Listening 心理醫(yī)生

Jack is a psychiatrist, which means he treats people with mental problems/who have mental problems. He has been treating patients for many years and has used a variety of treatments. Sometimes he just listens and talks to the patients and sometimes he uses medications. These medications affect the brain in many different ways.

Over the years, Jack found that some patients improved with treatments, while others didn't improve at all. In some cases, a patient's?response to a treatment was?the opposite of what?was expected. Several years ago he had a young patient who showed him why these treatments didn't work. The patient's name was Bob. He was twenty years old when he first came to see Jack for help. The reason he came was that he had attempted suicide.

Bob was extremely smart and was a student in one of the best universities in the world. However he was often extremely depressed. Because of his depression, he took drugs and drank a lot of alcohol. It was an overdose of drugs and alcohol that nearly killed him. His roommate called 911 when he discovered bob unconscious in their dormitory room.

Once Bob recovered and discharged from the hospital, he took time off from school to

get help. That was when he came to the clinic where Jack practices medicine. At first,

Jack attempted to treat bob with anti-depression medications. He also uses conversations and recommendations to help him rethink his life and memories. After a few months but begin to recover but only moderately. Though he cooperated with the treatment he continued to think negatively. He also continues to go through periods of depression. As a result, he wasn't able to return to school.

Because the treatment wasn't working, jack tried something new. He decides to use brain scans to look inside Bob's brain. Brain scans are the way to look inside the brain to see how it is functioning. What the scans showed about bob was crucial. They showed that his brain was damaged in a way that nobody has anticipated. There was significant damage to the front part of his brain. An injury in this part of the brain can contribute to depression and a negative feeling. It can also contribute to feelings like anger and rage. The facts that his brain was injured and unbalanced explains why the treatment hadn't worked.

The brain scans showed why the medications and other treatments hadn't worked. They had failed because they didn't address the brain injury. After discussing the injury with Bob and his parents, they concluded that the cause of injury was from playing soccer. In fact, Jack knew of quite a few soccer players who had suffered head injuries from playing that sport. Heading the soccer ball many times can damage the brain.

With this new information, Jack used the new medication to treat the injury. Gradually Bob improved and after a few months was close to full recovery, He no longer had any signs of depression and was finally able to return to school. Ultimately, Bob graduated from his university with honors and admitted into a famous law school. From this experience, Jack realized that the brain imaging had helped him to save Bob's life.

If it hadn't been for the scans, Bob would have ended with killing himself. Detecting and treating the injury to the front part of his brain was the key step in his treatment. Jack now believes that the brain scan can be an important tool for psychiatrist.

An injured brain must be healed before other treatments such as vitamins, drugs or counseling can work.

Dialogue 高管討論

We've got a real problem on our hands. We're getting a lot of complaints

About the proposed new policy?

Yes, people think it's an invasion of privacy.

Don't they agree that regular exercise and?staying in shape?is good for everyone?

Sure, they agree. But they don’t think we have the right to use an app to track how much they exercise.

Using the app is the only way to make sure our employees get enough exercise. This new policy will reduce our health cost and improve productivity, which helps everyone!

requiring everyone to wear a smart device like this on the rest means they have no privacy

Well, if you put it that way I can see the problem.

However, I don't see any other way to change people's habits.?

This is just a friendly reminder.

It's more than a reminder, It makes things public and put pressure on people to meet their requirements. It will force people to work out even when they don't want to.

There won't be any choice.

Now it doesn't have to be that way, we can still be flexible.

That's not the point. People hate the idea that the company knows everything they do. It's bad enough that they have to communicate with each other at night and on weekends.

What if we make the use of the app an option.

If you do that it still put pressure on people to use it. I think it's best that we get rid of this idea.?I'm all for?standards but what about freedom and creativity. If we?go ahead with?this policy, I think we will lose some of our?best people.

There are other ways to deal with health issues.

Such as? What is your suggestion?

Give extra holidays to people who take fewer sick days.

No, that wouldn't work, It would put pressure on people to come to work sick and get everyone on sick too. If someone is sick I'd rather that they stay at home.

Then here's the radical idea. Why not let your department managers handle it, They are the one who decides on promotions and bonuses.?Setting everything in stone in the form of policy?can be very dangerous.Okay I'll consider it, for now, I'll give up the idea of using this app. Please let people know that we're listening to them. We do care about our employees.

I will, I'm sure people will appreciate it, It shows that you have faith in them.

Thanks, I appreciate your advice.

Reading

Passage1 Preventing injuries

Exercise and a certain amount of strenuous physical activity are important for maintaining good health. However, before engaging in them, it's important nor how to prevent injuries from occurring, especially for athletes and elderly people. Injuries can be minimized by doing a proper warm up. This consists of increasing your heart rate and the blood flow to all parts of the body. A good way to do this is through a series of static stretch followed by a series of dynamic streches which are done while moving.

