在promtheus+grafana監(jiān)控棧斥杜，blackbox是一款出鏡率比較高的exporter。blackbox支持使用HTTP、HTTPS, DNS, TCP, ICMP和gRPC對目標(biāo)進(jìn)行請求，根據(jù)響應(yīng)結(jié)果來偵測目標(biāo)的健康狀況。實際使用可以選擇不同的探測器戒洼，常用的blackbox探測器有http、tcp允华、icmp和dns圈浇。不同的偵測器，有不同的配置參數(shù)靴寂。

本文以常用的http探測器為例磷蜀，探測的URL為百度主頁：https://www.baidu.com。

1. blackbox
使用docker-compose來管理blackbox容器的運行百炬。創(chuàng)建一個目錄blackbox用來存放相關(guān)文件褐隆，

blackbox目錄內(nèi)容.png

version: '3.3'
services:
  blackbox_exporter:
    image: prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.19.0
    ports:
      - "9115:9115"
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - "./config:/config"
    command: "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"

config/blackbox.yaml

[root@a blackbox]# cat config/blackbox.yaml 
modules:
  http_get:
    prober: http
    timeout: 5s
    http:
      valid_http_versions: ["HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2.0"]
      valid_status_codes: [200]
      no_follow_redirects: false
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: true

配置文件很好理解， 其中配置項”no_follow_redirects:false“主要是防止誤判剖踊，很多站點會配置http到https的跳轉(zhuǎn)庶弃，這時http的返回狀態(tài)碼不是200衫贬，但站點是正常的，加這個選項讓請求根據(jù)響應(yīng)頭”Location“的值再發(fā)起新的請求歇攻，以最終的響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼為準(zhǔn)固惯。

2. prometheus
prometheus的安裝和運行比較簡單。prometheus配置文件如下缴守，
prometheus.yaml

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]

  - job_name: 'blackbox-access-baidu'
    scrape_interval: 1m
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_get]
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - https://www.baidu.com
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 10.0.1.5:9115  # The blackbox exporter's real hostname:port.

有一處不要寫錯了葬毫，

   params:
      module: [http_get]

3. grafana
grafana官網(wǎng)“
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/”有專門針對blackbox exporter的dashboard，根據(jù)需要選擇屡穗，選定后直接通過ID在grafana上導(dǎo)入贴捡。效果圖，

監(jiān)控效果圖.png