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今天給大家?guī)淼闹R分享為 CNN 新聞有關(guān)對于熬夜人群健康調(diào)查研究锹漱。此外還有有趣的單詞解析以及英語雙關(guān)語的學(xué)習(xí)箭养。本文章意在與讀者分享英語短文的個人翻譯，希望能夠給廣大的英語學(xué)習(xí)與愛好者能夠提供幫助哥牍。
1. 英語短文翻譯分享
標(biāo)題：Night owls have 10% higher mortality risk, study says
研究稱經(jīng)常熬夜的人死亡率會比普通人高出10%
短文來源: CNN news, by Mark Lieber, April 13th
注：中文翻譯中括號里為本人添加解釋毕泌，在于幫助讀者理解。
If the early bird catches the worm, what is the night owl more likely to catch? According to a new study, it's diabetes, psychological problems and an increased risk of dying.
如果說早起的鳥兒有蟲吃嗅辣，那么夜貓子（熬夜的人）將會得到什么呢撼泛？根據(jù)一份最新的（健康）研究，經(jīng)常晚睡的人（有很大概率）患有糖尿病澡谭，（一系列）心理疾病愿题，以及死亡率的攀升。
The study, published Thursday in the journal Chronobiology International, tracked almost half a million adults in the United Kingdom over an average of 6? years. The researchers found that those people who identified as "definite evening types" at the beginning of the study had a 10% increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with "definite morning types."
這一份在 Chronobiology International （國際生物鐘研究） 期刊發(fā)表的研究對大約50萬的英國成年人進行大約長達6.5年的追蹤調(diào)查蛙奖。研究學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)潘酗，在實驗一開始所定義的 “絕對晚睡人群” 的死亡率比 “早睡人群”要高出10%。
Night owls were also more likely to have diabetes, neurological disorders, psychological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and respiratory disorders, according to Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine and a leading author of the study.
Kristen Knutson 是 Northwestern's Feinberg 醫(yī)學(xué)院的副教授外永，同時也是這份研究的領(lǐng)頭人崎脉。他說經(jīng)常晚睡的人更加容易患有糖尿病，神經(jīng)紊亂伯顶，心理問題崇呵，腸胃紊亂，以及呼吸道相關(guān)疾病等等暑中。
"What we think might be happening is, there's a problem for the night owl who's trying to live in the morning lark world," Knutson said. "This mismatch between their internal clock and their external world could lead to problems for their health over the long run, especially if their schedule is irregular.
“我們（研究團隊）認(rèn)為钦讳，對于經(jīng)常晚睡的人來說，白天的工作和生活將會對他們的身體造成一系列的問題掐暮，” Knutson 教授說道蝎抽，“白天的生活違反他們（晚睡的人）體內(nèi)生物鐘，長期持續(xù)這樣的狀況將會造成（嚴(yán)重的）健康問題路克，尤其是生活作息特別不規(guī)律的人群”樟结。
"Previous work has shown that people who are evening types -- are night owls -- tend to have worse health profiles, including things like diabetes and heart disease," Knutson added. "But this is really the first study to look at mortality."
“之前的研究已經(jīng)表明晚睡人群--經(jīng)常熬夜的人--將會伴隨更糟糕的身體狀況，包括糖尿病以及心臟疾病精算，” Knutson 教授接著說瓢宦，“但是我們發(fā)表的文章是第一份關(guān)注于晚睡人群死亡率的研究”。
The researchers relied on data from the UK Biobank -- a large prospective cohort study conducted between 2006 and 2010 that investigated risk factors for major diseases in men and women 37 to 73 years of age. In order to evaluate natural circadian rhythm, otherwise known as their chronotype, participants were asked to identify as "definitely a morning person," "more a morning person than evening person," "more an evening than a morning person" or "definitely an evening person."
