In pursuing my goals I encountered realities, often in the form of problems, and I had to make decisions. I found that if I accepted the realities rather than wished that they didn’t exist and if I learned how to work with them rather than fight them, I could figure out how to get to my goals. It might take repeated tries, and seeking the input of others, but I could eventually get there. As a result, I have become someone who believes that we need to deeply understand, accept, and work with reality in order to get what we want out of life. Whether it is knowing how peoplereallythink and behave when dealing with them, or how thingsreallywork on a material level—so that if we do X then Y will happen—understanding reality gives us the power to get what we want out of life, or at least to dramatically improve our odds of success. In other words, I have become a “hyperrealist.”
追求夢想的征途中，我與現(xiàn)實中遇到的問題激烈碰撞销部，不得不做出各種決策缴饭。我發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其整日幻想這些問題不存在或與之抗爭，還不如實事求是萨蚕，尋找解決方案靶草，這樣倒能更快找到實現(xiàn)目標的路≡酪＃可能要反復嘗試奕翔，汲取他人智慧，但最終總能實現(xiàn)夢想浩蓉。久而久之派继，我深信要理解現(xiàn)實，接受現(xiàn)實捻艳，與現(xiàn)實合作驾窟，尋找解決辦法，才能實現(xiàn)夢想认轨。無論是了解他人的真實想法與行為绅络，還是事物在物質層面的真實原理，如我們做甲那么乙就會發(fā)生嘁字，理解現(xiàn)實都會賦予我們力量恩急，助我們實現(xiàn)夢想，至少可以提高成功的幾率纪蜒。換句話說衷恭，我成了一名“高度寫實主義者”。
When I say I’m a hyperrealist, people sometimes think I don’t believe in making dreams happen. This couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, I believe that without pursuing dreams, life is mundane. I am just saying that I believe hyperrealism is the best way to choose and achieve one’s dreams. The people who really change the world are the ones who see what’s possible and figure out how to make that happen. I believe that dreamers who simply imagine things that would be nice but are not possible don’t sufficiently appreciate the laws of the universe to understand the true implications of their desires, much less how to achieve them
提到“高度寫實主義者”纯续，就有人以為我不相信夢想可以變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實随珠，恰恰相反，事實上杆烁，我認為生活沒有夢想是寡然無味的牙丽。我強調的是，選擇夢想與實現(xiàn)夢想兔魂，通過高度寫實主義是最好的辦法烤芦。真正改變世界的人，能發(fā)現(xiàn)什么夢想是有可能實現(xiàn)的析校，并能指出可行之道构罗。而真正的空想家成天幻想一些不切實際的美好事物，不考慮宇宙規(guī)則智玻，無法深刻理解自身愿望的真實內涵遂唧，更別提實現(xiàn)他們的想法了。
Let me explain what I mean.
我來解釋一下：
I believe there are an infinite number of laws of the universe and that all progress or dreams achieved come from operating in a way that’s consistent with them. These laws and the principles of how to operate in harmony with them have always existed. We were given these laws by nature. Man didn’t and can’t make them up. He can only hope to understand them and use them to get what he wants. For example, the ability to fly or to send cellular phone signals imperceptibly and instantaneously around the world or any other new and beneficial developments resulted from understanding and using previously existing laws of the universe. These inventions did not come from people who were not well-grounded in reality. 17The same is true for economic, political, and social systems that work. Success is achieved by people who deeply understand reality and know how to use it to get what they want. The converse is also true: idealists who are not well-grounded in reality create problems, not progress. For example, communism was a system created by people with good intentions who failed to recognize that their idealistic system was inconsistent with human nature. As a result, they caused more harm than good.
