The Universal Principles Underlying Linguistic Relativity
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (also called linguistic relativity), which holds that the structure of a language affects its speakers' world view, is widely accepted to explain the cognitive and behavioral differences across cultures, both at the individual level and collective level. However, the origin of the differences in language structure itself, and the process in which a new language emerges, remain unclear. In our research, we demonstrated how the collective usage of ~6,000 The Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) codes by 250 k scientists over 10 years create an emerging hierarchical structur<wbr>e of language on physics that is both relevant to and different from the top-down design of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) used since 1971. We also analyzed the collaboration between scientists and institutions in the same time period to explore the effect of social interaction on language structure. Based on our research, we suggest that the production and diffusion of knowledge, and the universal dynamics underlying this process with a hierarchical structure as the signature, provides a unified framework of understanding linguistic phenotypes and their predictors. In particular, 1) each language is organized to store and diffuse a particular kind of knowledge, therefore, the power of language in influencing thinking (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis) comes from its function as knowledge (and also memories and feelings) container; 2) social networks, which are discrete samples of knowledge spaces, and also constantly reshape knowledge landscapes as well as language structures, in the way that connections induce idea contraction, and disconnection fosters Science and Technology innovation.
語言相對主義背后的普適原理：來自25萬物理學(xué)家十年論文標(biāo)簽數(shù)<wbr>據(jù)的啟示
薩丕爾-沃夫假說 (又稱語言相對主義)纺铭，認(rèn)為語言的結(jié)構(gòu)影響其使用者的世界觀腐缤。它<wbr>被廣泛用以解釋不同文化之間，在個人和集體層面的思考和行為模式<wbr>的區(qū)別。然而缘挑，為什么語言之間本身存在區(qū)別漠吻，<wbr>以及新的語言如何產(chǎn)生蝌数，并沒有很好的解釋哩盲。我們研究了25萬物理<wbr>學(xué)家在十年間在論文摘要里添加的（PACS）標(biāo)簽數(shù)據(jù)，<wbr>發(fā)現(xiàn)如果我們把標(biāo)簽看做單詞滓侍，把包含將近6000個標(biāo)簽的系統(tǒng)看<wbr>做一個語言系統(tǒng)蒋川，在日常使用中科學(xué)家們實際上已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了新的，<wbr>層級性的撩笆，與美國物理學(xué)會在1971年規(guī)劃的既相似又不同的語言<wbr>結(jié)構(gòu)捺球。我們還分析了十年間科學(xué)家們之間的相互合作以及這種合作對<wbr>該新語言結(jié)構(gòu)的影響街图。基于本研究懒构，我們認(rèn)為知識的創(chuàng)造和流通餐济，<wbr>特別是這個過程中的普遍規(guī)律，例如層級結(jié)構(gòu)胆剧，<wbr>為理解語言之間的不同表現(xiàn)型及其影響要素奠定了一個統(tǒng)一的框架絮姆。<wbr>具體來說，1）每種語言都是為了表達(dá)和交流特定知識而存在秩霍，<wbr>因此篙悯，語言對認(rèn)知存在影響（薩丕爾-沃夫假說），因為它是知識（<wbr>以及情感和記憶）的容器铃绒，而知識決定行動鸽照；2）社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)既可以看<wbr>做是整個社會的知識空間的一種離散抽樣，也反過來不斷重新塑造著<wbr>知識空間颠悬，進(jìn)而影響語言的結(jié)構(gòu)矮燎。社交互動使大家的行為趨于一致，<wbr>而孤獨(dú)則是創(chuàng)新的源泉赔癌。
主講人介紹：
吳令飛诞外，芝加哥大學(xué)社會學(xué)系博士后。香港城市大學(xué)傳播學(xué)博士（2<wbr>013）灾票。亞利桑那州立大學(xué)行為峡谊、制度與環(huán)境中心從事博士后（2<wbr>014-2015 ）。主要研究興趣是團(tuán)隊合作與知識生產(chǎn)刊苍。他使<wbr>用數(shù)學(xué)建模和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的方法來研究Web of Science既们，美國專利數(shù)據(jù)庫，Stack Exchange正什，GitHub 等知識生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)啥纸。研究成果發(fā)表在Scientifi<wbr>c Reports，Physical Review E埠忘，PloS ONE等期刊上脾拆，并被New Scientist和Science Daily等科學(xué)雜志介紹。
最新的工作包括關(guān)于團(tuán)隊規(guī)模與知識創(chuàng)新能力的 Large Teams Have Developed Science and Technology; Small Teams Have Disrupted It (Nature 二審)莹妒，關(guān)于人類知識和技能需求需求供給分析的Discrepa<wbr>ncies between Scientific Discovery, Education, and Market Demand Reveal Undersupply of Human Skills for the AI Economy (PNAS 二審)，<wbr>關(guān)于科研組織社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何影響其科研方向的Social Connection Induces Cultural Contraction: Evidence from Hyperbolic Embeddings of Social and Semantic Networks(*Poetics *二審)绰上。
李林倬
芝加哥大學(xué)社會學(xué)系博士旨怠。研究興趣是知識生產(chǎn)，以及權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)與意<wbr>識形態(tài)的形成蜈块。Social Connection Induces Cultural Contraction: Evidence from Hyperbolic Embeddings of Social and Semantic Networks 共同作者鉴腻。
時間地點(diǎn)：
知乎知識市場部（中關(guān)村768創(chuàng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園）迷扇，六月21日（周四）<wbr>下午4:00-6:00
知乎聯(lián)系人：朱明月
