概要
1）Redis的常用指令及業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
2）使用Java客戶端操作Redis

簡(jiǎn)介：redis是一個(gè)開(kāi)源的使用C語(yǔ)言編寫说贝、支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)榆综、可基于內(nèi)存也可以持久化的日志型Key-Value數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)糠爬，并提供多種語(yǔ)言的API楣号。
本質(zhì)：客戶端-服務(wù)端應(yīng)用程序
特點(diǎn)：使用簡(jiǎn)單叼耙、性能強(qiáng)大腕窥、應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景豐富

1.1 通用指令

示例
連接到服務(wù)端：

[docker@docker-node1 redis-all]$ ./redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379
127.0.0.1:6379>

簡(jiǎn)單指令演示：

127.0.0.1:6379> select 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set name vander
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> exists name
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> type name
string
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set name vander ex 10
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
"vander"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set name1 jason
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
1) "name1"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

1.2 五種基本數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

Redis的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的命令可以從官方文檔查找：https://redis.io/commands

redis官網(wǎng)

Redis的5種基本數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu).png

1.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-String

簡(jiǎn)介：string數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是簡(jiǎn)單的key-value類型，value不僅是string腊徙，還可以是數(shù)字
應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：微博數(shù)酷含、粉絲數(shù)等常規(guī)計(jì)數(shù)、分布式鎖（Redis執(zhí)行Lua腳本保證原子性）哨毁、Session共享枫甲、全局序列號(hào)

字符串常用操作

原子加減

設(shè)置Key-Value的有效時(shí)間:

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set name vander ex 10
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
"vander"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
"vander"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
(nil)

設(shè)置對(duì)Value進(jìn)行遞增或者遞減

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set counter 10
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> incr counter
(integer) 11
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> decr counter
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

## 單值緩存或者是使用對(duì)象序列化器存儲(chǔ)<key,Object>
127.0.0.1:6379> set name jason
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"jason"
127.0.0.1:6379>
## 分布式鎖的應(yīng)用
# 假設(shè)是第一個(gè)線程執(zhí)行這個(gè)指令
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx product:iPhone true 
(integer) 1
# 另一個(gè)線程執(zhí)行此指令就失敗了
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx product:iPhone true 
(integer) 0
# 第一個(gè)線程獲取設(shè)置成功后表示獲取到了鎖，等用完之后把鎖釋放掉
127.0.0.1:6379> del product:iPhone 
(integer) 1
## 計(jì)數(shù)器場(chǎng)景
# 例如記錄文章被讀取的次數(shù)
127.0.0.1:6379> incr article:read_count:001
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr article:read_count:001
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> incr article:read_count:001
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> get article:read_count:001
"3"
## Web集群的Session共享
Spring Session + Redis 實(shí)現(xiàn)Session共享
## 分布式系統(tǒng)全局序列號(hào)
#為了保證性能每個(gè)客戶端批量獲取一批序列號(hào)扼褪，用完之后再到Redis里重新取一批
incrby orderid 1000

1.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-List

簡(jiǎn)介：即鏈表

數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-list.png

可實(shí)現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)：
Stack（棧） = LPUSH+LPOP = FILO
Queue（隊(duì)列）= LPUSH+RPOP = FIFO
Blocking Queue（阻塞隊(duì)列）= LPUSH + BRPOP

使用場(chǎng)景：微博的關(guān)注列表想幻，粉絲列表

實(shí)現(xiàn)棧（后進(jìn)先出）的功能：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush teachers Miss.Xu Miss.Yu
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpop teachers
"Miss.Yu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpop teachers
"Miss.Xu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush teachers Miss.Xu
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpush teachers Miss.Yu
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpop teachers
"Miss.Yu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpop teachers
"Miss.Xu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

實(shí)現(xiàn)隊(duì)列（先進(jìn)先出）功能：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> lpush students stu1 stu2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpop students
"stu1"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> rpop students
"stu2"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