我認為宇宙擁有無限多規(guī)則吊奢，實現(xiàn)一切夢想與進步都得遵循這些規(guī)則盖彭，如何遵循也是有定律有原則可循的，這些定律一直都存在，不是人為制定的召边。人們只能理解并用好這些規(guī)則實現(xiàn)夢想铺呵。舉個例子吧，想飛翔隧熙，想在全球發(fā)射即時微感的手機訊號或別的什么有利于發(fā)展的新發(fā)明片挂，都得深刻理解宇宙已經存在的基本規(guī)律。不腳踏實地贞盯、實事求是的人是無法創(chuàng)造發(fā)明新事物的音念。制定經濟、政治躏敢、社會新制度也是如此闷愤。實事求是，基于現(xiàn)實來實現(xiàn)夢想父丰，才能成功肝谭。反之亦然：不腳踏實地實事求是的理想主義者只會制造麻煩掘宪，而不會帶來進步蛾扇。舉例來說，創(chuàng)造共產主義的人初衷是好的魏滚，但沒意識到他們設想的理想體制同人類的本性是不相符的镀首，所以他們帶來的麻煩比好處要多。
I recognize that sometimes a discovery is made by accident, but the discovery is of some basic underlying principle that creates understanding of a cause-effect relationship that leads to a desired result.
我認為有時候鼠次，一項新的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是偶然事件更哄，但新的發(fā)現(xiàn)都具備基本的潛在原則，這些原則建立了因果關系腥寇，相應的結果也就順理成章了成翩。
This brings me to my most fundamental principle:
這就引出了我想談的最根本原則：
Truth — more precisely, an accurate understanding of reality — is the essential foundation for producing good outcomes.
真相 —— 具體來說，就是精準理解現(xiàn)實 —— 這是達成良好結果的最重要根基赦役。
While I spend the most time studying how the realities that affect me most work—i.e., those that drive the markets and the people I deal with—I also love to study nature to try to figure out how it works because, to me, nature is both beautiful and practical.
我大部分時間都在研究現(xiàn)實如何影響我的工作麻敌，比如說驅動市場的要素，如何與人打交道掂摔，其實我也愛研究自然規(guī)律术羔，我覺得大自然美麗而現(xiàn)實。
Its perfection and brilliance staggers me. When I think about all the flying machines, swimming machines, and billions of other systems that nature created, from the microscopic level to the cosmic level, and how they interact with one another to make a workable whole that evolves through time and through multi-dimensions, my breath is taken away. It seems to me that, in relation to nature, man has the intelligence of a mold growing on an apple—man can’t even make a mosquito, let alone scratch the surface of understanding the universe.
大自然完美絢麗乙漓，令我驚嘆级历。天上飛的，水里游的叭披，千姿百態(tài)都是大自然創(chuàng)造的寥殖。從微觀層面到宇宙宏觀，世界萬物相互聯(lián)系，構成和諧運轉的整體嚼贡，隨時間推移锋边，層層演進，我驚嘆得無法呼吸编曼。同大自然相比豆巨，人類的智慧充其量也就蘋果上的一小塊霉斑，人類連只蚊子都沒創(chuàng)造掐场，更別說理解宇宙了往扔，最多也就能知道點皮毛。
Though how nature works is way beyond man’s ability to comprehend, I have found that observing how nature works offers innumerable lessons that can help us understand the realities that affect us. That is because, though man is unique, he is part of nature and subject to most of the same laws of nature that affect other species.
大自然的運行規(guī)律熊户，人類是難以完全理解的萍膛，但觀察自然，能學到不少東西嚷堡，有益于我們理解身邊的現(xiàn)實蝗罗。因為每個人雖是獨立個體，但都是自然的一部分蝌戒，受制于大自然支配一切物種的普遍規(guī)律串塑。
For example, I have found that by looking at what is rewarded and punished, and why, universally—i.e., in nature as well as in humanity—I have been able to learn more about what is “good” and “bad” than by listening to most people’s views about good and bad. It seems to me that what most people call “good” and “bad” typically reflects their particular group’s preferences: the Taliban’s definitions are different than Americans’, which are different than others’—and within each group there are differences and they are intended to paint a picture of the world the way they’d like it to be rather than the way it really is. So there are many different takes on what is good and bad that each group uses to call others “bad” and themselves “good,” some of which are practical and others of which are impractical. Yet all of them, and everything else, are subject to the same laws of nature–i.e., I believe that we all get rewarded and punished according to whether we operate in harmony or in conflict with nature’s laws, and that all societies will succeed or fail in the degrees that they operate consistently with these laws.
