The wonder drug:
A digital revolution in health care is speeding up| TE
DAY 12： VOCABULARY
1. Telemedicine
Telemedicineis the use of telecommunication and information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance. It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations.
Benefits and drawbacks
1. Telemedicine can be beneficial to patients in isolated communities and remote regions, who can receive care from doctors or specialists far away without the patient having to travel to visit them.2. Telemedicine also can eliminate the possible transmission of infectious diseases or parasites between patients and medical staff.
1. inability to start treatment immediately.2. protected health information may be compromised through electronic storage and transmission.
遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)學(xué)是我國(guó)近十年來(lái)蓬勃發(fā)展起來(lái)的邊緣科學(xué)，它與醫(yī)學(xué)拢军、信息科學(xué)楞陷、醫(yī)學(xué)生物工程學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)茉唉、網(wǎng)絡(luò)與通信等密切相關(guān)固蛾，并受到網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信環(huán)境的制約，尤其是通信經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的制約度陆。因此艾凯，一方面要從技術(shù)角度加以突破，要大力發(fā)展帶有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的新型數(shù)字化醫(yī)療檢測(cè)設(shè)備懂傀，以代替國(guó)外昂貴的設(shè)備;另一方面趾诗，希望政府有政策傾斜，因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)程醫(yī)學(xué)事業(yè)還是一個(gè)公益事業(yè)蹬蚁，它與人民群眾的生活尤其是西部及邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)人民的生活恃泪，有著密切聯(lián)系，具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景犀斋。
2. ?a host of ? 許多
? e.g: For a host of reasons, he came over at last. 由于種種原因,他還是來(lái)了贝乎。
host 有不同的意思：
a congenial host and hostess. ? ?好客的男女主人
The communication was read by the host. 論文由主持人宣讀了
No route to host 沒(méi)有通往主機(jī)的路由
Webhosting虛擬主機(jī)
3. sevenfold ?七倍的
-fold: ?suffix
①-fold combines with numbers to form adverbs which say how much an amount has increased by. For example, if an amount increases fourfold, it is four times greater than it was originally.
e.g: By the late eighties their number had grown fourfold.
②-fold also combines with numbers to form adjectives.
e.g: One survey revealed a threefold increase in breast cancer.
【W(wǎng)ord origin of '-fold' 】
?Old English -fald, -feald
4. cardiac arrest ? 心臟驟停
Cardiac arrest is a sudden stop in effective blood flow due to the failure of the heart to contract effectively.
??Symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. Some people may have chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before this occurs. ?If not treated within minutes, death usually occurs. [ From Wikipedia ]
?A cardiac arrest is a heart attack. ?[medicine]
5. cardiopulmonary resucitation ?[CPR]
DEFINITION
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly known as CPR, ?is an emergency procedure that combines chest compression often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
It is indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations
→compressionan： increase in pressure of the charge in an engine or compressor obtained by reducing its volume
→artificial ventilation: 人工通風(fēng)
6. eliminate ?vt. [ fml]
①To eliminate something, especially something you do not want or need, means to remove it completely.
?The Sex Discrimination Act has not eliminated discrimination in employment.
Synonyms: remove, end, stop, withdraw
②When a person or team is eliminated from a competition, they are defeated and so take no further part in the competition.
e.g: I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals. 我在400米半決賽的時(shí)候被淘汰。
Synonyms: ?knock out, drop, reject, exclude叽粹， get rid of, do away with, beat, ? ? ? ?beat up, work over, remove
*Do away with the bad habits that might damage your health. ? 去掉那些有可能損害你健康的壞習(xí)慣览效。
7. fraction ? n. ?
?Elimination a fraction of this sum is a huge opprtunity.
①A fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it.
? She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding. 她在回答之前猶豫了一下却舀。
【Synonyms】: bit, little bit, mite, jot
②A fraction is a number that can be expressed as a proportion of two whole numbers. For example, ? and ? are both fractions.
?The students had a grasp of decimals, percentages and fractions.
?【W(wǎng)ord origin of ?'fraction'】
C14: from Late Latin fractiō a breaking into pieces, from Latin fractus broken, from frangere to break
8. reimbursement ?n.
→...these buyers are increasingly demanding" value-based" reimbursement...
[definition] Reimbursement is payment of the expenses incurred as a loss covered by an insurance policy.
