1 案例1:安裝Docker
1.1 問題
本案例要求配置yum源并安裝Docker:
準(zhǔn)備兩臺(tái)虛擬機(jī)慈参,IP為192.168.1.31和192.168.1.32
安裝docker
關(guān)閉防火墻
1.2 步驟
實(shí)現(xiàn)此案例需要按照如下步驟進(jìn)行呛牲。
步驟一:配置yum源
1)配置IP(虛擬機(jī)配置靜態(tài)ip)docker1和docker2主機(jī)同樣操作
[root@localhost~]# echo docker1>/etc/hostname
[root@localhost~]# hostname docker1
[root@localhost~]# echo docker2>/etc/hostname
[root@localhost~]# hostname docker2
[root@docker1~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6INIT="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.1.31"
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
[root@docker1~]# systemctl restart network
[root@docker2~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPV6INIT="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.1.32"
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
[root@docker1~]# systemctl restart network
2)配置yum客戶端,配置之前openstack的擴(kuò)展源(RHEL7-extras.iso)即可(docker1和docker2主機(jī)同樣操作)
[root@docker1]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo
...
[local_extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@docker2]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo
...
[local_extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras
baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras"
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
4)安裝docker(docker1和docker2主機(jī)同樣操作)
[root@docker1~]# yum-y install docker
[root@docker1~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker1~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@docker1~]# ifconfig//有docker0說(shuō)明環(huán)境部署完成
docker0:flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu1500
inet172.17.0.1netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0
ether02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e? txqueuelen0(Ethernet)
RX packets0bytes0(0.0B)
RX errors0dropped0overruns0frame0
TX packets0bytes0(0.0B)
TX errors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0
[root@docker1~]# docker version//查看版本
[root@docker2~]# yum-y install docker
[root@docker2~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker2~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@docker2~]# ifconfig//有docker0說(shuō)明環(huán)境部署完成
docker0:flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu1500
inet172.17.0.1netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0
ether02:42:53:82:b9:d4? txqueuelen0(Ethernet)
RX packets0bytes0(0.0B)
RX errors0dropped0overruns0frame0
TX packets0bytes0(0.0B)
TX errors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0
[root@docker2~]# docker version//查看版本
2 案例2:鏡像基本操作
2.1 問題
本案例要求熟悉鏡像的基本操作:
導(dǎo)入鏡像
導(dǎo)出鏡像
啟動(dòng)鏡像
2.2 步驟
實(shí)現(xiàn)此案例需要按照如下步驟進(jìn)行驮配。
步驟一:docker鏡像
1)下載鏡像
[root@docker1~]# docker pull docker.io/busybox
[root@docker1 bulid]# docker pull docker.io/busybox
Usingdefaulttag:latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox...
latest:Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox
Digest:sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
2)上傳鏡像
[root@docker1~]# docker push docker.io/busybox
3)查看鏡像
[root@docker1~]# docker images
REPOSITORY? ? ? ? ? TAG? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? IMAGE ID? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? ? SIZE
docker.io/busybox? ? latest? ? ? ? d8233ab899d410days ago1.199MB
4)查找busybox鏡像
[root@docker1~]# docker search docker.io/busybox
5)導(dǎo)出busybox鏡像為busybox.tar
[root@docker1~]# docker save docker.io/busybox:latest-o busybox.tar
[root@docker1~]# ls
busybox.tar
6)導(dǎo)入鏡像
[root@docker1~]# scp nginx.tar root@192.168.1.32:/root
[root@docker2~]# ls
nginx.tar
[root@docker2~]# docker load-i nginx.tar
3c816b4ead84:Loading layer58.47MB/58.47MB
787822cf1b17:Loading layer54.44MB/54.44MB
89decbdf7fb7:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image:docker.io/nginx:latest/3.584kB
[root@docker2~]# docker images
REPOSITORY? ? ? ? ? TAG? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? IMAGE ID? ? ? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? ? SIZE
docker.io/nginx? ? latest? ? ? ? ? ? ? 42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2M? ? ? ? ? ? e1ddd7948a1c4weeks ago1.163MB
7)刪除鏡像
[root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi? docker.io/nginx
Untagged:docker.io/nginx:latest
Deleted:sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c
Deleted:sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c
Deleted:sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45
Deleted:sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313
步驟二:一次性導(dǎo)入多個(gè)鏡像
[student@room9pc0104]$cd /linux-soft/04/
[student@room9pc0104]$ scp-rdocker/root@192.168.1.31:/root/
[root@docker1~]# cd docker
[root@docker1 docker]# ls
centos.tar? nginx.tar? redis.tar? registry.tar? ubuntu.tar
[root@docker1 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY? ? ? ? ? TAG? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? IMAGE ID? ? ? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? ? SIZE