場(chǎng)景模擬

##微博或微信公眾號(hào)消息，如Vander關(guān)注了"財(cái)經(jīng)旗艦"露戒、“大眾點(diǎn)評(píng)”兩個(gè)公眾號(hào)
#001為用戶Vander的UserID
#模擬財(cái)經(jīng)旗艦發(fā)送了一個(gè)消息椒功，消息編號(hào)為1001
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush msg:001 msg_1001
(integer) 1
#模擬大眾點(diǎn)評(píng)發(fā)送了一個(gè)消息，消息編號(hào)為1005
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush msg:001 msg_1005
(integer) 2
#查看待閱列表
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange msg:001 0 2
1) "msg_1005"
2) "msg_1001"

1.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-Set

簡(jiǎn)介：即集合智什，存儲(chǔ)一堆不重復(fù)值的組合
使用場(chǎng)景：抽獎(jiǎng)动漾、微信微博點(diǎn)贊、收藏荠锭、標(biāo)簽

Set常用操作

往集合中添加刪除元素：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd students a_stu b_stu
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> spop students
"b_stu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd students c_stu
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> spop students
"c_stu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd students 0_stus
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> spop students
"a_stu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd students a_stu b_stu
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> smembers students
1) "b_stu"
2) "0_stus"
3) "a_stu"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> spop students 3
1) "b_stu"
2) "0_stus"
3) "a_stu"

將三個(gè)集合取并集：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd stuGroup1 stu_a stu_b stu_c
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd stuGroup2 stu_k stu_a stu_b
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sadd stuGroup3 stu_x stu_c stu_b
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> sunion stuGroup1 stuGroup2 stuGroup3
1) "stu_x"
2) "stu_c"
3) "stu_k"
4) "stu_a"
5) "stu_b"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

場(chǎng)景模擬

##模擬抽獎(jiǎng)
# 添加抽獎(jiǎng)用戶
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd draw_user Vander Jason Panda Susan
(integer) 4
# 查看所有參與抽獎(jiǎng)用戶
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers draw_user
1) "Susan"
2) "Jason"
3) "Panda"
4) "Vander"
# 抽取一個(gè)用戶放回的（不放回的用spop draw_user 1）
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember draw_user 1
1) "Susan"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember draw_user 1
1) "Panda"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember draw_user 1
1) "Jason"

##模擬點(diǎn)贊取消點(diǎn)贊证九、收藏删豺、標(biāo)簽
# 點(diǎn)贊，001-消息ID愧怜、1001-用戶ID呀页，說(shuō)明1001用戶對(duì)001消息點(diǎn)贊
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd like:001 1001
(integer) 1
# 1001用戶對(duì)002消息點(diǎn)贊
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd like:002 1001
(integer) 1
# 1002用戶對(duì)001消息點(diǎn)贊
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd like:001 1002
(integer) 1
# 檢查1002用戶是否對(duì)001消息點(diǎn)贊
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember like:001 1002
(integer) 1
# 獲取對(duì)001消息點(diǎn)贊的用戶列表
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers like:001
1) "1001"
2) "1002"
# 獲取對(duì)001消息點(diǎn)贊的用戶數(shù)
127.0.0.1:6379> scard like:001
(integer) 2
# 1001用戶取消對(duì)001消息點(diǎn)贊
127.0.0.1:6379> srem like:001 1001
(integer) 1

Set集合操作

set-集合運(yùn)算.png

集合運(yùn)算應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景：共同關(guān)注、共同喜好拥坛、電商商品篩選

假設(shè)上圖中的集合Set1是A同學(xué)的關(guān)注列表蓬蝶，Set2是B同學(xué)的關(guān)注列表尘分，Set3是C同學(xué)的關(guān)注列表

