Using 'fire to fight fire' to combat disease could make it worse, tests show

試驗(yàn)表明偶洋，“以毒攻毒”可能會(huì)使疾病惡化

A treatment billed as a potential breakthrough in the fight against disease, including cancer, could back-fire and make the disease fitter and more damaging, new research has found.
最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)疙剑，一種潛在的被視為能治療包括癌癥等疾病的突破性療法可能會(huì)回火北救，使疾病更能發(fā)展捡遍，更有破壞性慕趴。
Ground-breaking research has found that introducing 'friendlier' less-potent strains into a population of disease-causing microbes can lead to increased disease severity.
最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在致病菌中引入“友好的”效力溫和的菌株會(huì)使疾病惡化深夯。
The surprise findings by a team of scientists at the University of Exeter has led to calls for urgent research into the implications of using 'fire to fight fire' to combat disease. The research shows that far from being a 'silver bullet' to weaken disease, the practice of introducing pacifist microbes into a host could make the aggressive pathogen stronger, which could hamper disease management.
Exeter大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的這一驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)使研究“以毒攻毒”療法的作用變得急迫。這一研究表明向向宿主引入溫和微生物的治療實(shí)踐遠(yuǎn)非削弱疾病的“銀色子彈”乃正，其可能會(huì)使攻擊性的致病菌更強(qiáng)住册，這將妨礙疾病的治療。
Until now, introducing friendlier cousins, which do not cause severe disease, into a population of pathogens has been shown to reduce disease severity and damage to the infected host. It has been suggested that this approach could be an effective way of treating cancer, and research so far has proved effective and promising. For example, scientists have already produced encouraging results in the fight against Clostridium difficile infections that are so common in our hospitals.
直至現(xiàn)在瓮具，向致病菌群中引入其不致病的友好的表親荧飞，可以降低疾病的嚴(yán)重性和對(duì)病人的破壞性。這一療法被視為有效的癌癥療法名党，現(xiàn)有的研究都證明其有效叹阔、有希望。例如传睹，科學(xué)家在將這一療法應(yīng)用于醫(yī)院中常見(jiàn)的難辨梭狀芽孢桿菌感染獲得了激動(dòng)人心的成果耳幢。
But the University of Exeter scientists tested this strategy using a plant pathogen, and found the therapy could go dramatically wrong, with devastating consequences for the host plant.
但是，Exeter大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們用植物病原體來(lái)檢驗(yàn)這一策略，發(fā)現(xiàn)這一療法可能極端錯(cuò)誤睛藻，會(huì)給帶病植物帶來(lái)毀滅性的結(jié)果启上。
A team lead by Professors Ivana Gudelj, a mathematical biologist and Nick Talbot, a plant disease specialist, investigated the devastating rice blast disease. They introduced a mixed population of the fungus that causes this disease into rice, where the mixture included an aggressive strain and a pacifist mutant. They expected that the overall disease severity would decrease because of the presence of the pacifist strain. However, they found the opposite. The rice plants succumbed to much more severe disease.
數(shù)理生物學(xué)家Ivana Gudelj和植物疾病專(zhuān)家Nick Talbot教授所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了極具破壞性的稻瘟病。他們引入了一種致病的混合霉菌店印，這一混合霉菌包含一種破壞性的致病菌株和一種溫和的突變體冈在。因?yàn)闇睾途甑拇嬖冢麄兤谕傮w的罹病度下降按摘。但是包券，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)正相反。水稻植株死于更嚴(yán)重的疾病院峡。
The Exeter University research, published in eLife, shows that the therapy can in some circumstances have the opposite effect, and that the way the pathogen will behave can be unpredictable, leading to more severe disease. The research highlights the need for these new strategies to be carefully tested before they are used therapeutically.
Exeter大學(xué)的發(fā)表在eLife的研究表明這一療法在某些環(huán)境有相反的作用兴使，致病菌的表現(xiàn)將不可預(yù)測(cè)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的疾病照激。這一研究強(qiáng)調(diào)那些新策略應(yīng)用于治療前发魄，需要被仔細(xì)檢驗(yàn)。

