在90秒內(nèi)能進入到最大推力時期趟薄。在丟棄助推器、服務模塊板和發(fā)射中止器之后典徊，主發(fā)動機將停止運轉(zhuǎn)并與航天器分離杭煎。
當航天器進入地球軌道時，它將展開太陽能面板宫峦，臨時低溫推進級(ICPS)將給予“獵戶座”號離開地球軌道前往月球所需的巨大推力岔帽。“獵戶座”號將在發(fā)射后兩小時內(nèi)與 ICPS 分離导绷。ICPS 隨后將部署一些被稱為“立方體微衛(wèi)星”的小型衛(wèi)星犀勒，以進行一些實驗和技術演示。
原文：
On to the Moon
As Orion continues on its path from Earth orbit to the Moon, it will be propelled by a service module provided by the European Space Agency, which will supply the spacecraft’s main propulsion system and power (as well as house air and water for astronauts on future missions). Orion will pass through the Van Allen radiation belts, fly past the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite constellation and above communication satellites in Earth orbit. To talk with mission control in Houston, Orion will switch from NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellites system and communicate through the Deep Space Network. From here, Orion will continue to demonstrate its unique design to navigate, communicate, and operate in a deep space environment.
The outbound trip to the Moon will take several days, during which time engineers will evaluate the spacecraft’s systems and, as needed, correct its trajectory. Orion will fly about 62 miles (100 km) above the surface of the Moon, and then use the Moon’s gravitational force to propel Orion into a new deep retrograde, or opposite, orbit about 40,000 miles (70,000 km) from the Moon.
The spacecraft will stay in that orbit for approximately six days to collect data and allow mission controllers to assess the performance of the spacecraft. During this period, Orion will travel in a direction around the Moon retrograde from the direction the Moon travels around Earth.
翻譯：
繞月飛行
在“獵戶座”號離開地球軌道前往月球的路徑中妥曲，將由歐洲航天局(ESA)提供驅(qū)動服務模塊贾费，該模塊將為航天器提供主要推進系統(tǒng)和動力(以及為未來任務中的宇航員提供空氣和水)。 “獵戶座”號將飛范艾倫輻射帶檐盟、全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）星座以及地球軌道上的通信衛(wèi)星帶褂萧。 為了保持與休斯頓的任務控制中心的通訊，“獵戶座”號將切換到NASA的跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)中繼衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)葵萎，通過深空網(wǎng)絡(Deep Space Network)進行通信导犹。 從這里開始，“獵戶座”號將繼續(xù)展示其獨特的設計羡忘，在深空環(huán)境中導航谎痢、交流和操作。
前往月球的旅程將需要幾天時間卷雕，在此期間节猿，工程師將評估航天器的系統(tǒng)，并在需要時糾正其運行軌道漫雕”踔觯“獵戶座”號將在月球表面上空飛行62英里(100公里) ，然后利用月球引力反向推動“獵戶座”號進入一個新的逆行軌道浸间，距離月球約有4萬英里(7萬公里)太雨。
航天器將在該軌道停留大約6天收集數(shù)據(jù)，并允許任務控制員評估航天器的性能魁蒜。 在此期間囊扳，“獵戶座”號將沿著圍繞月球的方向煤墙，從月球圍繞地球的方向逆行。
原文：
Return and Reentry
For its return trip to Earth, Orion will do another close flyby that takes the spacecraft within about 60 miles of the Moon’s surface, the spacecraft will use another precisely timed engine firing of the European-provided service module in conjunction with the Moon’s gravity to accelerate back toward Earth. This maneuver will set the spacecraft on its trajectory back toward Earth to enter our planet’s atmosphere traveling at 25,000 mph (11 kilometers per second), producing temperatures of approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius) – faster and hotter than Orion experienced during its 2014 flight test.
After about three weeks and a total distance traveled exceeding 1.3 million miles, the mission will end with a test of Orion’s capability to return safely to the Earth as the spacecraft makes a precision landing within eyesight of the recovery ship off the coast of Baja, California. Following splashdown, Orion will remain powered for a period of time as divers from the U.S. Navy and operations teams from NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems approach in small boats from the waiting recovery ship. The divers will briefly inspect the spacecraft for hazards and hook up tending and tow lines, and then engineers will tow the capsule into the well-deck of the recovery ship to bring the spacecraft home.
翻譯：
返回地面
為了返回地球宪拥，“獵戶座”號將進行另一次近距離飛行，將航天器帶到離月球表面約60英里的地方铣减，航天器將使用歐洲提供的另一個精確定時的發(fā)動機她君，結合月球的重力加速返回地球。 這一動作將使航天器回到地球的軌道上葫哗，并以25000英里/小時（每秒11公里）的速度進入地球的大氣層缔刹，產(chǎn)生約5000華氏度（2760攝氏度）的溫度，比“獵戶座”號在2014年飛行測試中所經(jīng)歷的速度和溫度還快劣针。
經(jīng)過大約三個星期校镐，總行程超過130萬英里，在任務結束時將測試“獵戶座”號飛船安全返回地球的能力捺典，飛船將在加利福尼亞州巴哈海岸附近的回收船的視線范圍內(nèi)精準著陸鸟廓。落入海中的“獵戶座”號在一段時間內(nèi)仍保持動力，此時美國海軍的潛水員和NASA探索地面系統(tǒng)的行動小組從等待中的回收船上乘坐小船接近它襟己。潛水員簡要地檢查航天器是否存在危險后引谜，用牽引線把它們連接起來，然后工程師把太空艙拖到回收船的井甲板上擎浴，把航天器帶回家员咽。
原文：
Future Missions
With this first exploration mission, NASA is leading the next steps of human exploration into deep space where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the Moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars. The second flight will take crew on a different trajectory and test Orion’s critical systems with humans aboard. The SLS rocket will evolve from an initial configuration capable of sending more than 26 metric tons to the Moon, to a final configuration that can send at least 45 metric tons. Together, Orion, SLS and the ground systems at Kennedy will be able to meet the most challenging crew and cargo mission needs in deep space.
Future exploration missions with crew aboard Orion will assemble and dock with a Gateway. NASA and its partners will use the gateway for deep-space operations including missions to and on the Moon with decreasing reliance on the Earth. Using lunar orbit, we will gain the experience necessary to extend human exploration farther into the solar system than ever before.
翻譯：
未來使命
通過首次月球探索任務，NASA即將引領人類走向探索深空的下一步行動贮预，宇航員將在月球附近建造并開始測試月球表面任務所需的系統(tǒng)贝室，并探索離地球更遠的其他目的地，包括火星仿吞。 第二次飛行會攜帶機組人員進入不同的軌道滑频，并在載人的情況下測試“獵戶座”號的關鍵系統(tǒng)。 SLS火箭將從能夠向月球發(fā)射超過26公噸的初始配置發(fā)展到至少45公噸的最終配置茫藏。 “獵戶座”號误趴、SLS和肯尼迪地面系統(tǒng)將共同滿足深空中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的客運和貨運的任務需求。
未來的探索任務還包括由“獵戶座”號上的宇航員完成網(wǎng)關(Gateway)的組裝和對接务傲。 NASA及其合作伙伴將利用這一門戶進行深空作業(yè)凉当，包括登月和月面任務，減少人類對地球的依賴售葡。 利用月球軌道我們將獲得所需的經(jīng)驗看杭，使人類的探索比以往任何時候都更加深入太陽系。
