python版本快速排序：
1. 簡潔版遞歸：
quick_sort = lambda array: array if len(array) <= 1 else quick_sort([item for item in array[1:] if item <= array[0]]) + [array[0]] + quick_sort([item for item in array[1:] if item > array[0]])
2. 常見版本：
def quick_sort(array, left, right):
if left >= right:
return
low = left
high = right
key = array[low]
while left < right:
while left < right and array[right] > key:
right -= 1
array[left] = array[right]
while left < right and array[left] <= key:
left += 1
array[right] = array[left]
array[right] = key
quick_sort(array, low, left - 1)
quick_sort(array, left + 1, high)
3. 算法導(dǎo)論版：
def quick_sort(array, l, r):
if l < r:
q = partition(array, l, r)
quick_sort(array, l, q - 1)
quick_sort(array, q + 1, r)
def partition(array, l, r):
x = array[r]
i = l - 1
for j in range(l, r):
if array[j] <= x:
i += 1
array[i], array[j] = array[j], array[i]
array[i + 1], array[r] = array[r], array[i+1]
return i + 1
4. 非遞歸版：
def quick_sort(array, l, r):
if l >= r:
return
stack = []
stack.append(l)
stack.append(r)
while stack:
low = stack.pop(0)
high = stack.pop(0)
if high - low <= 0:
continue
x = array[high]
i = low - 1
for j in range(low, high):
if array[j] <= x:
i += 1
array[i], array[j] = array[j], array[i]
array[i + 1], array[high] = array[high], array[i + 1]
stack.extend([low, i, i + 2, high])
