The Circulatory System 1

循環(huán)系統(tǒng)

A flow chart, like this?one, shows how a?process?begins and?ends, and the steps?in?between.

像這樣的流程圖顯示了一個(gè)過程是如何開始和結(jié)束的，以及中間的步驟。

The process can?be?of almost?any?kind, from manufacturing a tire?to?creating an advertisement.

這個(gè)過程幾乎可以是任何一種声邦，從制造輪胎到制作廣告蜓陌。

Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important.

因此兵迅，學(xué)習(xí)如何用英語描述和解釋一個(gè)過程是很重要的刨秆。

It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.

這對教師犬金、工程師和客戶支持人員都很重要囱井。

One process that we are all familiar with is our body's circulatory system.

我們都熟悉的一個(gè)過程是我們身體的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)驹尼。

This system provides oxygen throughout the body and eliminates carbon dioxide, which is a waste product.

這個(gè)系統(tǒng)為全身提供氧氣，排除二氧化碳庞呕，二氧化碳是一種廢物新翎。

If something goes wrong with this system, we need to repair it quickly, or we die.

如果這個(gè)系統(tǒng)出了問題，我們需要盡快修復(fù)它住练，否則我們就會死地啰。

So it's important to understand it and keep it functioning properly.

所以理解它并讓它正常工作是很重要的。

What does the circulatory system do?It provides oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.

循環(huán)系統(tǒng)是做什么的?它為身體提供氧氣讲逛，消除二氧化碳亏吝。

It provides oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.

它為身體提供氧氣，消除二氧化碳盏混。

It’s important to keep it functioning properly, or we will die.

循環(huán)系統(tǒng)是做什么的?它為身體提供氧氣蔚鸥，消除二氧化碳惜论。

First, the most important requirement for the system to work is a supply of air.

首先，系統(tǒng)工作的最重要的要求是空氣的供應(yīng)止喷。

Without fresh air with sufficient oxygen, the process won't keep us healthy and alive.

如果沒有新鮮的空氣和足夠的氧氣馆类，這個(gè)過程就不能保持我們的健康和生命。

So the process begins by breathing in air, which happens when the lungs expand and draw in air.

所以這個(gè)過程從吸入空氣開始弹谁，當(dāng)肺部擴(kuò)張吸入空氣時(shí)就會發(fā)生蹦掐。

Once inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.

一旦進(jìn)入肺部，空氣中的氧氣就會與血液中的二氧化碳交換僵闯。

This exchange happens when blood cells release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.

這種交換發(fā)生在血細(xì)胞釋放二氧化碳和吸收氧氣的時(shí)候卧抗。

This blood is now oxygenated blood, which means it carries oxygen.

這種血液現(xiàn)在是含氧血，這意味著它攜帶氧氣鳖粟。

What kind of air is require to keep us healthy and alive? fresh air with sufficient oxygen

我們需要什么樣的空氣來保持健康和活力?新鮮空氣和充足的氧氣

To summarize,the process begins by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood.

總而言之社裆，這個(gè)過程從吸入空氣和給血液充氧開始。

The oxygenated blood in the lungs then flows back to the heart.

肺里含氧的血液然后流回心臟向图。

The C02 which came from the blood is exhaled, and the next cycle begins.

來自血液的二氧化碳被呼出泳秀，然后下一個(gè)循環(huán)開始。

Where does the oxygenated blood go?back to the heart

含氧血液流向哪里?回到心臟

Note that the blood in the lungs flows in a loop from the heart.

注意肺部的血液從心臟循環(huán)流動榄攀。

The blood which enters the loop from the heart carries carbon dioxide.

從心臟進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)的血液攜帶著二氧化碳嗜傅。

Once the carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, the blood continues through the loop and exits into the heart.

一旦二氧化碳被轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣，血液就會繼續(xù)循環(huán)并進(jìn)入心臟檩赢。

The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body.

含氧的血液被泵到身體的其他部位吕嘀。

What happens to the oxygenated blood after flows to the heart ? it's pumped to the rest of the body

流向心臟的含氧血液會發(fā)生什么變化?它被泵到身體的其他部位

To stay healthy and alive, we need fresh air with sufficient oxygen.?

為了保持健康和活著，我們需要新鮮的空氣和足夠的氧氣贞瞒。

This happens when the lungs contract.

