前言
大家對VMware或者VirtualBox一定不會(huì)陌生居夹，虛擬化的好處自然深入人心荆忍，而現(xiàn)在我們可以通過Vagrant搭建一套類似Laravel Homestead完整開發(fā)環(huán)境，這樣極大的減少了架設(shè)開發(fā)環(huán)境的時(shí)間囊蓝，同時(shí)還支持在Windows/Mac/Linux不同平臺上分享定制包饿悬，統(tǒng)一團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的開發(fā)環(huán)境提高工作效率，而Docker的出現(xiàn)也讓未來更值得期待聚霜。
用Vagrant為自己打造一個(gè)奇妙的跨平臺開發(fā)環(huán)境
更新歷史
2015年07月18日 - 初稿
閱讀原文 - http://wsgzao.github.io/post/vagrant/
擴(kuò)展閱讀
Vagrant - https://www.vagrantup.com/
Laravel Homestead - http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/homestead
在windows下進(jìn)行l(wèi)inux開發(fā)：利用Vagrant+virtualbox - http://blog.star7th.com/2015/06/1538.html
在 Mac/win7 下上使用 Vagrant 打造本地開發(fā)環(huán)境 - http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002645737
環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
- Git（非必需）
- PHP（非必需）
- Laravel（非必需）
- Composer（非必需）
- Vagrant
- VirtualBox
如果大家有需要離線安裝歡迎直接留言回復(fù)哈
安裝git
1.下載GitHub for Windows
安裝php
建議大家盡量安裝當(dāng)前最新版本的 PHP
1.下載PHP
http://windows.php.net/download/
2.解壓目錄
我的路徑D:\php
3.添加環(huán)境變量
右鍵計(jì)算機(jī)->高級系統(tǒng)設(shè)置->環(huán)境變量->系統(tǒng)變量->PATH
C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\nodejs\;D:\php;C:\ProgramData\ComposerSetup\bin
4.設(shè)置php.ini
進(jìn)入 PHP 安裝目錄（例如 D:\php）狡恬。找到 php.ini-development 文件并復(fù)制一份到當(dāng)前目錄，重命名為 php.ini蝎宇，修改以下配置
去掉extension=php_mbstring.dll 前面的分號（888 行左右）
去掉extension=php_openssl.dll前面的分號（893 行左右）
去掉extension_dir = "ext"前面的分號（736 行左右）
5.使環(huán)境變量生效
重啟explorer.exe
安裝Laravel
1.下載Laravel
http://www.golaravel.com/download/
2.解壓目錄
我的路徑D:\laravel-v5.1.4
3.啟動(dòng)Laravel
d:
cd laravel-v5.1.4
D:\laravel-v5.1.4>php artisan serve
Laravel development server started on http://localhost:8000/
在瀏覽器中訪問http://localhost:8000/
artisan 的 serve 命令還支持兩個(gè)參數(shù)：
host 設(shè)置主機(jī)地址
port 設(shè)置 web server 監(jiān)聽的端口號
例如：php artisan serve --port=8888
安裝Composer
1.下載Composer-Setup.exe
https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md#installation-windows
2.配置Composer
Loading composer repositories with package information
Installing dependencies (including require-dev)
SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”
如果安裝過程提示報(bào)錯(cuò)為缺少CA證書弟劲，下載cacert.pem到自定義路徑
http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html
然后修改php.ini文件（1983行左右）
openssl.cafile=D:\php\verify\cacert.pem
3.測試Composer
composer -V
Composer version 1.0-dev (d79427f1a7b15e8f4d46ce8124a4d0c58ba1479c) 2015-07-04 1
1:22:58
安裝Vagrant
1.下載Vagrant
https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html
2.離線下載虛擬鏡像
https://github.com/tommy-muehle/puppet-vagrant-boxes/releases/download/1.0.0/centos-6.6-x86_64.box
上面給出的是centos-6.6鏡像下載鏈接，要下載其他鏡像請?jiān)L問官網(wǎng)
http://www.vagrantbox.es/
安裝VirtualBox
BIOS里面開啟CPU硬件虛擬化支持VT(Virtualization Technology)
1.下載VirtualBox
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
2.導(dǎo)入鏡像
設(shè)置VirtualBox目錄并拷貝鏡像centos-6.6-x86_64.box
E:\VirtualBox\centos-6.6-x86_64.box
3.命令初始化Vagrant
#切換VirtualBox目錄
e:
cd .\VirtualBox
#輸入命令初始化
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant init centos6.6
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
#執(zhí)行添加命令
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant box add centos6.6 centos-6.6-x86_64.box
==> box: Adding box 'centos6.6' (v0) for provider:
box: Downloading: file://E:/VirtualBox/centos-6.6-x86_64.box
box: Progress: 100% (Rate: 670M/s, Estimated time remaining: --:--:--)
==> box: Successfully added box 'centos6.6' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
#檢查是否導(dǎo)入成功
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant box list
centos6.6 (virtualbox, 0)
Vagrant配置
詳細(xì)配置文檔可以參考官方手冊 - https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/
啟動(dòng)Vagrant
通過Shell進(jìn)入目錄E:\VirtualBox后執(zhí)行命令
vagrant up
順利啟動(dòng)的完整過程如下所示
E:\VirtualBox>vagrant upBringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...==> default: Importing base box 'centos6.6'...==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...==> default: Setting the name of the VM: VirtualBox_default_1437213832296_68434==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration... default: Adapter 1: nat==> default: Forwarding ports... default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)==> default: Booting VM...==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes... default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222 default: SSH username: vagrant default: SSH auth method: private key default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying... default: default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security. default: default: Inserting generated public key within guest... default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present... default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...==> default: Machine booted and ready!==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM... default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on default: your host and reload your VM. default: default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28 default: VirtualBox Version: 5.0==> default: Mounting shared folders... default: /vagrant => E:/VirtualBox
虛擬機(jī)啟動(dòng)之后則可以通過 vagrant ssh 聯(lián)入虛擬機(jī)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的環(huán)境配置姥芥，或者軟件安裝相關(guān)的工作兔乞，在Windows系統(tǒng)下，并不能直接通過vagrant ssh連到虛擬機(jī)，需要使用SecureCRT/Putty/Xshell等第三方工具進(jìn)行連接庸追。連接地址127.0.0.1霍骄，端口2222。登錄的帳號root的密碼為vagrant
E:\VirtualBox> vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
default: Adapter 2: bridged
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 80 => 8080 (adapter 1)
default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
The guest machine entered an invalid state while waiting for it
to boot. Valid states are 'starting, running'. The machine is in the
'poweroff' state. Please verify everything is configured
properly and try again.