A同學(xué)和B同學(xué)的共用關(guān)注：Set1∩Set2 -> sinter set1 set2

A同學(xué)關(guān)注的人關(guān)注了他：即A同學(xué)關(guān)注了B同學(xué)，A同學(xué)關(guān)注了C同學(xué)丸氛，B培愁、C同學(xué)都關(guān)注了d
SISMEMBER Set2 d（即A同學(xué)關(guān)注的B同學(xué)關(guān)注了d）
SISMEMBER Set3 d（即A同學(xué)關(guān)注的C同學(xué)關(guān)注了d）

A可能認(rèn)識(shí)的人：SDIFF Set2 Set1 （即從B同學(xué)的關(guān)注列表里列出A同學(xué)沒(méi)有的）

場(chǎng)景模擬

# 添加華為p40手機(jī)
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd brand:huawei p40
(integer) 1
# 添加小米11Pro手機(jī)
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd brand:xiaomi "xiaomi 11 pro"
(integer) 1
# 添加iPhone 12 Pro手機(jī)
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd brand:apple "iPhone 12 Pro"
(integer) 1
# 添加安卓系統(tǒng)的手機(jī)
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd os:android p40 "xiaomi 11 pro"
(integer) 2
# 添加內(nèi)存8G的手機(jī)
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd ram:8G p40 "xiaomi 11 pro" "iPhone 12 Pro"
(integer) 3
# 獲取安卓系統(tǒng)且內(nèi)存為8G的手機(jī)
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter os:android ram:8G
1) "p40"
2) "xiaomi 11 pro"

1.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-Sorted Set（ZSet）

簡(jiǎn)介：即有序集合，存儲(chǔ)一堆不重復(fù)值的組合缓窜，與Set類似定续，區(qū)別在于Set不是自動(dòng)有序，Sorted Set則可以通過(guò)用戶額外提供一個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)（score）來(lái)為成員排序雹洗，并且是插入有序（會(huì)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行排序）

數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-zset.png

使用場(chǎng)景：排行榜香罐、按用戶投票和進(jìn)行時(shí)間排序

ZSet常用操作

往有序集中添加元素：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> del stuGroup1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd stuGroup1 0 "stu_a" 1 "stu_b" 2 "stu_c"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> del stuGroup1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zadd stuGroup1 0 stu_a 1 stu_b 2 stu_c
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrange stuGroup1 0 -1 withscores
1) "stu_a"
2) "0"
3) "stu_b"
4) "1"
5) "stu_c"
6) "2"

移除并顯示有序集的元素：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrem stuGroup1 stu_b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zrange stuGroup1 0 -1 withscores
1) "stu_a"
2) "0"
3) "stu_c"
4) "2"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> zcard stuGroup1
(integer) 2

場(chǎng)景模擬

##使用ZSet實(shí)現(xiàn)排行榜，假設(shè)當(dāng)前百度熱榜是趙麗穎結(jié)婚港粱、鄭爽棄養(yǎng)螃成、喬妹離婚
# 使用此方式登錄，否則顯示亂碼
./redis-cli --raw -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379
# 模擬點(diǎn)擊新聞
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
"4"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 趙麗穎結(jié)婚
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 趙麗穎結(jié)婚
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 喬妹離婚
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 小米11發(fā)布
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210201 1 蘋果發(fā)布會(huì)
"1"
# 展示當(dāng)日點(diǎn)擊量排行前3的新聞查坪，并將點(diǎn)擊量輸出
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange HotNews:20210201 0 2 withscores
鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
4
趙麗穎結(jié)婚
2
蘋果發(fā)布會(huì)
1