舉例來說，我們看看獎懲之道吧北苟，大自然和人類是一樣的桩匪，在這點上，我更能分辨好與壞友鼻，而不是隨大流聽別人的觀點妈候。我認為大多數(shù)人對好與壞的區(qū)分都是基于個人喜惡崔泵，塔利班和美國人對好與壞的定義就截然不同瘸右，對別的群體亦是如此蒸痹。每個群體對好與壞的定義都不盡相同，都是基于自身期望虫碉，而非事實本身贾惦。每個群體對什么是好，什么是壞都有不同觀點蔗衡，有些切合實際纤虽，有些不然，即便世間萬物都受制于同樣的自然規(guī)律绞惦。我們獲得獎勵逼纸，還是得到懲罰，都取決于我們是符合自然規(guī)律济蝉，還是違背自然規(guī)律杰刽。所有社會群體成功與否菠发，都取決于同自然規(guī)律相和諧的程度。
This perspective gives me a non-traditional sense of good and bad: “good,” to me, means operating consistently with the natural laws, while “bad” means operating inconsistently with these laws. In other words, for something to be “good” it must be grounded in reality. And if something is in conflict with reality—for example, if morality is in conflict with reality—it is “bad,” i.e., it will not produce good outcomes.
這種觀點與傳統(tǒng)意義上的好與壞不太一樣贺嫂，對我來說滓鸠，符合自然規(guī)律的就是好的，不符合自然規(guī)律的就是不好的第喳。也就是說糜俗，好的事情必須是基于現(xiàn)實規(guī)律的，如果一件事情同現(xiàn)實規(guī)律相沖突曲饱，比如道德如果和現(xiàn)實相沖突悠抹，那就是壞的，就不會產生有益結果扩淀。
In other words, I believe that understanding what is good is obtained by looking at the way the world works and figuring out how to operate in harmony with it to help it (and yourself) evolve. But it is not obvious, and it is sometimes difficult to accept.
也就是說楔敌，判斷事情是不是好的，要從大局看世界運行規(guī)律驻谆，指出如何與之相符合卵凑，進而使這件事（或你自己）獲得發(fā)展。不過這種判斷不好做胜臊，依據過于模糊勺卢，有時甚至讓人難以接受。
For example, when a pack of hyenas takes down a young wildebeest, is this good or bad? At face value, this seems terrible; the poor wildebeest suffers and dies. Some people might even say that the hyenas are evil. Yet this type of apparently evil behavior exists throughout nature through all species and was created by nature, which is much smarter than I am, so before I jump to pronouncing it evil, I need to try to see if it might be good. When I think about it, like death itself, this behavior is integral to the enormously complex and efficient system that has worked for as long as there has been life. And when I think of the second- and third- order consequences, it becomes obvious that this behavior is good for both the hyenas, who are operating in their self-interest, and in the interests of the greater system, which includes the wildebeest, because killing and eating the wildebeest fosters evolution, i.e., the natural process of improvement. In fact, if I changed anything about the way that dynamic works, the overall outcome would be worse.
例如区端，一群土狼攻擊一只羚羊值漫，是好是壞？表面上看织盼，這可糟透了，可憐的羚羊遭受痛苦而亡酱塔。有人會斥責說這群土狼真是太可惡了沥邻，可這種他們稱為可惡的行為卻在所有物種間無處不在，這是大自然創(chuàng)造的行為羊娃，這可比我聰明多了唐全。我跳出來說這種行為多邪惡前我會想，這件事可能不是壞事蕊玷。就死亡本身來看邮利，是龐大、復雜垃帅、高效運轉的大自然系統(tǒng)中的一部分延届，這種系統(tǒng)自世界上存在生命以來就存在了。再從生物圈的二贸诚、三級效應來看方庭，顯然這種行為有利于土狼群體厕吉，以及更大的生物圈。同時械念，也有利于羚羊本身头朱，因為土狼捕食羚羊有利于羚羊進化，這是物種自身進化的自然過程龄减。整個自然動態(tài)體系中有任何變動项钮，結果都可能會更糟糕。
I believe that evolution, which is the natural movement toward better adaptation, is the greatest single force in the universe, and that it is good.Itaffects the changes of everything from all speciesto the entire solar system. It is good because evolution is the process of adaptation that leads to improvement. So, based on how I observe both nature and humanity working, I believe that what is bad and most punished are those things that don’t work because they are at odds with the laws of the universe and they impede evolution.