這發(fā)生在肺收縮的時(shí)候偶房。

The system won't work without a supply of air

沒有空氣供應(yīng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)就不能工作

The Circulatory System 2

As you can see, everything depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart.

正如你所看到的军浆，一切都取決于血液進(jìn)出心臟的流量棕洋。

So how does the heart do this?

心臟是怎么做到的呢?

First, the heart, which is a muscle, has 4 chambers.

首先，心臟是一塊肌肉乒融，它有4個(gè)心室掰盘。

From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.

血液從一個(gè)腔室被泵到肺里。

This is the blood that carries carbon dioxide.

這是攜帶二氧化碳的血液赞季。

When the oxygenated blood from the?lungs?comes back to the?heart, it?enters?another?chamber.

當(dāng)肺中的含氧血液回到心臟愧捕，它就進(jìn)入另一個(gè)腔室。

This chamber is called the left atrium.

這個(gè)腔叫做左心房碟摆。

What does the blood pump to the lungs carry? it carries CO2

輸送到肺部的血液攜帶著什么?它攜帶二氧化碳

From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped?into?another?chamber, the left ventricle.

從左心房晃财，含氧血液被泵入另一個(gè)腔室，左心室典蜕。

The left ventricle then?pumps?the blood into the aorta, which is the largest?artery?in the body.

然后左心室將血液泵入主動脈断盛，這是人體最大的動脈。

From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes?through?a?network?of smaller?arteries?throughout the entire?body, including the?brain.

從主動脈開始愉舔，含氧血液通過整個(gè)身體的小動脈網(wǎng)絡(luò)钢猛，包括大腦。

Blood?returns?to the heart?through?a system of veins and?enters?the?upper?right? chamber, the right atrium.

血液通過靜脈系統(tǒng)回到心臟轩缤，進(jìn)入右心房命迈。

what is the largest artery in the body？the aorta?

人體內(nèi)最大的動脈是什么?主動脈

Now that we understand a little about the circulatory system we can ask what it needs to operate.

現(xiàn)在我們對循環(huán)系統(tǒng)有了一些了解火的，我們可以問它需要什么來運(yùn)作壶愤。

Of course it can't operate without energy.

當(dāng)然，它不能沒有能源馏鹤。

This energy is supplied by another system, the digestive system, which gets energy from food.

這種能量由另一個(gè)系統(tǒng)提供征椒，即消化系統(tǒng)，它從食物中獲取能量湃累。

And of course these systems need to be supported and controlled.

當(dāng)然勃救，這些系統(tǒng)需要得到支持和控制。

Our skeletal system provides support, and our muscular system provides control and movement.

我們的骨骼系統(tǒng)提供支持治力，我們的肌肉系統(tǒng)提供控制和運(yùn)動蒙秒。

Without?support and movement, we couldn't?get?the food that we need?for?energy.

沒有支持和運(yùn)動，我們就不能得到我們需要的能量的食物宵统。

Only?plants can?do?this because they have a completely?different?system,?which?gets?energy?directly from the sun.

只有植物能做到這一點(diǎn)晕讲，因?yàn)樗鼈冇幸粋€(gè)完全不同的系統(tǒng)，直接從太陽獲取能量马澈。

what supplies energy to the circulatory system益兄？the digestive system

什么為循環(huán)系統(tǒng)提供能量?消化系統(tǒng)

What life forms get energy directly from the sun? plants

什么生命形式直接從太陽獲得能量?植物

To summarize, the human body is?like?a huge, complex?factory.

總而言之，人體就像一個(gè)巨大而復(fù)雜的工廠箭券。

The language we use to?describe?how it?functions?is the same language we?use?to describe?almost?any industrial?process.

我們用來描述它如何運(yùn)作的語言和我們用來描述幾乎任何工業(yè)過程的語言是一樣的净捅。

The vocabulary is?different, but the processes, flows and logical relationships are?almost?identical.

詞匯表是不同的，但是流程辩块、流程和邏輯關(guān)系幾乎是相同的蛔六。

Think of some familiar process in your life or job and see if you can describe and explain it in English.

想想在你的生活或工作中一些熟悉的過程，看看你是否能用英語描述和解釋它废亭。

Plants get energy directly from the sun by using photosynthesis.

我們需要什么樣的空氣來保持健康和活力?新鮮空氣和充足的氧氣