#新增其它兩天的點(diǎn)擊量
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210202 1 小米11發(fā)布
1
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210202 1 喬妹離婚
1
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210203 1 鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
1
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby HotNews:20210203 1 小米11發(fā)布
1
# 3天內(nèi)的榜單計(jì)算
127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore HotNews:20210201-20210203 3 HotNews:20210201 HotNews:20210202 HotNews:20210203
5
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange HotNews:20210201-20210203 0 -1 withscores
蘋果發(fā)布會(huì)
1
喬妹離婚
2
趙麗穎結(jié)婚
2
小米11發(fā)布
3
鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
5
# 展示3天排行前3名點(diǎn)擊量的事件
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange HotNews:20210201-20210203 0 2
鄭爽棄養(yǎng)
小米11發(fā)布
趙麗穎結(jié)婚

ZSet集合操作

1.2.5 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)-Hash

簡(jiǎn)介：Hash是一個(gè)string類型的field和value的映射表
使用場(chǎng)景：存儲(chǔ)部分變更數(shù)據(jù)偿曙，如用戶信息

往Hash表中插入元素：

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hset Miss.Xu age 25
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hset Miss.Xu height 170
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hget Miss.Xu age
"25"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> hgetall Miss.Xu
1) "age"
2) "25"
3) "height"
4) "170"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

場(chǎng)景模擬

##對(duì)象緩存
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset user:2010130110 name Vander age 18
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget user:2010130110 name age
1) "Vander"
2) "18"
##電商購(gòu)物車氮凝，key-用戶ID field-商品ID value-商品數(shù)量
# 添加商品
127.0.0.1:6379> hset cart:2010130110 1001 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hset cart:2010130110 1002 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hset cart:2010130110 1003 2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby cart:2010130110 1001 3
(integer) 4
# 獲取商品種類的個(gè)數(shù)
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen cart:2010130110
(integer) 3
# 刪除商品
127.0.0.1:6379> hdel cart:2010130110 1002
(integer) 1
# 獲取購(gòu)物車的所有商品
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall cart:2010130110
1) "1001"
2) "4"
3) "1003"
4) "2"

Hash VS string

優(yōu)勢(shì)：
1）同類數(shù)據(jù)歸類整合存儲(chǔ)，方便數(shù)據(jù)管理
2）相比string操作消耗內(nèi)存與CPU更小
3）相比string存儲(chǔ)更省空間

劣勢(shì)：

1）過(guò)期功能不能使用在field上望忆，只能用在key上
2）Redis集群架構(gòu)下不適合大規(guī)模使用

1.3 Java代碼實(shí)操

下面我們通過(guò)Spring演示以上的數(shù)據(jù)罩阵，細(xì)節(jié)請(qǐng)查看Spring官方文檔：

https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/redis/docs/2.1.8.RELEASE/reference/html/

官方文檔中有這么一句話：
Spring Redis requires Redis 2.6 or above and Spring Data Redis integrates with Lettuce and Jedis, two popular open-source Java libraries for Redis（說(shuō)明Spring的Redis客戶端有Lettuce和Jedis兩種）

1.3.1 Example ：使用Jedis連接單實(shí)例的Redis服務(wù)端

@Profile(“jedis”)—@ActiveProfiles(“jedis”)成對(duì)使用，ActiveProfiles會(huì)選擇對(duì)應(yīng)的Profile進(jìn)行注入
測(cè)試類：JedisTests.java——使用Jedis操作set启摄、hash稿壁、zset、list（模擬隊(duì)列）

package szu.vander.test.standalone;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@ActiveProfiles("single") // 設(shè)置profile
@Slf4j
public class JedisTests {

    @Autowired
    private Jedis jedis;

    // ------------------------ jedis 工具直連演示
    // jedis和redis命令名稱匹配度最高歉备，最為簡(jiǎn)潔傅是，學(xué)習(xí)難度最低

    // 列表~ 集合數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)~ java.util.List，java.util.Stack
    // 生產(chǎn)者消費(fèi)者（簡(jiǎn)單MQ）
    @Test
    public void list() {

        // 插入數(shù)據(jù)1 --- 2 --- 3
        jedis.rpush("queue_1", "1");
        jedis.rpush("queue_1", "2", "3");