我認為希停，生物進化是大自然的正臣淖荩活動，幫助生物更好地適應大自然脖苏，是宇宙最強大的一股力量程拭，所以生物進化是好事情。生物進化影響著所有物種棍潘，甚至影響太陽系恃鞋。生物進化是好事情，因為這是讓生物更適應大自然的過程亦歉，能夠改善物種本身恤浪。基于我對自然與人類的觀察肴楷，我認為那些不好的水由、受懲罰的事情都是因為與宇宙規(guī)律相違背，影響了生物進化赛蔫。
In fact, it appears to me that everything other than evolution eventually disintegrates and that we all are, and everything else is, vehicles for evolution.
事實上砂客，我覺得似乎除了進化本身之外，其他一切事物都會最終瓦解呵恢。我們和其他所有東西都只是進化的工具鞠值。
I believe that the desire to evolve, i.e., to get better, is probably humanity’s most pervasive driving force.Enjoying your job, a craft, or your favorite sport comes from the innate satisfaction of getting better.Though most people typically think that they are striving to get things (e.g., toys, better houses, money, status, etc.) that will make them happy, that is not usually the case. Instead, when we get the things we are striving for, we rarely remain satisfied.It is natural for us to seek other things or to seek to make the things we have better. In the process of this seeking, we continue to evolve and we contribute to the evolution of all that we have contact with. The things we are striving for are just the bait to get us to chase after them in order to make us evolve, and it is the evolution and not the reward itself that matters to us and those around us.
渴望進化，渴望變得更好渗钉，也許是人類最普遍的驅動力彤恶。喜歡你的工作，欣賞一件工藝品鳄橘，熱愛一項體育運動声离，都是源自內心對更好生活的向往。盡管大多數(shù)人都覺得為實現(xiàn)夢想而苦苦掙扎瘫怜，比如想要玩具术徊，更好的住房，賺錢宝磨，名望等等弧关，認為實現(xiàn)這些夢想就能開心盅安。事實上并非如此，當我們努力實現(xiàn)了夢想后世囊，人們很少會知足别瞭。我們會有新的目標，或想改善我們擁有的東西株憾，這都是很正常的蝙寨。追尋夢想的過程中，我們不斷成長嗤瞎，也促使我們接觸的人與事成長墙歪。我們想實現(xiàn)的夢想只是個誘餌，促使我們在實現(xiàn)之后去追求更多夢想贝奇，促使我們成長虹菲。和實現(xiàn)的那些夢想比起來，成長本身對我們和周圍的人才是最有意義的掉瞳。
Of course, we are often satisfied with the same things – relationships, careers, etc.—but when that is the case, it is typically because we are getting new enjoyments from the new dimensions of these things.
當然我們經常會因為同樣的事情而感到滿足：人際關系毕源，事業(yè)等等。但一般那也是因為我們從這些東西中獲得新角度陕习，得到了新的愉悅體驗霎褐。
It is natural that it should be this way—i.e., that our lives are not satisfied by obtaining our goals rather than by striving for them—because of the law of diminishing returns.For example, suppose making a lot of money is your goal and suppose you make enough so that making more has no marginal utility. Then it would be foolish to continue to have making money be your goal. People who acquire things beyond their usefulness not only will derive little or no marginal gains from these acquisitions, but they also will experience negative consequences, as with any form of gluttony. So, because of the law of diminishing returns, it is only natural that seeking something new, or seeking new depths of something old, is required to bring us satisfaction.
自然規(guī)律就是如此，我們不會滿足于實現(xiàn)一個個夢想该镣，而是享受這個追夢的過程冻璃，這是基于收益遞減原理的。舉個例子损合，假設你的夢想是賺錢省艳，而當你賺夠了，再賺更多也就沒有邊際效益了塌忽，若此時的夢想還是賺錢就很傻拍埠。超過使用邊際后還不斷獲取，是難有回報土居，甚至沒有回報的，還會產生譬如貪婪這種負面的結果嬉探。根據收益遞減原理擦耀，我們很自然地會想要尋求新鮮事物或探索已存在事物的新層次，這樣我們才能獲得滿足涩堤。
The marginal benefits of moving from a shortage to an abundance of anything decline.
從缺少到富足眷蜓，邊際效益逐漸遞減。
In other words, the sequence of 1) seeking new things (goals); 2) working and learning in the process of pursuing these goals; 3) obtaining these goals; and 4) then doing this over and over again is thepersonal evolutionary processthat fulfills most of us and moves society forward.