[Annie說(shuō)] reimbursement 是在保險(xiǎn)報(bào)銷(xiāo)的情境下的用詞，也就是說(shuō)沒(méi)有效果的藥品锤灿，醫(yī)生開(kāi)給了病人挽拔，病人的保險(xiǎn)公司也不會(huì)給他們報(bào)銷(xiāo)『庹校〈這也是為什么說(shuō)保險(xiǎn)公司篱昔、公司雇員健康福利主管是責(zé)任者（incumbent）了每强，因?yàn)樗麄兏顿~始腾。
e.g: She is demanding reimbursement for medical and other expenses.
[Synonyms]: ?repayment, compensation, refund, recompense
[拓展]reimburse: ?If you reimburse someone for something, you pay them back the money that they have spent or lost because of it.
e.g: I'll be happy to reimburse you for any expenses you might have incurred.
[Synonyms]: pay back, refund, repay, recompense
[Derived forms]:
reimburser (?reim?burser) noun
reimbursable (?reim?bursable) adjective
Word origin of 'reimburse'
C17: from re- + imburse, from Medieval Latin imbursāre to put in a money bag, from bursa purse
9. lucrative ? ?adj. ? ?producing a profit; profitable; remunerative 獲利多的
e.g: Those with assets also benefit from a lucrative industry devoted to shielding them from tax
remunerative： Remunerative work is work that you are paid for.
e.g: A doctor advised her to seek remunerative employment.
(Synonyms): profitable, lucrative, paying, gainful
Derived forms:
lucratively (?lucratively) adverb
lucrativeness (?lucrativeness) noun
Word origin of 'lucrative'
ME lucratif < L lucrativus < pp. of lucrari, to gain < lucrum: see lucre
10. diabetes
[definition] ?Diabetes is a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in their blood.
? ?Diabetes mellitus (DM), ?commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
metabolic（adj.）→ metabolic（n.）: make new cells and to give you energy. 新陳代謝
→[Symptoms] of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.
→Serious long-term [complications 癥狀] include heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.
11. ?→...Although Fibits are frequently derided for ending up in the back of a drawer...
deride: to laugh at contemptuously
in the back of a drawer: ?原意 在抽屜深處積灰 引申為束之高閣
12. Joint venture 合資企業(yè)
英文中除了用company和corporation表示“公司”“及“企業(yè)”之義之外，經(jīng)常使用“公司”廣義上的對(duì)應(yīng)詞空执，例如firm浪箭， house， business辨绊， concern奶栖， combine， partnership门坷，group宣鄙， consortium， establishment默蚌， venture冻晤，conglomerate， multinational绸吸，transnational等鼻弧。即使是專(zhuān)有公司名稱(chēng)，“公司”也決非只用company與corporation锦茁，lines，agency等也是名正言順的“公司”的說(shuō)法。
13. spell: 小詞新意
[Definition] A spell of a particular type of weather or a particular activity is a short period of time during which this type of weather or activity occurs. ?
DAY 13 ?Mindmap
DAY14
我的思維導(dǎo)圖&Annie篤師
［Annie說(shuō)］最重要的步驟是抓住最重要的元素雕拼，最重要的元素就那么幾個(gè)扬霜，抓住幾個(gè)核心就簡(jiǎn)單了。
所以我在二看文章的時(shí)候羅列出來(lái)了將近10個(gè)有可能的元素稿存，當(dāng)然講他們都放上去是不可能的笨篷，頓時(shí)覺(jué)得很頭疼，然后開(kāi)始尋找他們之間的關(guān)系(包含or兼容or對(duì)立)挠铲，在幾經(jīng)修改之后冕屯，對(duì)比了Annie master的導(dǎo)圖，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的內(nèi)容有些空洞拂苹，像traditional innovators部分太簡(jiǎn)略安聘，沒(méi)有很好的闡述他與數(shù)字醫(yī)療的具體聯(lián)系痰洒。
還有就是在整體的布局安排上，我的中心思想digital health care 最好放在中間浴韭，因?yàn)樗c其他元素并不是平行關(guān)系丘喻，而是由他發(fā)散出來(lái)的。
二: 對(duì)文章的思考——AI與醫(yī)藥行業(yè)結(jié)合
看到這篇文章念颈，最先在我腦海里出現(xiàn)的是我前段時(shí)間去醫(yī)院看病泉粉，人很多，掛號(hào)排隊(duì)的隊(duì)伍長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的擠在大廳里榴芳，可我卻并沒(méi)有同他們一樣苦苦地排隊(duì)嗡靡，而是直接去了一旁的自助服務(wù)機(jī)(至于那些排隊(duì)的人我想大多數(shù)是外來(lái)人口，他們沒(méi)有這里的醫(yī)笨吒校卡讨彼。)開(kāi)通，充錢(qián)柿祈，掛號(hào)哈误，所有的流程全部在五分鐘以?xún)?nèi)完成。我當(dāng)時(shí)狠狠地夸贊了AI給我的生活帶來(lái)了如此多的便利躏嚎，大大改變了我們的世界蜜自。而未來(lái)，還有更多的人工智能等著我們?nèi)ンw驗(yàn)...