        List<String> strings = jedis.lrange("queue_1", 0, -1);
        for (String string : strings) {
            log.info(String.format("往隊(duì)列queue_1中寫入：%s", string));
        }

        // 消費(fèi)者線程簡(jiǎn)例
        while (true) {
            String item = jedis.lpop("queue_1");
            if (item == null) break;
            log.info(String.format("從隊(duì)列queue_1中取出：%s", item));
        }

        jedis.close();
    }

    // 類似：在redis里面存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)hashmap
    // 推薦的方式蕾羊，無(wú)特殊需求是喧笔，一般的緩存都用這個(gè)
    @Test
    public void hashTest() {
        String key = "2010130110";
        jedis.hset(key, "name", "Vander");
        jedis.hset(key, "age", "18");

        jedis.hget(key, "name");
        log.info(String.format("獲取Key=%s的所有相關(guān)屬性：%s", key, jedis.hgetAll(key).toString()));
        jedis.close();
    }

    // 用set實(shí)現(xiàn)（交集 并集）
    // 交集示例： 共同關(guān)注的好友
    // 并集示例：
    @Test
    public void setTest() {
        // 取出兩個(gè)人共同關(guān)注的好友
        // 每個(gè)人維護(hù)一個(gè)set
        jedis.sadd("userA", "userC", "userD", "userE");
        jedis.sadd("userB", "userC", "userE", "userF");
        // 取出共同關(guān)注
        Set<String> intersection = jedis.sinter("userA", "userB");
        log.info(String.format("獲取userA{%s}和userB{%s}的交集：%s", jedis.smembers("userA"), jedis.smembers("userB"), intersection));

        // 取出共同人群
        Set<String> unionSet = jedis.sunion("userA", "userB");
        log.info(String.format("獲取userA{%s}和userB{%s}的并集：%s", jedis.smembers("userA"), jedis.smembers("userB"), unionSet));

        jedis.close();
    }

    // 游戲排行榜
    @Test
    public void zsetTest() {
        String ranksKeyName = "exam_rank";
        jedis.zadd(ranksKeyName, 100.0, "stu1");
        jedis.zadd(ranksKeyName, 82.0, "stu2");
        jedis.zadd(ranksKeyName, 90, "stu3");
        jedis.zadd(ranksKeyName, 96, "stu4");
        jedis.zadd(ranksKeyName, 89, "stu5");
        jedis.zadd(ranksKeyName, 29, "stu6");

        Set<String> stringSet = jedis.zrevrange(ranksKeyName, 0, 2);
        System.out.println("返回前三名:");
        for (String s : stringSet) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        long zcount = jedis.zcount(ranksKeyName, 85, 100);
        System.out.println("超過(guò)85分的數(shù)量 " + zcount);

        jedis.close();
    }
}

JedisConfig

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common.RedisStandaloneProperties;

/**
 * @author : Vander
 * @date :   2021/3/7
 * @description : 注入連接單節(jié)點(diǎn)的Jedis客戶端
 */
@Profile("jedis")
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class JedisConfig {

    @Autowired
    private RedisStandaloneProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public Jedis jedis() {
        log.info("注入Jedis！");
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis(properties.getHostname(), properties.getPort());
        jedis.select(properties.getDb());
        return jedis;
    }

}

User

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.model;

import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.developer.Serialization;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author : Vander
 * @date :   2021/3/7
 * @description : 此對(duì)象需要實(shí)現(xiàn)序列化接口龟再，否則JDK序列化器無(wú)法將其序列化
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {

    private String userId;

    private String username;

}

AppConfig

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.model.User;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author : Vander
 * @date :   2021/3/7
 * @description :
 */
@ComponentScan("szu.jason.redis.standalone")
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public Map<String, User> userRepository() {
        Map<String, User> userRepository = new HashMap<>();
        userRepository.put("2010130110", new User("2010130110", "Jason"));
        userRepository.put("2013130128", new User("2013130128", "Panda"));
        return userRepository;
    }
}