If the provider you're using has a GUI that comes with it,
it is often helpful to open that and watch the machine, since the
GUI often has more helpful error messages than Vagrant can retrieve.
For example, if you're using VirtualBox, run `vagrant up` while the
VirtualBox GUI is open.
如果有報(bào)上述錯(cuò)誤锚国，并且運(yùn)行Virtualbox去安裝系統(tǒng)時(shí)出錯(cuò)：Failed to open a session for the virtual machine腕巡，Unable to load R3 module C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox/VBoxDD.DLL (VBoxDD): GetLastError=1790 (VERR_UNRESOLVED_ERROR).玄坦，需要使用UniversalThemePatcher還原未破解的themeservice.dll themeui.dll uxtheme.dll文件
已經(jīng)打包好的下載鏈接 - http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c0HGj2g
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
如果報(bào)default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...血筑，建議打編輯Vagrantfile打開VirtualBox圖形化界面vb.gui = true進(jìn)一步分析錯(cuò)誤代碼和原因。
導(dǎo)出box
通過Shell進(jìn)入目錄E:\VirtualBox后執(zhí)行命令
vagrant package
vagrant package --output NAME --vagrantfile FILE
#可選參數(shù)：
--output NAME ： （可選）設(shè)置通過NAME來指定輸出的文件名
--vagrantfile FILE：（可選）可以將Vagrantfile直接封進(jìn)box中
完成后會(huì)在當(dāng)前目錄就會(huì)生成package.box煎楣，可以在家或者團(tuán)隊(duì)成員共享開發(fā)環(huán)境保持一致性
其它命令
vagrant up （啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)）
vagrant halt （關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)——對應(yīng)就是關(guān)機(jī)）
vagrant suspend （暫停虛擬機(jī)——只是暫停豺总，虛擬機(jī)內(nèi)存等信息將以狀態(tài)文件的方式保存在本地，可以執(zhí)行恢復(fù)操作后繼續(xù)使用）
vagrant resume （恢復(fù)虛擬機(jī) —— 與前面的暫停相對應(yīng)）
vagrant box remove centos6.6 （移除box择懂，其中centos6.6是box名）
vagrant destroy （刪除虛擬機(jī)喻喳，刪除后在當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)所做進(jìn)行的除開Vagrantfile中的配置都不會(huì)保留）
Laravel Homestead
細(xì)節(jié)部分可參考官方文檔 - http://laravel.com/docs/5.1/homestead
1.下載安裝包
vagrant box add laravel/homestead
E:\Homestead>vagrant box add laravel/homestead
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'laravel/homestead'
box: URL: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/laravel/homestead
This box can work with multiple providers! The providers that it
can work with are listed below. Please review the list and choose
the provider you will be working with.
1) virtualbox
2) vmware_desktop
Enter your choice: 1
==> box: Adding box 'laravel/homestead' (v0.2.7) for provider: virtualbox
box: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/laravel/boxes/homestead/versions/0.2.7/providers/virtualbox.box
box: Progress: 0% (Rate: 9d/s, Estimated time remaining: 0:05:30)11))
由于國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境問題建議離線下載后手動(dòng)導(dǎo)入
#輸入命令初始化
E:\Homestead>vagrant init laravel
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
#執(zhí)行添加命令
E:\Homestead>vagrant box add laravel laravel.box
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'laravel' (v0) for provider:
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file://E:/Homestead/laravel.box
box: Progress: 100% (Rate: 141M/s, Estimated time remaining: --:--:--)
==> box: Successfully added box 'laravel' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
#檢查是否導(dǎo)入成功
E:\Homestead>vagrant box list
centos6.6 (virtualbox, 0)
laravel (virtualbox, 0)
#啟動(dòng)Lavarel Homestead
E:\Homestead>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'laravel'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: Homestead_default_1437217549272_56101
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 => 2222 (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
default:
default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
default:
default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
default: your host and reload your VM.
default:
default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.14
default: VirtualBox Version: 5.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
default: /vagrant => E:/Homestead
登錄帳戶vagrant/vagrant，開始全新的Laravel Homestead體驗(yàn)之旅吧困曙。