[root@docker1 docker]#foriin*;dodocker load-i $i;done
bcc97fbfc9e1:Loading layer208.2MB/208.2MB
Loaded image:docker.io/centos:latest208.2MB
Loaded image:docker.io/nginx:latest
a098f8909d23:Loading layer338.4kB/338.4kB
c3bc3362d4ff:Loading layer3.034MB/3.034MB
bf10d8534af6:Loading layer36.4MB/36.4MB
0949ce28adcc:Loading layer1.536kB/1.536kB
b1f287cac208:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image:docker.io/redis:latest/3.584kB
7bff100f35cb:Loading layer4.672MB/4.672MB
6b6e0aba7201:Loading layer1.587MB/1.587MB
18429e86e6ad:Loading layer20.08MB/20.08MB
7b33b7de3d52:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB
726e86b708de:Loading layer2.048kB/2.048kB
Loaded image:docker.io/registry:latest048 kB
adcb570ae9ac:Loading layer89.95MB/89.95MB
7604c8714555:Loading layer15.87kB/15.87kB
9e9d3c3a7458:Loading layer11.26kB/11.26kB
27a216ffe825:Loading layer3.072kB/3.072kB
Loaded image:docker.io/ubuntu:latest3.072kB
[root@docker1 docker]# docker images
導(dǎo)入多個(gè)鏡像如圖-1所示:
圖-1
步驟三:?jiǎn)?dòng)鏡像
1)啟動(dòng)centos鏡像生成一個(gè)容器
啟動(dòng)鏡像時(shí)若不知道后面的命令加什么:
1侈净、可以猜(如:/bin/bash、/bin/sh)
2僧凤、可以不加后面的命令畜侦,默認(rèn)啟動(dòng)
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run-it docker.io/centos /bin/bash
[root@7a652fc72a9f /]#ls /
anaconda-post.log? bin? dev? etc? home? lib? lib64? media? mnt? opt? proc? root? run? sbin? srv? sys? tmp? usrvar
[root@7a652fc72a9f /]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo? CentOS-Debuginfo.repo? CentOS-Sources.repo? CentOS-fasttrack.repo
CentOS-CR.repo? ? CentOS-Media.repo? ? ? CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# rm-rf C*
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo//在容器里面配置一個(gè)yum源
[local]
name=local
baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# yum-y install net-tools//安裝軟件
[root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# exit
exit
3 案例3:鏡像與容器常用指令
3.1 問題
本案例要求掌握鏡像與容器的常用命令:
鏡像常用指令練習(xí)
容器常用指令練習(xí)
3.2 步驟
實(shí)現(xiàn)此案例需要按照如下步驟進(jìn)行。
步驟一:鏡像常用命令
1)查看后臺(tái)運(yùn)行的容器
[root@docker1 docker]# docker run-d docker.io/nginx//啟動(dòng)nginx的鏡像
[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//查看后臺(tái)運(yùn)行的容器
CONTAINER ID? ? ? ? IMAGE? ? ? ? ? ? ? COMMAND? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? ? STATUS? ? ? ? ? ? ? PORTS? ? ? ? ? ? ? NAMES
81458156f6e8? ? ? ? docker.io/nginx"nginx -g 'daemon off"9seconds ago? ? ? Up8seconds80/tcp? ? ? ? ? ? ? pedantic_goldberg
2)只顯示容器ID
[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-q
81458156f6e8
3)顯示所有的容器,包括沒有啟動(dòng)的
[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-a
4)顯示所有的容器ID
[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-qa
81458156f6e8
3656f1978967
5)查看centos鏡像歷史(制作過(guò)程)躯保,如圖-2所示:
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker history docker.io/centos
圖-2
7)刪除鏡像旋膳,啟動(dòng)容器時(shí)刪除鏡像會(huì)失敗,先刪除容器,再刪除鏡像
格式:docker rmi 鏡像名
[root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi nginx//nginx為鏡像名
Errorresponse from daemon:conflict:unable to remove repository reference"nginx"(must force)-container 81458156f6e8 is using its referenced image 42b4762643dc
//刪除時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)
[root@docker1 docker]# docker stop81
81
[root@docker1 docker]# docker rm81
81
[root@docker2~]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx//刪除nginx鏡像
Untagged:docker.io/nginx:latest
Deleted:sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c
Deleted:sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c
Deleted:sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45
Deleted:sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313
8)修改鏡像的名稱和標(biāo)簽,默認(rèn)標(biāo)簽為latest
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag? docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1
[root@docker2~]# docker images
REPOSITORY? ? ? ? ? TAG? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? IMAGE ID? ? ? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? ? SIZE
docker.io/centos? ? latest? ? ? ? ? ? ? 42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2MB
docker.io/cen? ? v1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2MB
9)查看鏡像的底層信息途事,如圖-3所示:
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect docker.io/centos
圖-3
10)修改鏡像的標(biāo)簽
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag? docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images
REPOSITORY? TAG? ? ? ? ? ? IMAGE ID? ? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? SIZE
docker.io/cen? ? ? ? v1? ? ? ? ? ? e934aafc22065months ago198.6MB
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi docker.io/centos//刪除centos
[root@localhost~]# docker run-it centos
//啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候验懊,因?yàn)槭怯脴?biāo)簽標(biāo)簽啟動(dòng)的,所以會(huì)重新通過(guò)ID下載
[root@docker1 docker]# docker run-it docker.io/centos
Unable to find image'centos:latest'locally
Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/centos...