三卢佣、AI的優(yōu)勢(shì):
①與傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療相比,AI可彌補(bǔ)醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的部分不足重荠。傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)主要基于醫(yī)生自身邏輯歸納和臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn),進(jìn)而對(duì)患者的疾病進(jìn)行診療和治療。但由于不同醫(yī)生臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)珠漂、知識(shí)背景晚缩、邏輯框架等方面的不同,不同醫(yī)生在對(duì)某些罕見(jiàn)病上的判讀和解讀也會(huì)出現(xiàn)差別。而AI基于編程和數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)勢(shì),可對(duì)這一情況進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)媳危。例如IBMWatson可針對(duì)相關(guān)疾病的所有文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行檢索,并根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容得出結(jié)論和治療的建議,這在一定程度上可以減少醫(yī)生漏診荞彼、誤診的概率。除此之外,AI在醫(yī)療控費(fèi)方面也存在應(yīng)用前景,根據(jù)高盛2016年測(cè)算的數(shù)據(jù),隨著AI技術(shù)的逐漸成熟,其將推動(dòng)藥物研發(fā)過(guò)程,在這種情況下,全球每年約減少260億美元的成本支出待笑。 “醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)”+“算法”是AI在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的重要因素鸣皂。
人工智能將在五個(gè)方面改變我們的醫(yī)療行業(yè):
1.藥物研發(fā)
研發(fā)出一種新藥物通常要耗時(shí)幾十年。美國(guó)硅谷的Atomwise通過(guò)使用巨型計(jì)算機(jī)暮蹂，在分子結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中尋找治療方法寞缝，從而加速了藥物研發(fā)的速度。數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)型生物研究公司Berg Health也收集了大量數(shù)據(jù)仰泻，解釋了一些病人成功幸存的原因荆陆，為新型治療方式的研發(fā)提供思路。
2.疾病診斷
位于美國(guó)硅谷的Enlitic主要負(fù)責(zé)拍攝醫(yī)療圖像集侯，從X光到CT被啼， Enlitic可以進(jìn)行上千種的圖像掃描帜消，以幫助放射科的醫(yī)生檢測(cè)出像骨裂、小腫瘤等難以觀察的微小病源浓体。蘋(píng)果智能手表上有一個(gè)名為Cardiogram的App, 它通過(guò)設(shè)置特定算法檢測(cè)用戶(hù)心率變化泡挺，在用戶(hù)遇到嚴(yán)重的健康問(wèn)題時(shí)立刻發(fā)出信號(hào)。
3.用藥管理
美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院（NIH）投資了一款名為AiCure的App命浴。這款A(yù)pp通過(guò)將手機(jī)攝像頭和人工智能相結(jié)合娄猫，自動(dòng)監(jiān)控病人服藥情況。這一設(shè)計(jì)主要適用于身患重疾的病人以及臨床試驗(yàn)的參與者生闲。
4.醫(yī)療助手
舊金山的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)Sense.ly通過(guò)使用虛擬護(hù)士Molly招攬了一大批客人媳溺。通過(guò)人工智能設(shè)計(jì)，Molly能夠幫助慢性疾病患者直接預(yù)約醫(yī)生看診跪腹。
5.精準(zhǔn)治療
作為一家主要提供靶向診斷和靶向治療的企業(yè)褂删，多倫多的Deep Genomics通過(guò)分析龐大的基因信息庫(kù)確定治療模式，試圖研究基因突變以及基因與疾病之間的聯(lián)系冲茸。
.......未待完續(xù)，AI還將帶給我們驚喜......
——人工智能或?qū)⒁I(lǐng)下一輪產(chǎn)業(yè)變革——
