今日導讀
提到空姐暮的，人們總會聯(lián)想到各大航空公司宣傳廣告上的那些形象靚麗的女性：她們面容姣好笙以、身材高挑、制服筆挺冻辩、笑意盈盈猖腕。這樣美好的印象使得搭乘飛機不僅僅是一種現(xiàn)代出行方式，更成為了一種讓人愉悅的服務體驗恨闪。然而倘感，我們在享受著這樣養(yǎng)眼服務的同時，往往忽略了一個問題：為什么這些在高空客艙中穿梭的女性們咙咽，需要穿著并不舒適的高跟鞋和貼身制服為我們服務呢老玛？難道僅僅是出于我們對航空體驗的期待，就可以忽略她們的個人權(quán)益嗎钧敞？今天《衛(wèi)報》這篇新聞就探討了這個問題蜡豹，我們和 Lala 老師一起來看。
新聞原文
Why are airlines so keen on the fantasy of the Mile-High Barbie?
The Guardian
How did it come to this—women required to produce a sick note because they’ve been struck down by… unsexiness? It seems that Norwegian Air requires female flight attendants to wear heels, or have a note from the doctor—other rules cover everything from makeup to false eyelashes.
How mortifying for Norway: in 2018, the country was rated second for equality, after Iceland, in the Global Gender Gap report. Norwegian politician Anette Trettebergstuen said: “1950 rang, and it wants its rulebook back.” Norwegian Air responded that flat shoes are worn in the cabin, there are also dress guidelines for male stewards, and other airlines have similar rules—but it must be aware that last month, Virgin ditched requirements for heels and makeup, with others following suit.
It seems that we’re finally starting to see off the oversexualised “air hostess” cliche, but how has it taken so long? Air travel isn’t alone when it comes to chauvinistic grooming diktats. Officially or unofficially, illegally or otherwise, women have routinely been pressured to dress quasi-sexually for work.
It’s a kind of chauvinistic laziness—an easy (and gratuitous) way to keep sex in the mix. Never mind that the flight attendants may have preferred comfort, elegance and dignity to styling that came perilously close over the years to Mile-High Barbie. On and off ground, airline staff have a big job to do—safeguarding the wellbeing and security of passengers. As with all work environments, if men aren’t required to totter about in heels, why on earth are women?
帶著問題聽講解
如何理解 follow suit？
為什么航空公司告別性化“空中小姐”用了如此長的時間愚战？
什么是沙文主義娇唯？
新聞正文
Why are airlines so keen on the fantasy of the Mile-High Barbie?
為什么航空公司如此熱衷于塑造“高空芭比”？
How did it come to this — women required to produce a sick note because they’ve been struck down by… unsexiness? It seems that Norwegian Air requires female flight attendants to wear heels, or have a note from the doctor — other rules cover everything from makeup to false eyelashes.
女性如果穿得不夠性感凤巨，則需要向公司出示病假條视乐，怎么會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況呢？原來敢茁，挪威航空公司要求他們的女性空乘人員穿高跟鞋，如果不穿的話需要出示醫(yī)生開具的病假條（證明自己因病不能穿）留美。除此之外彰檬，這家航空公司還事無巨細地規(guī)定了從化妝品到假睫毛的各個方面。
How mortifying for Norway: in 2018, the country was rated second for equality, after Iceland, in the Global Gender Gap report. Norwegian politician Anette Trettebergstuen said: “1950 rang, and it wants its rulebook back.” Norwegian Air responded that flat shoes are worn in the cabin, there are also dress guidelines for male stewards, and other airlines have similar rules — but it must be aware that last month, Virgin ditched requirements for heels and makeup, with others following suit.
