Perpetual

Continuing or being so for an indefinitely longtime:

He seems to have a?perpetual?grin on his face.

empirical?

originating in or based on observation or experience

e.g. They collected plenty of?empirical?data from their experiments.

go back to?

和commence， dates back 沒有畫面感

write widely 雜學(xué)家

Pick holes in

to find mistakes?in something someone has done or said, to show that it is not good or not correct

e.g. He likes picking holes from someone he does not like.

Falsify

to prove or declare false: disprove

to make false by mutilation or addition?

E.g. The accounts were falsified to conceal a theft

in orbit round the Sun(表達(dá))

in orbit 不需要冠詞?

out of shape/ come back in shape 也不需要冠詞 （想指的是狀態(tài)，而不是某種具體的形狀悲雳，同in bed）

step off of the train 強(qiáng)調(diào)從有體積里出來

bounce back off （小詞）

Speculative

constituting intellectual speculation, also, theoretical rather than demonstrable

e.g.a writer with a speculative mind

alpha particles: 阿爾法粒子

artillery shell 炮彈

paper-thin foil（表達(dá)） 像紙一樣薄的

all the more+比較級(jí)的用法： even more

The fact that they'd written the play themselves made it all the more impressive.

compelling

a. Having the power to persuade；近義詞：telling

b. Forceful: a compelling personality

c. Demanding attention:The novel was so compelling that I couldn't put it down.

bring an entire theory crashing down （學(xué)習(xí)bring在這里的用法表達(dá)）?

long-held: something that was hold for a long time, especially believes or thoughts.

This study overturns the long-held belief that brain size has increased across all mammals.

Newton famously said, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."

疑難句型：

He meant primarily Galileo, but he had probably also seen a copy of Alhazen's Optics.

疑問：fourfold roots of everything

star gazer: one who gazes at the stars: such as: a :? astrologer b :? astronomer

? ? ? ? gaze:to fix the eyes in a steady intent look often with eagerness or studious attention

? ? ? ? e.g. He gazed out of the window.

star map?

If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things.

Abbasid caliphate ：was the third of the?Islamic?caliphates?to succeed the?Islamic prophet?Muhammad.

alchemy

1:a medieval chemical science and?speculative?philosophy aiming to achieve the?transmutation?of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2:a power or process that changes or transforms something in a mysterious or impressive way 3:an inexplicable or mysterious transmuting

e.g. She practiced her?alchemy?in the kitchen, turning a pile of vegetables into a delicious salad. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The company hoped for some sort of economic?alchemy?that would improve business.

Alchemy flourished...（學(xué)習(xí)flourish表達(dá)）

distillation：the process of purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation蒸餾

The monopoly over scientific truth began to weaken...（主要搭配問題的學(xué)習(xí)。介詞用over导匣，后接weaken）

Monopoly: exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action

quash

to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely

...discredit the old theory...

1. to cause disbelief in the accuracy or authority of贡定；??

2. to deprive of good repute:?personal attacks meant to?discredit his opponent；

3. to refuse to accept as true or accurate：discredit a rumor

e.g. Many of his theories have been thoroughly?discredited.

The invention of ...opens up new fields of science, into which marched Danish physicist... ? ? 作狀語的介詞放于句首旋炒？以前常見的是come瘫镇， lie铣除， stand這幾個(gè)詞，march也可用敲长。?

a host of 一大群

Palaeontology became fashionable ?(?p?l??n?t?l?d??)

the study of fossils to determine the structure and evolution of extinct animals and plants and the age and conditions of deposition of the rock strata in which they are found; another name for palaeozoology

remains（注意其他用法）

All that is left after other parts have been taken away, used up, or destroyed; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? A dead body or parts of a dead body; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The unpublished writings of a deceased author; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ancient ruins or fossils;

shaking classical physics (表達(dá)) ?bring sth crash down

關(guān)于shake 幾個(gè)不熟悉的表達(dá)

?a:to free oneself from: shake?a habit, shake?off a cold ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?b: to get away from:get rid of: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?e.g. Can you?shake?your friend? I want to talk to you alone.

c: to lessen the stability of: weaken?shake?one's faith

疑難問題： leap-frogging ideas 郎嫁？？祈噪？

The idea of the black hole began to take root.?take root 的含義

Some of which may harbor life?

? ? ?harbor常見的是名詞用法泽铛，這里作為動(dòng)詞。

To give shelter to: harbor refugees辑鲤；?

To provide a place,home,or habitat for: streams that harbor trout and bass.

To entertain or nourish (a specified thought or feeling):harbor a grudge

take root 開始形成

chromosome

learn off 聽說了解

discredit： disprove盔腔，overturn

amaze

to show or cause astonishment:?

e.g. The fireworks display never ceases to?amaze.

Through the two days of learning, what actually impressed me the most is not how much knowledge I have learned, but how should I learned.?

In the past, when I was reading articles, I usually chose those I am interested in. I don't even think about that I will some time read something concerned science. Thus, the reading of this article actually was the first time that I read some field I am not familiar with.?

One thing that I learned from Annie is to keep your curiosity and try hard to figure it and get something you don't know in the past. Not only about the vocabulary, or the usage of a word, but also, what actually called knowledge.?