也就是說胎围，1）尋求新目標吁系；2）在追尋目標的過程中工作與學習德召；3）實現(xiàn)目標；4）反復這個過程汽纤。這是個人進化過程上岗，是我們甚至社會前進的方式。
I believe that pursuing self-interest in harmony with the laws of the universe and contributing toevolution is universally rewarded, and what I call “good.” Look at all species in action: they areconstantly pursuing their own interests and helping evolution in a symbiotic way, with most of them not even knowing that their self-serving behaviors are contributing to evolution. Like the hyenas attacking the wildebeest, successful people might not even know if or how their pursuit of self-interest helps evolution, but it typically does.
我認為蕴坪，在遵循宇宙規(guī)律肴掷，在有利于進化的基礎上追尋個人目標，就會獲得獎賞背传，我就會認為這是好的事情呆瞻。看看所有現(xiàn)存的物種吧：它們不斷維護自身利益径玖，同其它生物共生進化痴脾，卻不知道它們這種自利行為也推動了進化。像我提到的土狼襲擊羚羊梳星，成功人士可能不知道自己追逐自身利益的同時幫助了進化赞赖，可事實就是如此。
When pursuing self-interest is in conflict with evolution, it is typically punished.
追求個人私利是同進化相沖突的丰泊，一般會受到懲罰薯定。
Self-interest and society’s interests are generally symbiotic: more than anything else, it is pursuit of self-interest that motivates people to push themselves to do the difficult things that benefit them and that contribute to society. In return, society rewards those who give it what it wants. That is why how much money people have earned is a rough measure of how much they gave society what it wanted—NOT how much they desired to make money. Look at what caused people to make a lot of money and you will see that usually it is in proportion to their production of what the society wanted and largely unrelated to their desire to make money. There are many people who have made a lot of money who never made making a lot of money their primary goal. Instead, they simply engaged in the work that they were doing, produced what society wanted, and got rich doing it. And there are many people who really wanted to make a lot of money but never produced what the society wanted and they didn’t make a lot of money. In other words, there is an excellent correlation between giving society what it wants and making money, and almost no correlation between the desire to make money and how much money one makes. I know that this is true for me—i.e., I never worked to make a lot of money, and if I had I would have stopped ages ago because of the law of diminishing returns. I know that the same is true for all the successful, healthy (i.e., non-obsessed) people I know.
自身利益和社會利益是相互共生的。追逐自身利益瞳购，會激勵人們接受挑戰(zhàn)话侄，獲得益處，推動社會有效發(fā)展学赛。反過來年堆，社會也會回饋那些推動其有效發(fā)展的個體。所以評判對社會有效貢獻的粗略標準是賺了多少錢盏浇，而不是有多想要賺錢变丧。看看是什么促使人們賺錢绢掰，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)痒蓬，這同他們對社會的有效生產值成正相關，同他們想賺錢的欲望程度無關滴劲。不少盆滿缽贏的人都沒把賺錢當做首要目標攻晒，他們只是認真工作，生產社會需要的東西班挖，就逐漸變得富有了鲁捏。也有不少人天天想賺一大筆錢，但從沒按社會需求進行生產萧芙，就沒怎么賺錢给梅。也就是說假丧，提供社會所需同賺錢之間的關系甚是緊密，而賺錢的欲望強烈程度則與之沒什么關系动羽。至少對我確實如此包帚，我工作從不為賺大錢，要是如此的話曹质，按收益遞減原理婴噩，我早就沒工作了，因為錢早賺夠了羽德。我認識的成功且健康（未對金錢癡迷）的人都是如此几莽。
Of course, there are many people who give society what it wants but are paid poorly. This is explained by the law of supply and demand.
當然也有不少人生產了社會所需但沒有獲得豐厚回報，供應與需求規(guī)則可以解釋這種現(xiàn)象宅静。
I do know some successful people who are obsessed with making money despite making money having little or no marginal benefit for them.
我就認識有些成功人士癡迷于賺錢章蚣，盡管再賺錢對他們也幾乎沒什么邊際效益了。
This process of productive adaptation—i.e., the process of seeking, obtaining, and pursuing new goals— does not just pertain to how individuals and society move forward. It is equally relevant when dealing with setbacks, which are inevitable. That is why many people who have had setbacks that seemed devastating at the time ended up as happy as (or even happier than) they were before, once they successfully adapted to them. The faster that one appropriately adapts, the better. As Darwin described, adaptation—i.e., adjusting appropriately to changes in one’s circumstances—is a big part of the evolutionary process, and it is rewarded. That is why some of the most successful people are typically those who see the changing landscape and identify how to best adapt to it.