（航空公司的這些規(guī)定）對挪威這個國家來說頗為尷尬谎砾。在 2018 年的全球性別差異報告中逢倍， 挪威被評為世界上性別最平等的國家第二名，僅次于冰島景图。挪威政治家安妮特·特雷特伯格斯頓說：“1950 年來電話了较雕，它說想要回它的規(guī)則手冊（航空公司的規(guī)定在過去 1950 年代也許可行，但如今已經(jīng)過時）×两” 挪威航空公司回應稱扣典，女性可以在機艙里穿平底鞋，并且男性空乘人員也有著裝要求慎玖，此外贮尖，其他航空公司也有類似的規(guī)定。但值得注意的是趁怔，在上個月湿硝，（英國）維珍航空公司廢除了女性空乘人員必須穿高跟鞋以及化妝的規(guī)定，其他航空公司也紛紛效仿润努。
It seems that we’re finally starting to see off the oversexualised “air hostess” cliche, but how has it taken so long? Air travel isn’t alone when it comes to chauvinistic groomingdiktats. Officially or unofficially, illegally or otherwise, women have routinely been pressured to dress quasi-sexually for work.
看來我們終于開始告別過度性化“空中小姐”的一類陳腔濫調(diào)了关斜，但為什么花了這么久呢？并非只有機艙里才存在這種男性至上的霸道著裝要求铺浇。女性在上班時總是迫于壓力不得不穿得性感一點痢畜，這種壓力或出于明文規(guī)定，或出于潛在規(guī)則随抠，可能合法裁着，也可能并不合法。
It’s a kind of chauvinistic laziness — an easy (and gratuitous) way to keep sex in the mix. Never mind that the flight attendants may have preferred comfort, elegance and dignity to styling that came perilously close over the years to Mile-High Barbie. On and off ground, airline staff have a big job to do — safeguarding the wellbeing and security of passengers. As with all work environments, if men aren’t required to totter about in heels, why on earth are women?
這是一種男性沙文主義的懶惰——輕而易舉（而且分文不出）就能（讓機艙里）保留性感元素拱她。撇開不談空乘人員可能更愿選擇舒適二驰、優(yōu)雅和尊嚴，而不是多年來無限接近高空芭比娃娃的造型秉沼。無論在地面還是在空中桶雀，航空公司的工作人員都肩負著一項重要任務——保證乘客的舒適和安全。就像所有的工作環(huán)境一樣唬复，如果男性不被規(guī)定要穿著高跟鞋搖搖晃晃地四處走動矗积，那究竟為什么女性就要穿高跟鞋呢？
重點詞匯
keen
/ki?n/
adj. 非常有興趣的敞咧，對某事著迷的
英文釋義：very interested
搭配短語：keen on sth.
flight attendant
空乘人員
相關(guān)詞匯：stewardess; air hostess
heel
/hi?l/
n. 腳跟棘捣；鞋跟
相關(guān)詞匯：heels（n. 高跟鞋）
heels 相關(guān)詞匯：low-heels；high-heels
mortifying
/?m??rt?fa???/
adj. 使人難為情的休建，令人尷尬的
搭配短語：a mortifying experience
例句：How mortifying to find that he was right.
steward
/?stu??rd/
n.（飛機的）乘務員
follow suit
仿效
英文釋義：to follow the example set
例句：When one store reduces its prices of products, the rest usually follow suit.
see off
目送（某人）乍恐；打敗，停止
搭配短語：see sb. off
英文釋義：to defeat or stop
搭配短語：see off the enemy
oversexualised
/?o?v?r?sek?u?la?zd/
adj. 過度性化的
相關(guān)詞匯：sexualise（v. 性化）
cliche
/kli???e?/
n. 陳詞濫調(diào)测砂，老生常談
英文釋義：sth. that has become overly familiar or commonplace
例句：It's a cliche but it is believed that the wedding day is the happiest day of our life.
chauvinistic
/??o?v??n?st?k/
adj. 沙文主義的
近義詞：chauvinist（adj. 大男子主義的）
grooming
/?ɡru?m??/
n.（人的）打扮茵烈，裝束
搭配短語：grooming policy
diktat
/d?k?t?t/
n. 勒令，死命令
quasi-
/?kwɑ?zi/
(in adj. and n.) 類似……砌些，準……
相關(guān)詞匯：quasi-official（adj. 準官方的呜投，半官方的）
gratuitous
/ɡr??tu??t?s/
adj. 無償?shù)模赓M的
perilously
/?per?l?sli/
adv. 危險地
例句：We came perilously close to the accident.
totter
/?tɑ?t?r/
v. 跌跌撞撞
why on earth
究竟為什么
相關(guān)表達：how, what, where, who on earth...