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos...
latest:Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
a02a4930cb5d:Pull complete
Digest:sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
[root@b6c5f16461f5 /]#
[root@localhost~]# docker run-it docker.io/cen:v1
//通過(guò)新建的標(biāo)簽啟動(dòng)docker.io/cen:v1
步驟二:容器命令
1)關(guān)閉容器
命令:docker stop 容器ID
[root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f//0f為容器ID
0f
2)啟動(dòng)容器
[root@docker1 docker]# docker start 0f
0f
3)重啟容器
[root@docker1 docker]# docker restart 0f
0f
4)刪除容器
運(yùn)行中刪除不掉尸变,先關(guān)閉容器
[root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f//刪除失敗
Errorresponse from daemon:You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c.Stop the container before attempting removal or use-f
[root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f//關(guān)閉容器
0f
[root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f//刪除成功
0f
[root@docker1 docker]#
5)連接容器attach|exec
[root@docker1 docker]# docker attach? 0f
[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//容器關(guān)閉
CONTAINER ID? IMAGE? COMMAND? CREATED? STATUS? PORTS? NAMES
[root@docker1 docker]#? docker exec-it 0f /bin/bash
[root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//容器不會(huì)關(guān)閉
CONTAINER ID? IMAGE? ? ? ? COMMAND? ? ? ? CREATED? ? ? ? ? STATUS? ? ? ? ? PORTS? ? NAMES
0b3c50284a1c? docker.io/centos"/bin/bash"15minutes ago? Up15minutes? ? ? ? ? ? tiny_lamarr
[root@docker1 docker]# docker top f7//查看容器進(jìn)程列表
[root@docker1 docker]# docker run-itd docker.io/centos:latest
76e7577cff5d8a3ec877d3ea564fed2fb502bd4a0447705bec269a646d414d07
[root@docker1 docker]# ps
? PID TTY? ? ? ? ? TIME CMD
5552pts/000:00:00bash
6739pts/000:00:00ps
[root@docker1 docker]# docker exec-it76 /bin/bash
[root@76e7577cff5d /]# sleep50&
[1]30
[root@76e7577cff5d /]# exit
exit
[root@docker1 docker]# docker top76
UID? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? PID? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? PPID? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? STIME? ? ? ? ? ? ? TTY? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? TIME? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CMD
root67086691017:00pts/100:00:00? ? ? ? ? ? /bin/bash
UID? ? PID? PPID C? STIME ????TTY ????????TIME ???? CMD
root27442729018:01pts/400:00:00? /bin/bash
6)過(guò)濾查看mac和ip地址
[root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}'76
02:42:ac:11:00:04
[root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'76
172.17.0.4
7)修改nginx的顯示內(nèi)容
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run-it docker.io/nginx:latest
[root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec-it56 /bin/bash
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/
nginx:invalid option:"/usr/share/nginx/html/"http://查找并顯示結(jié)果
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# echo? aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
//修改主頁(yè)顯示的內(nèi)容
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx-T
root@56ec8154f8e0:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
aaa
8)過(guò)濾查看nginx的ip地址
[root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'a6
172.17.0.3
[root@docker1 docker]# curl172.17.0.3
aaa