網(wǎng)上一搜一大把安裝python3教程羹饰,但是每個又不是一樣,還不如自己寫一個碳却,以下是步驟:
-
下載Python3的源碼包队秩,這里以3.6.5為例,打開官方ftp地址:https://www.python.org/ftp/python/追城,基本所有的版本的源碼包刹碾、exe軟件都在這里面,下載3.6.5 的源碼包
下載完成后會在本地電腦的文件夾下座柱,所以服務(wù)器需要安裝
lrzsz
工具或者使用WinScp
工具把源碼包上傳到服務(wù)器中迷帜,這里使用的是安裝lrzsz
yum -y install lrzsz
- 上傳到服務(wù)器之后,會在上傳目錄存在Python-3.6.5.tgz源碼包色洞,第一步就是解壓開它
tar -zxvf Python-3.6.5.tgz
- 解壓完成之后戏锹,我們需要創(chuàng)建一個目錄,等會將會編譯到這個目錄下
mkdir /usr/local/python3
- 安裝依賴包火诸,方式在編譯過程中失敗
yum install -y libffi-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel zlib zlib-devel gcc make
- 進(jìn)入到剛剛解壓的文件夾锦针,開始編譯安裝
cd Python-3.6.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3/
make && make install
7.建立軟連接,目的是在命令行輸入python3
的時候不會報錯命令未找到
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
- 驗證是否安裝成功
Python 3.6.5 (default, Aug 22 2019, 10:51:42)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
其它一些優(yōu)化:
- pip3包管理工具設(shè)置軟連接
和之前python3命令一樣,更方便我們安裝包了
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[root@python3-node ~]# pip3 install paramiko
Collecting paramiko
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/80/74dace9e48b0ef923633dfb5e48798f58a168e4734bca8ecfaf839ba051a/paramiko-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (199kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 431kB/s
Collecting pynacl>=1.0.1 (from paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/27/15/2cd0a203f318c2240b42cd9dd13c931ddd61067809fee3479f44f086103e/PyNaCl-1.3.0-cp34-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (759kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 768kB 195kB/s
Collecting bcrypt>=3.1.3 (from paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8b/1d/82826443777dd4a624e38a08957b975e75df859b381ae302cfd7a30783ed/bcrypt-3.1.7-cp34-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (56kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 262kB/s
Collecting cryptography>=2.5 (from paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/97/18/c6557f63a6abde34707196fb2cad1c6dc0dbff25a200d5044922496668a4/cryptography-2.7-cp34-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.3MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.3MB 84kB/s
Collecting cffi>=1.4.1 (from pynacl>=1.0.1->paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/bf/6aa1925384c23ffeb579e97a5569eb9abce41b6310b329352b8252cee1c3/cffi-1.12.3-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (430kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 440kB 64kB/s
Collecting six (from pynacl>=1.0.1->paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting asn1crypto>=0.21.0 (from cryptography>=2.5->paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ea/cd/35485615f45f30a510576f1a56d1e0a7ad7bd8ab5ed7cdc600ef7cd06222/asn1crypto-0.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (101kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 59kB/s
Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.4.1->pynacl>=1.0.1->paramiko)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/9e/49196946aee219aead1290e00d1e7fdeab8567783e83e1b9ab5585e6206a/pycparser-2.19.tar.gz (158kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 163kB 32kB/s
Installing collected packages: pycparser, cffi, six, pynacl, bcrypt, asn1crypto, cryptography, paramiko
Running setup.py install for pycparser ... done
Successfully installed asn1crypto-0.24.0 bcrypt-3.1.7 cffi-1.12.3 cryptography-2.7 paramiko-2.6.0 pycparser-2.19 pynacl-1.3.0 six-1.12.0
You are using pip version 9.0.3, however version 19.2.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
- 設(shè)置pip源為豆瓣源
豆瓣鏡像地址:https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
因為訪問官方的pypi很不穩(wěn)定奈搜,而且很慢悉盆,甚至有的時候根本就沒法訪問,所以就推薦國內(nèi)豆瓣源馋吗,和官方的pypi是一樣的焕盟,可以理解成同步過來的
# 編輯配置文件 ~/.pip/pip.conf,添加以下內(nèi)容
[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple
# 如果使用的是http鏈接宏粤,需要指定trusted-host參數(shù)
[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com
其中脚翘,Linux下指定的位置應(yīng)該是$HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf
或者是$HOME/.pip/pip.conf
,windows下指定位置為%APPDATA%\pip\pip.ini
或者%HOME%\pip\pip.ini
绍哎,mac下指定位置為$HOME/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf
或者$HOME/.pip/pip.conf
来农。
- 設(shè)置python3為操作系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的python解釋器
什么意思呢?就是說當(dāng)我們在命令行輸入python
的時候崇堰,默認(rèn)就是python3解釋器沃于,但是由于yum又依賴于python2,所以我們需要修改軟連接和其余的配置赶袄,具體可以參考這封博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoyafei/p/8321015.html