(一)曹步、為什么用quartz宪彩?
??在大家的工作過程中,多多少少都會(huì)需要在指定時(shí)刻或間隔多長時(shí)間就完成某項(xiàng)工作這種業(yè)務(wù)功能讲婚,在沒有成熟的調(diào)度框架之前毯焕,我們都是使用JDK的Timer和TimerTask類完成,然而Timer是存在一些缺陷的磺樱。
- Timer是基于絕對(duì)時(shí)間的纳猫,而不是相對(duì)時(shí)間,它對(duì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)間的改變很敏感竹捉;
- Timer所有任務(wù)都是由同一個(gè)線程來調(diào)度芜辕,串行執(zhí)行過程后續(xù)任務(wù)可能產(chǎn)生延時(shí);
- TimerTask任務(wù)中出現(xiàn)異常块差,Timer定時(shí)器會(huì)自動(dòng)取消掉侵续,影響其他的任務(wù)執(zhí)行;
??quartz是一個(gè)任務(wù)調(diào)度框架憨闰,與Timer功能類似状蜗,他可以完成更加復(fù)雜的任務(wù)調(diào)度。quartz除了能解決上述說的問題鹉动,quartz還包含了其他的優(yōu)點(diǎn):
- 可以使用更加復(fù)雜的任務(wù)觸發(fā)策略轧坎;
- 負(fù)載均衡,不同的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以執(zhí)行不同的任務(wù)泽示;
- 容錯(cuò)缸血,一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)掛了不會(huì)影響其他的節(jié)點(diǎn);
(二)械筛、下載安裝
1捎泻、首先下載jar包,版本以1.8.6示例埋哟,這里注意笆豁,quartz2.0以后的實(shí)現(xiàn)和之前會(huì)有不同,這里需要注意赤赊。
另外項(xiàng)目是maven工程的可以使用下面的配置:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>1.8.6</version>
</dependency>
官方下載地址:http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads/
下載完解壓后的目錄:
2闯狱、項(xiàng)目使用時(shí)會(huì)用到quartz-1.8.6.jar包和lib目錄下的依賴包,如果是maven項(xiàng)目砍鸠,自己在pom.xml中添加依賴的jar包扩氢,下面是lib目錄中所有依賴的jar包:
(三)耕驰、持久化任務(wù)(可選)
1爷辱、項(xiàng)目使用過程中根據(jù)情況選擇是否持久化任務(wù)信息,如果希望項(xiàng)目關(guān)閉或系統(tǒng)斷電后任務(wù)信息不丟失,那么就需要進(jìn)行持久化饭弓。
2双饥、持久化需要使用到數(shù)據(jù)庫,quartz提供了各種數(shù)據(jù)庫的腳本弟断。腳本文件放在quartz-1.8.6\docs\dbTables目錄下咏花,這里以Mysql為例。首先打開此sql腳本文件阀趴,因?yàn)榇四_本文件只能在5.0版本以前使用昏翰,所以需要將文件中所有的TYPE=InnoDB替換為ENGINE=InnoDB,下面貼出的sql腳本是已經(jīng)替換完成了的刘急,方便大家直接使用:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_LISTENERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGER_LISTENERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_VOLATILE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_STATEFUL VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_LISTENERS (
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_LISTENER VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP,JOB_LISTENER),
INDEX (JOB_NAME, JOB_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS (
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
IS_VOLATILE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
INDEX (JOB_NAME, JOB_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS (
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
INDEX (TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS (
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
PRIMARY KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
INDEX (TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS (
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
INDEX (TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGER_LISTENERS (
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_LISTENER VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_LISTENER),
INDEX (TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS (
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (CALENDAR_NAME))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS (
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (TRIGGER_GROUP))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS (
ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
IS_VOLATILE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
IS_STATEFUL VARCHAR(1) NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (ENTRY_ID))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE (
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (INSTANCE_NAME))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS (
LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (LOCK_NAME))
ENGINE=InnoDB;
INSERT INTO QRTZ_LOCKS values('TRIGGER_ACCESS');
INSERT INTO QRTZ_LOCKS values('JOB_ACCESS');
INSERT INTO QRTZ_LOCKS values('CALENDAR_ACCESS');
INSERT INTO QRTZ_LOCKS values('STATE_ACCESS');
INSERT INTO QRTZ_LOCKS values('MISFIRE_ACCESS');
commit;
3棚菊、數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本導(dǎo)入完成之后,我們接下來需要對(duì)quartz進(jìn)行一些配置叔汁,項(xiàng)目中一般會(huì)使用到spring框架统求,這里就用spring來管理scheduler調(diào)度實(shí)例,也可以不使用据块,后面文章會(huì)講到自己創(chuàng)建調(diào)度實(shí)例码邻。spring管理配置的xml文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true">
<description>quartz Configuration</description>
<!-- quartz持久化存儲(chǔ)配置 -->
<bean name="quartzScheduler" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<!-- quartz數(shù)據(jù)源配置 -->
<property name="dataSource">
<!-- 使用項(xiàng)目中正在使用的數(shù)據(jù)源即可 也可以單獨(dú)為quartz分配數(shù)據(jù)源-->
<ref bean="dataSource" />
</property>
<property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext" />
<property name="quartzProperties">
<props>
<!-- 調(diào)度實(shí)例名稱 如果使用quartz集群 此名稱保持一致 實(shí)例ID默認(rèn)為AUTO即可 -->
<prop key="org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName">DefaultQuartzScheduler</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId">AUTO</prop>
<!-- 線程池配置 -->
<prop key="org.quartz.threadPool.class">org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount">10</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority">5</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold">60000</prop>
<!-- 持久化配置 -->
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.class">org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass">org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.MSSQLDelegate</prop>
<!-- 集群配置 -->
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered">false</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval">15000</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.maxMisfiresToHandleAtATime">1</prop>
<!-- 數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)置 -->
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix">qrtz_</prop>
<prop key="org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource">qzDS</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="autoStartup" value="true" />
</bean>
</beans>
xml中的有些屬性不明白是什么意思沒關(guān)系,先嘗試下載安裝并且運(yùn)行起來另假,很多問題是在使用的過程中慢慢了解學(xué)習(xí)并解決的像屋。如果因?yàn)閾?dān)心出問題而不去實(shí)踐,那么是用不好技術(shù)的边篮。