這個過程叫有效適應姨夹，也就是尋求纤垂、獲得、追尋新目標的過程磷账。它不僅和個體與社會進步相關峭沦，也同樣與挫敗相關，挫敗是難以避免的逃糟。所以有人面對看似災難性的挫折后吼鱼，一旦成功適應了，就和以前一樣開心绰咽，甚至更開心菇肃。適應越快，效果越好取募。達爾文說琐谤，適應就是對個體環(huán)境的變化進行適當調整。這是進化過程中很重要的一部分玩敏，適應過程能帶來回饋斗忌。所以大多數(shù)成功人士能很快覺察到大環(huán)境的變化，并迅速以最佳方式適應旺聚。
Darwin is reported to have said, “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”
達爾文自傳曾說過：在大自然的歷史長河中飞蹂，能夠存活下來的物種，既不是那些最強壯的翻屈，也不是那些智力最高的，而是那些最能適應環(huán)境變化的妻坝。
Your ability to see the changing landscape and adapt is more a function of your perceptive and reasoning abilities than your ability to learn and process quickly.
能感受到大環(huán)境的變化并適應是一種能力伸眶，主要是洞察力和推理能力惊窖，這比快速學習與處理的能力更能發(fā)揮作用。
So,it seems to me that desires to evolve are universal and so are symbiotic relationships that lead to the evolution of the whole to occur via the pursuit of individuals’ self-interests. However, what differentiates man from other species is man’s greater ability to learn. Because we can learn, we can evolve more and faster than other species.
想進化是很正常的厘贼，追逐個人利益時界酒，與社會的共生關系會推動整個社會進化，這也是很普遍的嘴秸。人類與別的物種的不同之處在于人類善于學習毁欣。我們會學習，所以我們比別的物種進化得快岳掐。
I also believe that all things in nature have innate attributes that are both good and bad, with their goodness and their badness depending on what they are used for. For example, the thorns on a rose bush, the stinger on a bee, the aggressiveness of a lion, the timidity of a gazelle are all both good and bad, depending on their applications. Over time, nature evolves toward the right balance through the process of natural selection—e.g., an overly aggressive animal will die prematurely, as will an overly timid animal. However, because man has the ability to look at himself and direct his own change, individuals have the capacity to evolve.
所有事物都有其內在的固有屬性凭疮，都有好與壞兩面，這取決于用途串述。比方說玫瑰上的刺执解，蜜蜂身上的刺，獅子的攻擊性纲酗，小羚羊的怯弱衰腌，這些都既是好的也是不好的，取決于他們的用途觅赊。攻擊性過強或太膽小的動物都可能還沒發(fā)育完全就死掉了右蕊。而人類有能力審視自己，指導自身變化吮螺，有能力進行進化饶囚。
Most of us are born with attributes that both help us and hurt us, depending on their applications, and the more extreme the attribute, the more extreme the potential good and bad outcomes these attributes are likely to produce. For example, highly creative, goal- oriented people who are good at imagining the big picture often can easily get tripped up on the details of daily life, while highly pragmatic, task-oriented people who are great with the details might not be creative. That is because the ways their minds work make it difficult for them to see both ways of thinking. In nature everything was made for a purpose, and so too were these different ways of thinking. They just have different purposes. It is extremely important to one’s happiness and success to know oneself—most importantly to understand one’s own values and abilities—and then to find the right fits. We all have things that we value that we want and we all have strengths and weaknesses that affect our paths for getting them.The most important quality that differentiates successful people from unsuccessful people is our capacity to learn and adapt to these things.
