“精神”一詞在我們國家的公文里十分常見廓啊,但很少是以spirit的樣子出現(xiàn)的羽圃。更不可能是spiritual乾胶。因?yàn)閟piritual有點(diǎn)relating to religions……
“精神”在許多時(shí)候要轉(zhuǎn)譯,也就是根據(jù)語境做轉(zhuǎn)換朽寞,翻譯為其他具體的名詞胚吁;不能簡單籠統(tǒng)地直譯為spirit。
以下例句均出自十九大報(bào)告愁憔。
“精神”一詞經(jīng)常與其他名詞搭配使用,“精神”作為“綠葉”一樣的搭配詞孽拷,翻譯重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在另一個(gè)名詞上吨掌。比如:
全黨要深刻領(lǐng)會新時(shí)代中國特色社會主義思想的精神實(shí)質(zhì)和豐富內(nèi)涵,在各項(xiàng)工作中全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹落實(shí)。
Everyone in the Party should develop a good grasp of the?essence?and rich implications of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully and faithfully apply it in all our work.
“精神實(shí)質(zhì)”取“實(shí)質(zhì)”作為翻譯重點(diǎn)膜宋,“精神”不譯窿侈。
激發(fā)和保護(hù)企業(yè)家精神,鼓勵(lì)更多社會主體投身創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)秋茫。
We will inspire and protect?entrepreneurship, and encourage more entities to make innovations and start businesses.
“企業(yè)家精神”應(yīng)該視為一個(gè)整體翻譯為entrepreneurship史简,而不是“企業(yè)家”+“精神”。類似的還有“工匠精神”workmanship肛著,“運(yùn)動員精神”sportsmanship圆兵。
中國特色社會主義文化是激勵(lì)全黨全國各族人民奮勇前進(jìn)的強(qiáng)大精神力量。
The culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a powerful source of?strength?that inspires all members of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.
“精神力量”側(cè)重“力量”枢贿,“精神”不需要直譯殉农。
在一些語境中,如果用“發(fā)揮……的精神”號召大家行動起來局荚,此時(shí)的“精神”也可以不譯超凳,將重點(diǎn)放在“精神”的內(nèi)容上,也就是翻譯為動詞should/must do sth.
以時(shí)不我待耀态、只爭朝夕的精神轮傍,奮力走好新時(shí)代的長征路
lose no time in progressing along the long march of the new era?
“精神”不譯,將重點(diǎn)放在“精神”的內(nèi)容“時(shí)不我待首装、只爭朝夕”上创夜。
全黨要發(fā)揚(yáng)斗爭精神,提高斗爭本領(lǐng)簿盅,不斷奪取偉大斗爭新勝利
Every Party member must?be ready to fight, build our ability, and keep striving to secure new victories in this great struggle
也可以將“精神”轉(zhuǎn)譯為符合語境的其他詞挥下,比如:
為人民提供精神指引
provide a source of?cultural and moral?guidance for our people
“精神”轉(zhuǎn)譯為“文化與道德”cultural and moral。
將“精神”轉(zhuǎn)譯為“文化”的還常見于“精神食糧”cultural nourishment, needs of cultural recreation桨醋,也可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為“智力”intellectural nourishment, nourishments for the mind比如:
滿足人民過上美好生活的新期待棚瘟,必須提供豐富的精神食糧
To meet the people's new aspirations for a better life, we must provide them with rich?intellectual/cultural?nourishment.
弘揚(yáng)民族精神和時(shí)代精神
foster a Chinese?ethos?and?a readiness to?respond to the call of our times
ethos的英文解釋是:the set of ideas and moral attitudes that are typical of a particular group〔某團(tuán)體的〕精神特質(zhì),道德意識喜最,與此處的“民族”十分契合偎蘸。
“民族精神”也可譯為national character
“弘揚(yáng)時(shí)代精神”要理解為“積極響應(yīng)時(shí)代召喚”,與上一條中的“發(fā)揚(yáng)斗爭精神”一樣瞬内,理解為be ready to迷雪,此處用名詞形式a readiness to respond to the call of our times。
還有一些“精神”是作為專有名詞的一部分出現(xiàn)的虫蝶,有著約定俗成的譯法章咧,一般是“指導(dǎo)原則、方針”能真,比如:
貫徹十八大精神
put?the guiding principels from our 18th National Congress into action
XX同志重要講話精神
the guiding principles?of ...'s important speeches
本系列未完待續(xù)赁严。