python 的日志logging模塊學習
1.簡單的將日志打印到屏幕
import logging
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
WARNING:root:This is warning message
默認情況下宣蠕,logging將日志打印到屏幕笛园,日志級別為WARNING兜挨;
日志級別大小關系為:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET退唠,當然也可以自己定義日志級別箩艺。
2.通過logging.basicConfig函數(shù)對日志的輸出格式及方式做相關配置
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w')
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
./myapp.log文件中內容為:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
logging.basicConfig函數(shù)各參數(shù):
filename: 指定日志文件名
filemode: 和file函數(shù)意義相同窜醉,指定日志文件的打開模式,'w'或'a'
format: 指定輸出的格式和內容艺谆,format可以輸出很多有用信息榨惰,如上例所示:
%(levelno)s: 打印日志級別的數(shù)值
%(levelname)s: 打印日志級別名稱
%(pathname)s: 打印當前執(zhí)行程序的路徑,其實就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s: 打印當前執(zhí)行程序名
%(funcName)s: 打印日志的當前函數(shù)
%(lineno)d: 打印日志的當前行號
%(asctime)s: 打印日志的時間
%(thread)d: 打印線程ID
%(threadName)s: 打印線程名稱
%(process)d: 打印進程ID
%(message)s: 打印日志信息
datefmt: 指定時間格式静汤,同time.strftime()
level: 設置日志級別琅催,默認為logging.WARNING
stream: 指定將日志的輸出流居凶,可以指定輸出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默認輸出到sys.stderr藤抡,當stream和filename同時指定時侠碧,stream被忽略
3.將日志同時輸出到文件和屏幕
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
filename='myapp.log',
filemode='w')
#################################################################################################
#定義一個StreamHandler,將INFO級別或更高的日志信息打印到標準錯誤缠黍,并將其添加到當前的日志處理對象#
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
console.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
#################################################################################################
logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
root : INFO This is info message
root : WARNING This is warning message
./myapp.log文件中內容為:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
4.logging之日志回滾
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
#################################################################################################
#定義一個RotatingFileHandler弄兜,最多備份5個日志文件,每個日志文件最大10M
Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
################################################################################################
從上例和本例可以看出瓷式,logging有一個日志處理的主對象替饿,其它處理方式都是通過addHandler添加進去的。
logging的幾種handle方式如下:
logging.StreamHandler: 日志輸出到流贸典,可以是sys.stderr盛垦、sys.stdout或者文件
logging.FileHandler: 日志輸出到文件
日志回滾方式,實際使用時用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 遠程輸出日志到TCP/IP sockets
logging.handlers.DatagramHandler: 遠程輸出日志到UDP sockets
logging.handlers.SMTPHandler: 遠程輸出日志到郵件地址
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志輸出到syslog
logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 遠程輸出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志輸出到內存中的制定buffer
logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通過"GET"或"POST"遠程輸出到HTTP服務器
由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志處理方式瓤漏,所以直接包含在logging模塊中腾夯,而其他方式則包含在logging.handlers模塊中,
上述其它處理方式的使用請參見python2.5手冊蔬充!
5.通過logging.config模塊配置日志
#logger.conf
###############################################
[loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
###############################################
[handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=StreamHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
###############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=
上例3:
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example01")
logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')
上例4:
import logging
import logging.config
logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")
logger.debug('This is debug message')
logger.info('This is info message')
logger.warning('This is warning message')