The scientists used cooperation theory and mathematical modelling to identify the reason for their surprising result. They found that in some circumstances pacifists "helped" aggressive microbes to be more efficient in utilising resources obtained from the host.
科學(xué)家使用協(xié)同理論和數(shù)學(xué)模型來(lái)找到他們的驚人結(jié)果的原因俩垃。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在一些環(huán)境中溫和派“幫助”致病微生物更高效地利用從宿主獲取的資源励幼。(2016-12-31)
Professor Ivana Gudelj, who led the research, said: "Our study shows that a promising disease management strategy may not always be effective and indeed may have damaging unforeseen consequences. Importantly, our work also provides a foundation for the analysis of when, and why, this can happen. We find that the mechanisms driving our unexpected findings when treating rice blast infection are pertinent for many diseases involving bacterial and fungal pathogens"
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這一研究的Ivana Gudelj教授說(shuō)：“我們的研究證明一項(xiàng)有希望的疾病控制策略并不總是有效，并且事實(shí)上可能破壞性的不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的后果口柳。重要的是苹粟，我們的工作也為分析這種后果何時(shí)、何故發(fā)生提供了基礎(chǔ)跃闹。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)谥委煹疚敛r(shí)的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)后的機(jī)制也適用于由細(xì)菌嵌削、霉菌引發(fā)的很多疾病⊥眨”
Developing new ways of treating infectious disease has become more pressing with the development of resistance to antibiotics.
開(kāi)發(fā)治療感染性疾病的新方法已因細(xì)菌對(duì)抗生素的耐藥性的發(fā)展而日見(jiàn)緊迫苛秕。
One strategy being explored to treat infections that resist current drugs involves neutralising the disease-causing agent. This strategy involves extracting the agent from the patient so that scientists can remove components of the microbe's DNA in order to neutralise the disease.
一項(xiàng)正在被考察的治療耐藥感染的策略為中和致病因子（細(xì)菌）。這一策略從病人提取致病因子以便科學(xué)家去除細(xì)菌DNA中的相應(yīng)部分來(lái)控制疾病找默。
This new harmless agent is then grown in the lab and re-introduced to the disease site with the expectation that it will out-compete its more harmful cousin by stealing resources the disease needs to proliferate. Such research has proved effective in several lab tests.
新的無(wú)害的細(xì)菌在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培養(yǎng)后再注入病人體內(nèi)艇劫，研究人員期待這些無(wú)害的細(xì)菌可以與致病菌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)繁殖的資源并勝出。這樣的研究在許多實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中都被證明有效惩激。
The University of Exeter scientists tested this method in rice blast infections, but found more severe disease symptoms.
Exeter大學(xué)的科學(xué)家用稻瘟病檢驗(yàn)了這一方法店煞，但發(fā)現(xiàn)了更嚴(yán)重的病癥。
Professor Nick Talbot, Professor of Molecular Genetics and expert in plant diseases, said: "The strategy of introducing less aggressive microbes to fight more aggressive ones may prove effective to control some crop disease, but our study shows that they are not a silver bullet and caution needs to be exercised. We need to understand how microbes interact with each other in natural settings, before we can try to alter their ability to cause disease in this way. Our study also shows why mathematicians and biologists need to work together more often, because we would not have understood this phenomenon at all without the mathematical analysis carried out."
分子遺傳學(xué)教授风钻、植物病專(zhuān)家Nick Talbot教授說(shuō)：“引入低害化的微生物來(lái)對(duì)抗相應(yīng)致病微生物的策略可能在控制部分作物病害時(shí)是有效的顷蟀，但我們的研究表明這些并不是捷徑（silver bullet??），且需多加注意骡技。在我們?yōu)榇嗽噲D改變微生物的致病能力前衩椒，我們需要弄清在自然環(huán)境下微生物間如何相互作用。我們的研究也表明了數(shù)學(xué)家與生物學(xué)家更需要一起工作，因?yàn)槿绻麤](méi)有數(shù)學(xué)分析的介入我們將不能弄清這一現(xiàn)象的機(jī)制毛萌」冻冢”
Richard Lindsay, a PhD student who worked on the research team, added: "Our findings are of central importance in understanding how microbial infections evolve, but also have wider significance for the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic control of disease in humans, animals and plants."
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2016-12-combat-disease-worse.html#jCp
研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的博士生Richard Lindsay補(bǔ)充道：“我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)理解微生物感染如何逐步發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，但也對(duì)治療癌癥及醫(yī)治人類(lèi)阁将、動(dòng)物和植物疾病有廣泛意義膏秫。”(2017-01-01)