Using the proper equipment is essential especially in contact sports. To protect the head, for example, well designed helmets and can greatly reduce the incidence of concussions. Concussions are caused when the soft, jello-like brain slams into the hard human skull. Research shows that repeated concussions can have serious consequences. Compression sportswear is another way to reduce the risk of injury, especially muscle injuries. More and more athletes are using them because their use can also speed up muscle recovery when an injury occurs. Another contributing factor in sports injuries its fatigue. Doctors believe that fatigue is an important warning sign that body has reached its limit. When fatigued it is more difficult for a body to protect itself. Therefore, it's a good idea to stop an activity at the first sign of fatigue. Rest periods, even for professional athletes, can prevent serious injuries from occurring.

使用適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)備是必不可少的, 特別是在接觸運動妆丘。保護頭部, 例如, 設(shè)計良好的頭盔, 可以大大減少腦震蕩的發(fā)病率秕狰。當(dāng)軟的, 果凍般的大腦猛烈地撞進堅硬的人的頭骨時, 就會引起腦震蕩答倡。研究表明反復(fù)腦震蕩會造成嚴重后果寂嘉。壓縮運動服是另一種減少受傷風(fēng)險的方法, 尤其是肌肉損傷见咒。越來越多的運動員使用他們, 因為他們的使用也可以加速肌肉恢復(fù)時, 受傷發(fā)生现使。運動損傷的另一個原因是疲勞。醫(yī)生認為疲勞是身體達到極限的一個重要警示信號一汽。當(dāng)疲勞時, 身體更難保護自己谴忧。因此, 這是一個好主意, 以停止活動的第一個跡象疲勞。休息期, 即使是職業(yè)運動員, 也可以防止嚴重的傷害發(fā)生角虫。

Understanding injuries and body's reaction to them can help people cope with the problems that accompany physical exercise. The support and understanding of coaches, teammates and family can be a critical factor in prevention and recovery. Once an injury occurs, it's too late to prevent it, and recovery can take a long time. For the elderly, a simple for can be fatal.

了解傷害和身體反應(yīng)對他們可以幫助人們應(yīng)付伴隨體育鍛煉的問題。教練委造、隊友和家庭的支持和理解可能是預(yù)防和恢復(fù)的關(guān)鍵因素戳鹅。一旦受傷發(fā)生, 它為時已晚, 以防止它, 恢復(fù)可能需要很長的時間。對于老年人來說, 一個簡單的可以是致命的昏兆。

Passage2 Reducing stroke

A large international study has found that ten risk factors account for 90 percent of all risks of stroke. Of that list, five risk factors usually related to lifestyle are responsible for a full 80 percent of stroke risk.According to the researchers, this risk factors--high blood pressure, smoking, abnormal obsesity, diet and physical activity are modifiable and can be controlled.

一項大型國際研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 十的風(fēng)險因素占了中風(fēng)風(fēng)險的90%枫虏。在這份名單中, 五的風(fēng)險因素通常與生活方式有關(guān), 造成中風(fēng)風(fēng)險的整整80%。據(jù)研究人員說, 這種危險因素--高血壓爬虱、吸煙隶债、異常肥胖、飲食和體力活動都是可修改的, 可以控制跑筝。

The findings come from a study of 3000 people who had had strokes and equal number of healthy individuals with no history of stroke. The study also includes a brain scan of all participating stroke survivors, according to the researchers.

這一研究結(jié)果來源于對3000人中風(fēng)和沒有中風(fēng)病史的健康個體數(shù)量相等的調(diào)查死讹。該研究還包括對所有參與中風(fēng)幸存者的腦部掃描, 據(jù)研究人員說。

Across the board, high blood pressure is the most important factor, accounting for one-third of all stroke risk. Blood pressure, it was noted, plays a major role in both forms of stroke: ischemic, the most common form(caused by blockage of a brain blood vessel ), and hemorrhagic or bleeding stroke, in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts.

在整個委員會, 高血壓是最重要的因素, 占所有中風(fēng)風(fēng)險的1/3曲梗。據(jù)指出, 血壓在兩種形式的中風(fēng)中起著重要作用: 缺血性, 最常見的形式 (由腦血管堵塞引起), 出血或出血中風(fēng), 腦中血管爆裂赞警。

Blood pressure is easily measured and there are lots of treatments. Lifestyle modifications to control it include increasing physical activity and reducing salt intake. The other lifestyle risk factors are modifiable as well. High intakes of fish and fruits, for example, is associated with a lower risk of stroke.

血壓很容易測量, 有很多治療方法妓忍。生活方式的改變, 以控制它包括增加體力活動和減少食鹽攝入量。其他生活方式風(fēng)險因素也是可修改的愧旦。例如, 魚和水果的高攝入量與中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險較低有關(guān)世剖。

Many of the same risk factors have been reported in other studies, but this is the first stroke risk study to include both low-and-middle-income participants in developing countries. The study confirms that high blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke in both developing and developed countries. This highlight the need for health authorities in those countries to develop strategies to reduce high blood pressure, salt intake and other risk factors.

其他研究也報告了許多相同的風(fēng)險因素, 但這是第一次中風(fēng)風(fēng)險研究, 其中包括發(fā)展中國家中低收入和中等收入者。研究證實高血壓是發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達國家中風(fēng)的主要原因笤虫。這突出表明, 這些國家的衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局需要制定減少高血壓旁瘫、食鹽攝入量和其他危險因素的戰(zhàn)略。