《認知天性》這本書中提到學(xué)習(xí)的三個關(guān)鍵步驟沃琅，是編碼刀诬、鞏固和檢索荚藻。但我覺得作者在書中提到的總結(jié)反思屋灌，建立心智模型也應(yīng)該納入學(xué)習(xí)的步驟中。
學(xué)習(xí)的第一個步驟是編碼应狱。大腦會把你感知到的東西轉(zhuǎn)化為化學(xué)與生物電形式的變化共郭，這些變化形成了一種心理表征，這個過程就叫做編碼疾呻。這種新表征稱為記憶痕跡除嘹，是短期記憶。
把這類心理表征強化為長期記憶的過程岸蜗，被人們稱為鞏固尉咕。我覺得鞏固的過程不光是通過有間隔的反復(fù)檢索，其實總結(jié)反思和建立心智模型也應(yīng)該納入到鞏固的這個步驟里璃岳。作者提到了如何做學(xué)習(xí)后的鞏固反思年缎，在完成一節(jié)課或一次閱讀作業(yè)后，可以問自己課程的核心思想是什么铃慷？哪些是相關(guān)的例子单芜，如何把這些內(nèi)容和自己聯(lián)系起來，在練習(xí)過新知識新技能后枚冗，可以問自己缓溅，哪些是做得好的，哪些還可以做得更好赁温√彻郑或者下次我能用什么方法以獲得更好的結(jié)果。經(jīng)過以上的反思后股囊，知識將進一步的鞏固在腦海里袜匿。
打造心智模型也是很重要而且很必要的一步。心智模型是被牢牢記住并且熟練應(yīng)用的技能或知識結(jié)構(gòu)稚疹。心智技能是通過知識不斷鞏固之后打造出來的一種能夠靈活應(yīng)變的能力居灯。能夠在復(fù)雜多變的環(huán)境中游刃有余祭务。
當(dāng)你的心智模型建立起來以后就具備了學(xué)習(xí)遷移的能力，它是在新環(huán)境下運用所學(xué)的一種能力怪嫌，這樣我們的學(xué)習(xí)目的就達到了义锥。
In the book MAKE IT STICK, it is mentioned that the three key steps of learning are coding, consolidation and? retrieval. However, I think reflection and establishing the mental model are also necessary steps of learning.
The first step is coding. Your brain would transfer the information you get into biological electricity or chemical electricity, and then the mental representation would be formed in your mind. This process is called coding. But this representation in mind is only short-term memory.
Consolidation is the process to transfer this short-term momery into long-term memory. Our memory can be consolidated not only by interval retrieval, but also reflection and establishing the mental model. The author tells us how to do the reflection after learning. For example, after you finish a lesson, think about the key points of the lesson and relevant examples. How can you relate yourself to the knowledge you have learned? And after you have practised the new knowledge or skills, ask yourself what have you done well and what are the parts that you haven't done well in ? How can I do better next time? After the reflection, knowledge will be probably deeply embedded in your brain.
To establish the mental model is also an essential step and necessary step after learning. Mental model is the skills or knowledge structures that have been mastered and applied freely by yourself. Mental skills are the ability to apply the knowledge after it has been consolidated in your mind.
After you have established the mental models, you will definitely be able to apply the knowledge in any new circumstances freely. And that's our ultimate purpose of learning.