我們大多數(shù)人生來具備的特質，既會幫助我們规脸，也可能傷害到我們坯约，根據用途而有別。程度越極端莫鸭，特質帶來的積極或消極影響就相對應越大闹丐。例如，創(chuàng)造力很強被因、目標很清晰卿拴，善于把握大局的人可能就會在生活細節(jié)上吃虧。而重實務梨与、關注具體任務堕花、能完美處理細節(jié)的人可能不怎么有創(chuàng)造力。因為我們思維的特性粥鞋，很難兩者兼顧缘挽。事事都存之有理，不同的思維方式也存之有理，因其有不同的存在目的壕曼，這對于個人幸福感和自身了解極為重要苏研，尤其是了解自身價值和能力，這樣才能進一步找到合適的定位腮郊。人人都有珍視之物摹蘑，都有渴望之事，都有影響我們實現(xiàn)夢想的優(yōu)缺點轧飞。區(qū)分成功人士與平庸之輩最重要的品質就是學習能力和適應能力衅鹿。
Unlike any other species, man is capable of reflecting on himself and the things around him to learn and adapt in order to improve. He has this capability because, in the evolution of species man’s brain developed a part that no other species has—the prefrontal cortex. It is the part of the human brain that gives us the ability to reflect and conduct other cognitive thinking. Because of this, people who can objectively reflect on themselves and others —most importantly on their weaknesses are—can figure out how to get around these weaknesses, can evolve fastest and come closer to realizing their potentials than those who can’t.
和別的物種不同，人類能夠進行自身反思过咬，對周遭事物展開思考大渤，進而獲得學習與提高。人類擁有這些能力是因為在進化過程中大腦形成了前額葉皮層援奢，這是別的生物所沒有的兼犯。它使得人類具備自省、開展其他認知思維的能力集漾。鑒于此切黔，人類能客觀地反思自己和別人，最重要的是反思自身的缺點具篇，指出解決這些缺點的辦法纬霞，能最快進化、開發(fā)潛能驱显。
However, typically defensive, emotional reactions—i.e., ego barriers—stand in the way of this progress. These reactions take place in the part of the brain called the amygdala. As a result of them, most people don’t like reflecting on their weaknesses even though recognizing them is an essential step toward preventing them from causing them problems. Most people especially dislike others exploring their weaknesses because it makes them feel attacked, which produces fight or flight reactions; however, having others help one find one’s weaknesses is essential because it’s very difficult to identify one’s own. Most people don’t like helping others explore their weaknesses, even though they are willing to talk about them behind their backs. For these reasons most people don’t do a good job of understanding themselves and adapting in order to get what they want most out of life. In my opinion, that is the biggest single problem of mankind because it, more than anything else, impedes people’s abilities to address all other problems and it is probably the greatest source of pain for most people.
然而某些抵抗性的情緒反應诗芜，如自我設障，阻礙著我們進步的過程埃疫。這些情緒由大腦內杏仁體掌管伏恐。鑒于這種反應的存在，大多數(shù)人都不愛反省自身缺點栓霜，即便他們都知道反省缺點是避免出現(xiàn)問題的重要一步翠桦。大家尤其討厭別人挖掘自己的缺點，令人深感冒犯胳蛮，從而產生還擊或逃離的反應销凑。其實有人指出自己的缺點很重要，因為自己很難發(fā)現(xiàn)自身缺點仅炊。大多數(shù)人都不喜歡指出別人的缺點斗幼，不過背地里倒是挺愿意討論別人的缺點。所以蕓蕓眾生抚垄，真正了解自己的人甚少蜕窿，也就無法適應環(huán)境谋逻、實現(xiàn)夢想了。我認為渠羞，這是人類面臨最簡單卻最大的問題斤贰，深深阻礙著人們解決問題的能力，也是大多數(shù)人感到痛苦的根源次询。
Some people get over the ego barrier and others don’t. Which path they choose, more than anything else, determines how good their outcomes are. Aristotle defined tragedy as a bad outcome for a person because of a fatal flaw that he can’t get around. So it is tragic when people let ego barriers lead them to experience bad outcomes.
有人能克服自我設障這種情緒反應，有些人則做不到瓷叫。選什么路屯吊，就會走向何種結果。亞里士多德認為悲劇是人類無法克服致命弱點而帶來的不好結果摹菠。如果人們被自我設障這種情緒牽著鼻子走盒卸，碰了一鼻子灰，就是悲劇次氨。
以上是橋水基因董事長的進化論蔽介，感謝譯者：劉念 張帆。
另外煮寡，可私信虹蓄，整套的文章鏈接，簡書限制幸撕。
隨意打賞薇组，如果覺得轉載對你有幫助～