例句：How on earth did this happen?
例句：Why on earth didn't you tell me before?
補充詞匯知識
produce
v. 拿出、出示某物（以供檢查或者供別人使用）
英文釋義：show sth or offer sth
例句：To rent a car, you have to produce a passport and a driving licence.
strike
v. 突然襲擊
搭配短語：strike down
例句：I was struck down by flu and had to take a few days off.
stewardess
n. 女性空乘人員仑荐；空中小姐
同義詞： air hostess
makeup
n. 化妝品
false eyelashes
n. 假睫毛
ring
v. 給…打電話
rulebook
n. 規(guī)則手冊
ditch
v. 拋棄雕拼，丟棄
it seems that…
看起來是……
例句：It seems that he is a bit angry.
when it comes to + 名詞或動名詞
一談到，一提及……
近義詞：referring to释漆；talking about
routinely
adv. 日常地悲没，常規(guī)地
be pressured to
被強迫，被催促
a kind of something
用來表示對某事或者某物的描述是不準確的
例句：I had a kind of feeling this might happen.
in the mix
英文釋義：in the situation
Never mind that
別想它男图，先別管
prefer sth to sth
比起什么更喜歡什么
styling
n. 造型
safeguard
v. 保護示姿，保衛(wèi)
長難句解析
Never mind that the flight attendants may have preferred comfort, elegance and dignity to styling that came perilously close over the years to Mile-High Barbie.
撇開不談空乘人員可能更愿選擇舒適、優(yōu)雅和尊嚴逊笆，而不是多年來無限接近高空芭比娃娃的造型栈戳。
Never mind that 表示“先不管”某事，后面 that 引導了一個賓語從句 the flight attendants may have preferred comfort, elegance and dignity to styling难裆，這里包含了一個 prefer A to B 的結(jié)構(gòu)子檀。styling 后面又嵌套了一個 that 引導的 定語從句，用來修飾 styling乃戈。在這個定語從句中褂痰，插入語 over the years 是時間狀語前置，把它拿掉症虑，可以看到主干就是 that came perilously close to Mile-High Barbie缩歪。
學習資源
推薦的查音標網(wǎng)站：
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com（牛津?qū)W習者詞典）
一句話總結(jié)新聞
本期《衛(wèi)報》的這篇新聞，是針對挪威航空公司最新出臺的一系列衣著裝扮規(guī)范進行的評論文章谍憔。作者不僅指出這些裝扮規(guī)定在如今社會的荒謬和過時性匪蝙，還進一步剖析了各行各業(yè)的性化女性的問題。
拓展閱讀
sexualization 性化
sexualization（或 sexualisation）性化习贫，這個詞被創(chuàng)造于 1975 年逛球，一開始對這個術(shù)語的討論聚焦于年輕女孩在現(xiàn)代文化中被性化的問題。 2008 年苫昌，美國心理學協(xié)會（APA）對 sexualization 進行了權(quán)威的定義颤绕，表示性化是通過物化、過分重視或強調(diào)一個人的外貌和/或性行為祟身，等等屋厘，來借此使人意識到一個人的性特征。判斷一個人的價值僅僅通過 ta 的性吸引力的外表或行為月而，也是一種性化。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)议纯，女性相比男性父款，被以性的方式所表現(xiàn)的頻率更高（例如身穿袒胸露背的衣裳、展現(xiàn)妖嬈動人的胴體或擺出性暗示的表情），被物化的頻率也更高（例如被當成裝飾品憨攒、或僅展現(xiàn)身體的特定部位而非整個人）世杀。很多調(diào)查研究表明，性化對于女孩的認知發(fā)展肝集、身心靈健康都有不良影響瞻坝。越多接觸主流媒體，女生越容易認同媒體塑造的對于女性的狹隘審美標準杏瞻，由此可能導致對自己的身材不滿所刀、食欲不振、缺乏自信心和抑郁等癥狀捞挥。
