中文名稱(Chinese name):
思想之始
別名(Alias):
我們學(xué)會(huì)思考的那一天
英文名稱(English name):
The Day We Learned to Think
講 述 者(narrator):
約翰·夏普尼爾(John Shrapnel)
制片人/導(dǎo)演(producer / director):
丹·克裏夫頓(Dan Clifton)
顧問(Consultant):
克裏斯·亨施伍德(Chris Henshilwood)
理查德·克萊恩(Richard Klein)
艾利森·布魯克斯(Alison Brooks)
特倫斯·迪肯(Terrence Deacon)
蘭德爾·懷特(Randall White)
讓-雅克·於布蘭(Jean-Jacques Hublin)
傑弗雷·萊特曼(Jeffrey Laitman)
瑪格麗特·克萊格(Margaret Clegg)
弗朗西斯·德埃裏克(Francesco D'Errico)
制作公司(Production company):
英國國家廣播公司(BBC)教育和培訓(xùn)(BBC Education & Training)
英國廣播公司(British Broadcasting Corporation)
英國廣播公司資源部(公司)(BBC Active (Firm))
出版者(Publisher):
[聯(lián)合王國][United Kingdom]:
英國廣播公司資源部(公司)(BBC Active (Firm))
漢密爾頓(Hamilton)
發(fā)行人(Distributed ):
人文與科學(xué)電影公司[2008](Films for Humanities & Sciences, [2008])
影片類型(Film type):
自然曆史/考古類紀(jì)錄片(Natural history / archaeological documentary)
版本/格式(Edition/Format):
DVD視頻(DVD video)
發(fā)布日期(Release date):
2008年(英國)
影片數(shù)目(Number of films):
單一集
地區(qū)(Area):
英國
語言(Language):
英語
技術(shù)規(guī)格(Technical Specs):
視頻編解碼器(Video Codec):DivX 5
視頻比特率(Video Bitrate):1195 kb / s
視頻分辨率(Video Resolution):720 x 464
音頻編解碼器(Audio Codec):MP3
音頻比特率(Audio BitRate):160 kb / s
音頻語言(Audio Languages):英語(English)
字幕(Subtitles):無(None)
運(yùn)行時(shí)間(RunTime Per Part):46分鐘(46 min)
文件大醒拾住(Part Size):450MB
播放日期(Playback date):
在2003年第一次播出缴淋,作為地平線(Horizon)電視節(jié)目的一部分瓮顽。英國廣播公司二臺(tái)扑馁,2月20日星期四晚上9點(diǎn)拙毫。
Originally broadcast in 2003 as part of the television program, Horizon. BBC Two, Thursday 20 February, 9pm.
由約翰·夏普尼爾(John Shrapnel)主持的並由英國廣播公司(BBC)出版的曆史紀(jì)錄片作為英國廣播公司(BBC)地平線系列2003年的一部分進(jìn)行播放。
人物簡介(Character profile):
約翰·夏普尼爾(John Shrapnel)
約翰·夏普尼爾出生在伯明翰,是諾曼和米範(fàn)維·施雷普內(nèi)爾的兒子。他是在斯托克波特和南倫敦長大的卡睦,就讀於倫敦城市學(xué)院和劍橋大學(xué)。他曾經(jīng)是國家青年劇院的一名成員漱抓,在劇院工作過表锻,特別是皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)和國家劇院。他目前居住在薩钙蚵Γ克和倫敦瞬逊。
John Shrapnel was born in Birmingham, the son of Norman and Myfanwy Shrapnel. He was brought up in Stockport and south London, attending City of London School and Cambridge University. He was an original member of the National Youth Theatre and has worked extensively in theatre, particularly the Royal Shakespeare Company and National Theatre. He lives in Suffolk and London.