PropertiesConfig

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author : Vander
 * @date :   2021/3/7
 * @description :
 */
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisStandaloneProperties.class)
public class PropertiesConfig {
}

RedisStandaloneProperties

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

/**
 * @author : Vander
 * @date :   2021/3/7
 * @description : 根據(jù)前綴注入屬性值
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "standalone.redis")
public class RedisStandaloneProperties {

    private String hostname;

    private int port;

    private int db;

}

application-redis.properties——配置redis服務(wù)

standalone.redis.hostname=192.168.118.8
standalone.redis.port=6379
standalone.redis.db=1

Pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cache-redis-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>szu.jason</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>redis-standalone</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
            <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

1.3.2 Example ：使用Lettuce連接單實(shí)例的Redis服務(wù)端

測(cè)試類：使用Lettuce客戶端操作Hash類型的數(shù)據(jù)

package test.redis.standalone;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ImportAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common.AppConfig;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.model.User;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.service.LettuceExampleService;


@ActiveProfiles("lettuce")
@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@PropertySource("classpath:application-redis.properties")
@ImportAutoConfiguration(classes= AppConfig.class)
public class LettuceTests {

    @Autowired
    private LettuceExampleService exampleService;

    @Test
    public void testGet() throws Exception {
        User user = exampleService.findUser("2010130110");
        System.out.println(user);
    }

}

LettuceConfig

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheWriter;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common.RedisStandaloneProperties;

@Profile("lettuce")
@Slf4j
@EnableCaching
@Configuration
public class LettuceConfig {


    @Autowired
    private RedisStandaloneProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {
        log.info(String.format("注入LettuceConnectionFactory书闸，當(dāng)前Host：%s:%s database:%s！",
                properties.getHostname(), properties.getPort(), properties.getDb()));
        RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration =
                new RedisStandaloneConfiguration(properties.getHostname(), properties.getPort());
        redisStandaloneConfiguration.setDatabase(properties.getDb());
        return new LettuceConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration);
    }

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        log.info("注入RedisTemplate吸申！");
        RedisTemplate redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
        // 可以配置對(duì)象的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則梗劫，比如使用json格式對(duì)object進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)享甸。
        // Object --> 序列化 --> 二進(jìn)制流 --> redis-server存儲(chǔ)
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
        return redisTemplate;
    }

    // 配置Spring Cache注解功能
    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        log.info("注入CacheManager！");
        RedisCacheWriter redisCacheWriter = RedisCacheWriter.nonLockingRedisCacheWriter(redisConnectionFactory);
        RedisCacheConfiguration redisCacheConfiguration = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig();
        RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisCacheWriter, redisCacheConfiguration);
        return cacheManager;
    }

}

LettuceExampleService

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.service;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.model.User;

import java.util.Map;


@Profile("lettuce")
@Slf4j
@Service
public class LettuceExampleService {
    // 參數(shù)可以是任何對(duì)象梳侨，默認(rèn)由JDK序列化
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private Map<String, User> userRepository;

    /**
     * 對(duì)象緩存功能
     */
    public User findUser(String userId) throws Exception {
        User user;
        // 1蛉威、 判定緩存中是否存在
        user = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(userId);
        if (user != null) {
            log.info("從緩存中讀取到值：" + user);
            return user;
        }

        // TODO 2、不存在則讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或者其他地方的值
        user = userRepository.get(userId);
        log.info("從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中讀取到值：" + user);

        // 3走哺、 同步存儲(chǔ)value到緩存蚯嫌。
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(userId, user);
        return user;
    }

}

AppConfig、PropertiesConfig丙躏、RedisStandaloneProperties择示、User、application-redis.properties晒旅、pom均與上個(gè)example一致

