English learning notes

English review

as as 的用法

直接加形容詞或者副詞
He’s as old as she [her]. 他年紀(jì)跟她一樣大。
You love him as much as I (=as I love him). 你愛他像我愛他一樣今布。
Your room is as large as mine.
如果涉及數(shù)量或程度可用：as much+ (不可數(shù)名詞+) as / as many+ (可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+) as抹镊。如：
You must speak English as much as possible. 你必須盡可能地多說英語。
You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的錯(cuò)誤和我犯的一樣多馏锡。
nearly, almost, just, exactly, half, quite, twice, three times等刻蟹，請注意這些修飾語都只能放在as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)之前
This rope is twice as long as that one. 這根繩子比那根長一倍蒋腮。

否定句可以將第一個(gè)as改成so
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如他弟弟努力淘捡。

as…as結(jié)構(gòu)在一定的上下文中可以用其省略結(jié)構(gòu)(即省去其中的一個(gè) as)藕各。如：
She’s clever, but her brother is just as clever. 她很聰明池摧，但她兄弟也一樣聰明。
The woman married a man poor as herself. 這個(gè)女人嫁給了一個(gè)與她一樣窮的男人激况。

定語從句：充當(dāng)形容詞

She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer
There comes a time when you have to make a choice.
This is the village where he was born.
Anyone who spits in public will be punished here.（anyone who可以用“Whoever”代替）

名詞性從句：充當(dāng)名詞

主語從句
Who will be the president is still unknown.
It doesn’t matter whether you leave or stay.
賓語從句
I want to know what he said.
I would appreciate it if you could take my son.
表語從句
China is what she used to be no longer.
One reason is that we are in traffic jam.
同位語從句
The fact that he is the murder is clear.
I make a promise that I will try my best next year.

狀語從句：充當(dāng)副詞

時(shí)間狀語從句
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.
You should have put the book where you found it.
比較狀語從句
Your house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine.
原因狀語從句
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
條件狀語從句
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
目的狀語從句
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose so that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
讓步狀語從句
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
方式狀語從句
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
結(jié)果狀語從句
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

參考鏈接

動(dòng)詞不定式

主語+謂語+賓語（動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語）
I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔作彤。

主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)）
Father will not allow us to play on the street.

主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語（動(dòng)詞不定式做表語）
My work is to clean the room every day.

主語+謂語+賓語（動(dòng)詞不定式做定語）
I have a lot of work to do.

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見

動(dòng)詞不定式(省略to)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 I can do.
感官動(dòng)詞 I saw him dance.
使役動(dòng)詞 I let her go.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式乌逐，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)竭讳，to 不可省略。

so as to 的特殊句型
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

why not 特殊句型后街動(dòng)詞原形
Why not take a holiday?

so kind as to 勞煩浙踢，勞駕的意思
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

分詞

分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞（ing形式）與過去分詞（ed形式）
具有形容詞功能绢慢，同時(shí)又表現(xiàn)各種動(dòng)詞性特點(diǎn)。

分詞做定語（前置與后置）
We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker.　他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there.　有個(gè)女孩坐在那里
This is the question given.　　這是所給的問題

動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞洛波，所以在句子中可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞峙c名詞類似胰舆，即主要充當(dāng)主語、賓語蹬挤、表語等成分缚窿。而現(xiàn)在分詞的作用類似于副詞和形容詞，在句子主要充當(dāng)狀語焰扳、定語倦零、補(bǔ)語、表語等吨悍。

動(dòng)名詞

Singing and reading are my favorite hobbies.

About 9.2 million students were awarded a total of 25 billion yuan worth of scholarships in 2018, which took up 21.8 percent of all the subsidies.

虛擬語氣

現(xiàn)在
條件句中的謂語用過去式扫茅，主句的謂語為 would/might/could + 動(dòng)詞原形。（注意當(dāng)條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞為be 時(shí)育瓜，要用 were, 包括主語是第一人稱的時(shí)候葫隙。但如果主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞可以用was爆雹。）
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話停蕉，他會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。
If I were you, I would go. 假如我是你钙态，我會(huì)去的慧起。
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我?guī)уX了，我就會(huì)借給你些册倒。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話蚓挤，我們就出去野餐了。
If he was here, he might be able to help you. 如果他在這里，他就能夠幫助你了灿意。
將來
條件句中有時(shí)可以用 were to + 不定式或 should + 不定式估灿。
If it were to snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. 如果明天下雪，許多莊稼都會(huì)凍死缤剧。
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話馅袁，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話荒辕，他就會(huì)充分利用他的時(shí)間了汗销。
If Tom should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果湯姆明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?/p>

條件句中有時(shí)可以用 If it were not for 句式抵窒。意思為 “若不是”弛针。

If it were not for his help, we would be working now. 要不是有他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢李皇。
If it weren't for the Internet, everything would be very difficult. 要不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)削茁，一切都會(huì)變得很難。
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 要不是費(fèi)用的問題掉房，我會(huì)去英國茧跋。

if 有時(shí)可以省略，改用倒裝語序圃阳。

Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你處在我的位置厌衔，你也會(huì)那樣做的。
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我能年輕十歲的話捍岳，我會(huì)去國外學(xué)習(xí)富寿。
Should they attack us, we would wipe them out completely. 假如他們攻擊我們，我們就把他們徹底消滅干凈锣夹。
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話页徐，我們就派他去。
過去
條件句中的謂語用過去完成時(shí)银萍，主句的謂語為 would/might/could/should + have + 過去分詞变勇。
She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是當(dāng)初她被要求的話，她就會(huì)去參加這次聚會(huì)了贴唇。
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn't have finished work so easily. 要不是你的幫忙搀绣，我的工作不會(huì)這么容易完成。
Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 假如沒有你的幫助戳气，我就失敗了链患。
Had she learned about computers, we would have hired her to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘請她來這里工作了瓶您。
錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我對(duì)他說了麻捻，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了纲仍。
If it had not been for the doctor's care, the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料，這個(gè)女孩現(xiàn)在就
If he hadn't been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly. 如果不是他這些年來一直努力工作贸毕，事情就不會(huì)發(fā)展得這么順利了郑叠。

時(shí)態(tài)

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過去時(shí)
I worked at this company three years ago.
I was working at this company at this time last night.
I had worked at this company by the end of last year.
I had been working at this company before I found the second job.
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
I work at this company.
I am working at this company.
I have worked at this company for three years.
I have been working at this company since I graduated from university.
將來時(shí)
I will work at this company about three months later.
I will be working at this company when you graduate from university.
I will have worked at this company for ten years when I retire.
I will have been working at this company for three years when I am in the 30s.
過去將來時(shí)
I would work at this company, he said When he was a child.
I would be working at this company when you come to see me, he told me last day.
I would have worked at this company by then, he said.
I would have been working at this company for ten years by the end of last month, he told me.