dumb down
sth, you make it easier for people to understand, especially when this spoils it.
underpin 鞏固，支持
EP the theories that underpin his teaching method
cognitive construal 認(rèn)知識(shí)解
construe sth as sth 常用被動(dòng) 將……理解為
assert 主張，斷言
conviction 深信骏融，堅(jiān)信楚殿，肯定
retrieval 檢索
implication 含義帮匾，暗示偏灿，可能的影響
connotation ……of 隱含意義扣蜻，聯(lián)想含義
pragmatic 務(wù)實(shí)的坐桩，講求實(shí)際的
pragmatics語(yǔ)用學(xué)
homonymy 同音異義
polysemy 一詞多義
consonant 輔音
notation符號(hào) phonemic notation音標(biāo)
vowel元音尺棋，元音的
hyponym上義詞
synonym同義詞
antonym反義詞
arbitrary 任意的 non-arbitrary
highlight some features and leave others in the shade
immutable 永恒的，不能改變的
non-plural-marking language and does not distinguish between countable and uncountable obejects
intermediate 中等的中級(jí)的
tenet : the tenets of a theory or belief are the main principles on which it is based.
be prone to 傾向于
more often than not绵跷， 通常 往往
refine 提煉
iconicity 象似性
latent 潛在的潛伏的
authentic discourse
particular context
ubiquity n.到處存在膘螟，（同時(shí)的）普遍存在;
facilitate speedy communication
underlie vt. 位于或存在于（某物）之下; 構(gòu)成…的基礎(chǔ)（或起因）; [經(jīng)] 構(gòu)成優(yōu)先于…的財(cái)政要求;
formulation and communication of ideas 構(gòu)建和交流想法
The most common misinterpretations occur when a metonymically intended meaning is taken literally or metaphorically, or alternatively when a literal or metaphorical meaning is understood as a metonymy.
the different functions that metonymy performs
assess the extent to which these theories could usefully be extended to account for the complex
在多大程度上......
評(píng)估那種程度.......
contextualised examples 情景化的例子
Contextualize examples of metonymy are analysed in depth to show how metonymy operates in spoken lan......
encapsulate vt. 壓縮；將…裝入膠囊碾局；將…封進(jìn)內(nèi)部荆残；概述
vi. 形成膠囊
One of the reasons why we need metonymy is that it is impossible to encapulate all aspects of our intended meaning in language that we use.