1.3.3 Example ：使用Spring Cache實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)移除緩存栅盲、添加緩存、更新緩存

測(cè)試類：模擬查找废恋、更新谈秫、刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)記錄的操作，Spring Cache會(huì)自動(dòng)更新緩存

package test.redis.standalone;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ImportAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.config.common.AppConfig;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.model.User;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.service.SpringCacheService;

@ActiveProfiles("lettuce")
@Slf4j
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@PropertySource("classpath:application-redis.properties")
@ImportAutoConfiguration(classes= AppConfig.class)
public class SpringCacheTests {

    private final static String USER_ID = "2010130110";

    @Autowired
    private SpringCacheService springCacheService;

    @Test
    public void test0FindUserById() {
        User user = springCacheService.findUserById(USER_ID);
        System.out.println("\n");
        log.info("查找到userId為{}的用戶：{}", USER_ID, user.toString());
        System.out.println("\n");
    }

    @Test
    public void test1UpdateUser() {
        springCacheService.updateUser(new User(USER_ID, "Panda"));
        User user = springCacheService.findUserById(USER_ID);
        System.out.println("\n");
        log.info("userId為{}的用戶：{}", USER_ID, user.toString());
        System.out.println("\n");
    }

    @Test
    public void test2DeleteUserById() {
        User user = springCacheService.deleteUserById(USER_ID);
        System.out.println("\n");
        log.info("刪除userId為{}的用戶：{}", USER_ID, user.toString());
        System.out.println("\n");
    }
}

SpringCacheService

package szu.jason.redis.standalone.service;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import szu.jason.redis.standalone.model.User;

import java.util.Map;

@Profile("lettuce")
@Slf4j
@Service
public class SpringCacheService {

    @Autowired
    private Map<String, User> userRepository;

    /**
     * value的作用：寫入Redis時(shí)會(huì)自動(dòng)添加緩存前綴
     * key：支持SpEL表達(dá)式
     * @param userId
     * @return
     */
    @Cacheable(cacheManager = "cacheManager", value = "user", key = "#userId")
    public User findUserById(String userId) {
        // 讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
        User user = userRepository.get(userId);
        System.out.println("\n");
        log.info("從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中讀取到數(shù)據(jù)：{}", user);
        System.out.println("\n");
        return user;
    }

    @CacheEvict(cacheManager = "cacheManager", value = "user", key = "#userId")
    public User deleteUserById(String userId) {
        User user = userRepository.remove(userId);
        System.out.println("\n");
        log.info(String.format("用戶從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)刪除成功鱼鼓，請(qǐng)檢查緩存ID：%s是否已經(jīng)清除拟烫！", user.getUserId()));
        System.out.println("\n");
        return user;
    }

    // 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)更新成功，更新redis緩存
    @CachePut(cacheManager = "cacheManager", value = "user", key = "#user.userId", condition = "#result ne null")
    public User updateUser(User user) {
        // 更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
        userRepository.put(user.getUserId(), user);
        System.out.println("\n");
        log.info("數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行了更新迄本，檢查緩存是否一致");
        System.out.println("\n");
        return user; // 返回最新內(nèi)容硕淑，代表更新成功
    }

}

AppConfig、PropertiesConfig嘉赎、RedisStandaloneProperties置媳、User、application-redis.properties曹阔、pom均與上個(gè)example一致

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：
test0FindUserById：觀察到對(duì)應(yīng)的User被加載到了緩存

test1UpdateUser：觀察到對(duì)應(yīng)的User的名稱被改為了Panda

test2DeleteUserById：觀察到對(duì)應(yīng)的Key已經(jīng)被刪除了

附錄：建議安裝教程

下載Redis半开，解壓后編譯

$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.4.tar.gz
$ tar xzf redis-5.0.4.tar.gz
$ cd redis-5.0.4
$ make

運(yùn)行Redis服務(wù)端

$ src/redis-server
You can interact with Redis using the built-in client:

運(yùn)行Redis客戶端

$ src/redis-cli
redis> set foo bar
OK
redis> get foo
"bar"
···