節(jié)目摘要(Programme summary):
了解人類最早的曆史往往來自於化石的研究,它們告訴我們很多關(guān)於我們之前人類生活的情況仪或。有一件事是化石無法告訴我們的确镊,在什麼時(shí)候我們中斷了日常生活方式並開始象征性地思考,這是代表我們的環(huán)境和我們?nèi)绾胃淖兯南敕▎幔?/p>
在南非的一次挖掘中范删,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一件七萬年前的紅色赭石骚腥,它向我們提出了一些非常有趣的問題。解剖學(xué)意義上的現(xiàn)代人類(智人)大約在10萬年前就在非洲出現(xiàn)了瓶逃。我們從化石證據(jù)中得知束铭,智人取代了他們周圍的其他原始人,並從非洲遷移到亞洲和中東厢绝,在4萬年前到達(dá)歐洲契沫。
理查德·克萊恩教授認(rèn)為,藝術(shù)是人類進(jìn)化的裏程碑昔汉。毫無疑問懈万,這是一種廣泛而普遍的藝術(shù),表明你正在和我們這樣的人打交道靶病。畢竟会通,沒有其他動(dòng)物能夠把一幅畫定義為一種顏色和形狀的集合。這種能力是人類獨(dú)有的娄周。其他科學(xué)家也同意這樣的觀點(diǎn)涕侈。他們認(rèn)為藝術(shù)可以將人類定義為在行為上的現(xiàn)代人類,它的開始必須與能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)說話和使用語言的能力相一致煤辨。如果有人以想象力用藝術(shù)的形式來描述他們生活環(huán)境的共享方式裳涛,那麼他們就無法擁有語言和言語,這似乎是不可想象的众辨。人類與動(dòng)物最大的分別端三,除了可以賺錢外,人類懂得思考鹃彻、溝通郊闯,有自己的一套語言。一直以來,科學(xué)家相信团赁,語言的發(fā)展大概只有四萬年曆史育拨。四萬年前的人類就好像嬰孩般只懂牙牙學(xué)語,與其他動(dòng)物無異然痊。不過至朗,當(dāng)一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了八萬年前的寫作工具和圖畫後,人類語言的發(fā)展過程再次惹來爭議剧浸。最近锹引,他們更將語言的發(fā)展時(shí)間推前至二十萬年以前。到底科學(xué)家的推論有何憑據(jù)唆香?二十萬年以來嫌变,語言的進(jìn)化過程又是怎樣?
Understanding of humans' earliest past often comes from studying fossils. They tell us much of what we know about the people who lived before us. There is one thing fossils cannot tell us, at what point did we stop living day - to-day and start to think symbolically, to represent ideas about our environment and how we could change it?
At a dig in South Africa the discovery of a small piece of ochre pigment, 70,000 years old, has raised some very interesting questions. Anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) emerged in Africa roughly 100,000 years ago. We know from fossil evidence that Homo sapiens replaced other hominids around them and moved out of Africa into Asia and the Middle East, reaching Europe 40,000 years ago.
Prof Richard Klein believes art is a landmark in human evolution. Unquestionable art that's widespread and common suggests you're dealing with people just like us. No other animals, after all, are able to define a painting as anything other than a collection of colours and shapes. This ability is unique to humans. Other scientists agree. They believe art defines humans as behaviourally modern, and its beginning must coincide with the ability to speak and use language. If someone has the imagination to devise a shared way to describe their environment using art then it seems inconceivable that they could not possess language and speech.
The biggest difference between humans and animals is that, apart from making money, humans can think, communicate and have their own set of languages. Scientists have long believed that the development of language is only about 40,000 years old. Forty thousand years ago, human beings were like babies who knew nothing but teeth, and were indistinguishable from any other animal. However, when some scientists discovered writing tools and drawings 80,000 years ago, the development of human language was once again controversial. More recently, they have pushed the development of language to 200,000 years ago. What is the evidence of the scientists' reasoning? How has language evolved over the last 200,000 years?
文字:《傑特遜工作室》(JENTSON STUDIO) 制作
視頻:《傑特遜工作室》(JENTSON STUDIO) 紀(jì)錄片數(shù)據(jù)庫BBC-021號(hào)
翻譯:趙永安