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英國社會的等級劃分，往往綜合以下四個方面：
family background/ wealth/ occupation/education
家庭背景/財富/職業(yè)/教育
那么結(jié)合維基百科等網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源和課堂教學(xué)姆打，和大家分享一下具體階層分類
I标锄、Informal classifications and stereotypes 非正式的等級劃分
1.Underclass--- people who are "chronically unemployed", and in many instances have been for generations.
Typical characteristics are:
?Long-term unemployment, sometimes for generations.
?Living in council housing.
下層階級--指長期無業(yè)型宝，甚至歷代貧困潦倒的人們什黑，常常住在市建廉租房中.
2.Working class---people would work as ?manual labourers or would be skilled industrial jobs or tradesmen, traditionally in the construction and manufacturing industry.
Typical characteristics are:
?No higher education
?‘Blue collar jobs’
-unskilled and semi-skilled jobs often in industry, e.g. factories,mills, mines, etc.
-skilled jobs, e.g.self-employed contractors, construction, plumbing, etc.
?Regional accents
工人階級--常指體力勞動者或者從事建筑及手工行業(yè)檀何。典型特點(diǎn)是受教育水平不高辞槐，常常是藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作者。煤礦工人全封，建筑工人马昙，鉛工業(yè)工人等等。常常有地域口音刹悴。
3. Middle class-The middle class in Britain often consists of people with tertiary education and may have been educated in either state or private schools.
Typical characteristics are:
?Good education, e.g. university degree
?Typical jobs include accountants, architects, solicitors, surveyors, social workers, teachers, managers, specialist IT workers, engineers, doctors, university-educated nurses and civil servants.
?Often own a property
?They also value culture and make up a significant proportion of the book-buying and theatre-going public.
中產(chǎn)階級--受過高等教育的人群行楞。行業(yè)領(lǐng)域涉及會計，建筑師土匀，律師子房、測量員、社區(qū)服務(wù)恒削、教師池颈、經(jīng)理尾序、專業(yè)IT钓丰，工程師躯砰，醫(yī)生，護(hù)士携丁、公務(wù)員等琢歇。他們大多擁有房產(chǎn)，并且對文化和藝術(shù)有一定的追求梦鉴，會將收入的一部分用來買書李茫、看話劇等。
4. Upper class--The British "upper class" is statistically very small and consists of the peerage ,gentry and hereditary landowners, among others.
Typical characteristics are:
?The Royal Family
?The aristocracy ?(inherited ?titles ,eg ?Duke, Earl ?and land from family )
?Historically landowner ,whose wealth came from land
?Upper class values ;good social background ,good manners,well-sppken (RP accent )
?Often educated in particular public schools , eg ?Eton
上層階級---占據(jù)人口比例很小肥橙，通常是皇室貴族魄宏。他們可能從家族世襲爵位或是繼承土地，有良好的社會背景和文明的禮儀存筏，是少數(shù)說標(biāo)準(zhǔn)純正英式發(fā)音的一群人宠互，大多在類似伊頓公學(xué)的學(xué)校讀書。
II椭坚、Formal classification 正式分類
先參考以下兩個時代
20世紀(jì)
21世紀(jì)
接下來重點(diǎn)解讀2013年予跌， BBC經(jīng)過對16萬英格蘭當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裾{(diào)查后的結(jié)果
BBC Lab UK study（2013）The BBC Lab UK study
(2013) suggests that class has three dimensions - economic, social and cultural:
?economic capital - income, savings, house value
?social capital - the number and status of people someone knows.
?cultural capital -the extent and nature of cultural interests and activities.
等級分類跨越三個維度——經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會和文化
經(jīng)濟(jì)資本——收入善茎，存款券册，房屋價值
社會資本——社交圈的人數(shù)和地位
文化資本——文化興趣與活動的范疇和特性
綜合考慮以上三個維度，請在以下分類中對號入座
以上七個階級在社會中占有比例如下：
下圖為年收入垂涯、工作種類烁焙、教育水平、居住地點(diǎn)和文化背景的統(tǒng)計圖耕赘。
這節(jié)課給我最大的啟示考阱，是英國人對于社交和文化的重視。我想這是我們需要借鑒的地方鞠苟，從小培養(yǎng)我們的孩子在藝術(shù)和生活中尋找快樂乞榨，才不至于在日漸富足的社會形勢下迷失方向，逐漸失去對生活的熱情当娱。興趣愛好的培養(yǎng)吃既，是一個人最大的精神財富。當(dāng)我們學(xué)會了洗盡鉛華之后的享受孤獨(dú)跨细，才會真正收獲快樂與滿足鹦倚。
