iOS開發(fā)經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到讀文件忌警，寫文件等搁拙，對(duì)文件和文件夾的操作秒梳，這時(shí)就可以使用FileManager，F(xiàn)ileHandle等類來實(shí)現(xiàn)箕速。下面總結(jié)了各種常用的操作：
1酪碘，遍歷一個(gè)目錄下的所有文件
假設(shè)用戶文檔下有如下文件和文件夾：test1.txt、fold1/test2.txt
（1）首先我們獲取用戶文檔目錄路徑
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
print(url)
（2）對(duì)指定路徑執(zhí)行淺搜索盐茎，返回指定目錄路徑下的文件兴垦、子目錄及符號(hào)鏈接的列表
let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: url.path)
print("contentsOfPath: \(contentsOfPath)")
（3）類似上面的，對(duì)指定路徑執(zhí)行淺搜索字柠，返回指定目錄路徑下的文件探越、子目錄及符號(hào)鏈接的列表
let contentsOfURL = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(at: url,includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles)
print("contentsOfURL: \(contentsOfURL)")
（4）深度遍歷，會(huì)遞歸遍歷子文件夾（但不會(huì)遞歸符號(hào)鏈接）
let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumerator(atPath: url.path)
print("enumeratorAtPath: \(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)")
（5）類似上面的窑业，深度遍歷钦幔，會(huì)遞歸遍歷子文件夾（但不會(huì)遞歸符號(hào)鏈接）
let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumerator(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil,
options: .skipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler:nil)
print("enumeratorAtURL: \(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)")
（6）深度遍歷，會(huì)遞歸遍歷子文件夾（包括符號(hào)鏈接常柄，所以要求性能的話用enumeratorAtPath）
let subPaths = manager.subpaths(atPath: url.path)
print("subPaths: \(subPaths)")
2鲤氢，判斷文件或文件夾是否存在
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let exist = fileManager.fileExists(atPath: filePath)
3，創(chuàng)建文件夾
方式1：
let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFolder/Files"
let fileManager = FileManager.default
//withIntermediateDirectories為ture表示路徑中間如果有不存在的文件夾都會(huì)創(chuàng)建
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory,
withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
方式2：
func createFolder(name:String,baseUrl:NSURL){
let manager = FileManager.default
let folder = baseUrl.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
print("文件夾: \(folder)")
let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: folder!.path)
if !exist {
try! manager.createDirectory(at: folder!, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
attributes: nil)
}
}
//在文檔目錄下新建folder目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
createFolder(name: "folder", baseUrl: url)
4西潘，將對(duì)象寫入文件
可以通過write(to:)方法卷玉，可以創(chuàng)建文件并將對(duì)象寫入，對(duì)象包括String喷市，NSString相种，UIImage，NSArray品姓，NSDictionary等寝并。
（1）把String保存到文件
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let info = "歡迎來到hange.com"
try! info.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
（2）把圖片保存到文件路徑下
let filePath = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.png"
let image = UIImage(named: "apple.png")
let data:Data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image!)!
try? data.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: filePath))
（3）把NSArray保存到文件路徑下
let array = NSArray(objects: "aaa","bbb","ccc")
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
array.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true)
（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路徑下
let dictionary:NSDictionary = ["Gold": "1st Place", "Silver": "2nd Place"]
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
dictionary.write(toFile: filePath, atomically: true)
5，創(chuàng)建文件
func createFile(name:String, fileBaseUrl:URL){
let manager = FileManager.default
let file = fileBaseUrl.appendingPathComponent(name)
print("文件: \(file)")
let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: file.path)
if !exist {
let data = Data(base64Encoded:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:.ignoreUnknownCharacters)
let createSuccess = manager.createFile(atPath: file.path,contents:data,attributes:nil)
print("文件創(chuàng)建結(jié)果: \(createSuccess)")
}
}
//在文檔目錄下新建test.txt文件
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory,
in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
createFile(name:"test.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
//createFile(name: "folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
6缭黔，復(fù)制文件
（1）方法1
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
try! fileManager.copyItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)
######（2）方法2
// 定位到用戶文檔目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
// 將test.txt文件拷貝到文檔目錄根目錄下的copyed.txt文件
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
try! manager.copyItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)
7食茎，移動(dòng)文件
（1）方法1
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.moveItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)
（2）方法2
>// 定位到用戶文檔目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 移動(dòng)srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt）
try! manager.moveItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)
8，刪除文件
######（1）方法1
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: srcUrl)
######（2）方法2
>// 定位到用戶文檔目錄
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0]
let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 刪除文檔根目錄下的toUrl路徑的文件（copyed.txt文件）
try! manager.removeItem(at: toUrl)
9馏谨，刪除目錄下所有的文件
######（1）方法1：獲取所有文件别渔，然后遍歷刪除
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray = fileManager.subpaths(atPath: myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory + "/\(fn)")
}
######（2）方法2：刪除目錄后重新創(chuàng)建該目錄
let fileManager = FileManager.default
let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItem(atPath: myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
attributes: nil)
10，讀取文件
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
//方法1
let readHandler = try! FileHandle(forReadingFrom:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件內(nèi)容: \(readString)")
>
//方法2
let data2 = manager.contents(atPath: file.path)
let readString2 = String(data: data2!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print("文件內(nèi)容: \(readString2)")
11惧互，在任意位置寫入數(shù)據(jù)
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.urls(for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾"
let appendedData = string.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
let writeHandler = try? FileHandle(forWritingTo:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.write(appendedData!)
12哎媚，文件權(quán)限判斷
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let readable = manager.isReadableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可讀: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可寫: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可執(zhí)行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFile(atPath: file.path)
print("可刪除: \(deleteable)")
13，獲取文件屬性（創(chuàng)建時(shí)間喊儡，修改時(shí)間拨与，文件大小，文件類型等信息）
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItem(atPath: file.path) //結(jié)果為Dictionary類型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")
[](http://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_527.html#)
從 attributes 中獲取具體的屬性：
print("創(chuàng)建時(shí)間：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.creationDate]!)")
print("修改時(shí)間：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.modificationDate]!)")
print("文件大邪隆：\(attributes![FileAttributeKey.size]!)")
14买喧，文件/文件夾比較
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)
let docPath = urlForDocument[0]
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: docPath.path)
//下面比較用戶文檔中前面兩個(gè)文件是否內(nèi)容相同（該方法也可以用來比較目錄）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
let path1 = docPath.path + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
let path2 = docPath.path + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
let equal = manager.contentsEqual(atPath: path1,andPath:path2)
print("path1：\(path1)")
print("path2：\(path2)")
print("比較結(jié)果： \(equal)")
我不是代碼的生產(chǎn)者捻悯，我是代碼的搬運(yùn)工。
原文出自：www.hangge.com 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)保留原文鏈接：http://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_527.html