這些研究學(xué)者（完成該文章）主要依賴來自英國 Biobank 之前的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)灰羽，Biobank 是在2006年到2010年一份大型前瞻性的群體研究報告驮履，主要集中調(diào)查37歲至73歲人群中造成重大疾病的（潛在）危險因子。為了調(diào)查人群的自然晝夜生理規(guī)律廉嚼，又稱為生物鐘類型玫镐，研究參與者將會被分類成四種類型：“早起人群”，“偏早起人群”怠噪，“偏晚睡人群”恐似，“晚睡人群”。
Of the 433,268 participants, approximately 10,000 died during the study's 6?-year followup period. After controlling for factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status and sleep duration, the researchers found that those who identified as "definite evening types" had a 10% increased risk of dying during the followup period compared with those who identified as "definite morning types."
在4332468名研究參與者中傍念，大約有10000人在6.5年的跟蹤調(diào)查期間死亡矫夷。在研究人員考慮并且去除掉其他的例如性別，年齡捂寿，種族口四，體重指數(shù)，吸煙歷史秦陋，睡覺時長等影響因素之后蔓彩，研究發(fā)現(xiàn) “晚睡人群” 的死亡率要比 “早起人群” 大約高出10%。
The risk of death was not increased for those who identified as "more a morning person" or "more an evening person" compared with the morning larks, according to the report.
"This is just one piece of the puzzle," said Jamie Zeitzer, associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences (sleep medicine) at the Stanford School of Medicine, who was not involved in the research.
根據(jù)研究結(jié)果驳概，與 “早起人群” 相比赤嚼，“偏早起人群” 與 “偏晚睡人群” 的死亡危險性并沒有（明顯的）增加。
“這（揭露的事實）僅僅只是未知的冰山一角”顺又，來自斯坦福醫(yī)學(xué)院精神病與行為科學(xué)（睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)）的 Jamie Zeizer 副教授這樣說道更卒，他并沒有參與到這次的科學(xué)研究項目中來。
"The findings for the mortality actually weren't as robust as I would have hoped. ... I think they would have had stronger results if, instead of just looking at chronotype, they had looked at chronotype alignment: So, are people going to bed at their correct time?" Zeitzer added.
“這些有關(guān)死亡率的結(jié)果事實上并不是像我想象中那么具有說服力稚照。我（個人）認(rèn)為他們（該調(diào)查的研究團隊）如果關(guān)注點放在生物種類型關(guān)聯(lián)性而不僅僅是生物種類型上蹂空，結(jié)果可能會更加強而有力：比如俯萌，人們是不是在（符合他們自身生活規(guī)律的）正常時間上床睡覺？” Zeitzer 教授接著說上枕。
In addition to overall mortality, being a night owl was associated with a number of health problems such as psychological, neurological, gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders.
The association was strongest for psychological disorders: Those who identified as "definite evening types" were nearly twice as likely to report having a psychological illness than those who were "definite morning types," the study found.
除開明顯攀升的死亡率咐熙，經(jīng)常熬夜的人通常還伴隨著一系列的健康問題，例如心理辨萍、精神棋恼、腸胃和呼吸道的相關(guān)生理紊亂。
（熬夜者的）心里紊亂尤其明顯：該研究還表明 “晚睡人群” 中患有心理疾病的人數(shù)要比 “早起人群” 中的人數(shù)高出大約一倍锈玉。
"It's interesting," Zeitzer said. "And it would definitely take some follow-up to see what that means. Is that depression? Is that anxiety? Are there specific psychological phenomena that are more or less related to chronotype, especially the disparity between your chronotype preferred timing and the actual timing of sleep?"
“這樣的研究結(jié)果非常有趣”爪飘，Zeitzer 教授稱±常“接下來可能需要做一些跟隨研究去調(diào)查這樣的結(jié)果到底意味這什么师崎。這些心理疾病究竟是抑郁癥？又或是焦慮癥去团？是否一些特定的精神疾病與生物鐘類型或多或少存在關(guān)聯(lián)性抡诞？尤其需要考慮（研究參與者）所宣稱的睡眠時間與真實睡眠時間存在偏差（這一影響因素）”。
Although the study did not look at the specific causes of death, research has suggested that night owls are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer such as prostate and breast cancer.
A 2014 study also showed that those who stay up late had less white matter in certain areas of the brain associated with depression. White matter consists of nerve projections that relay and coordinate communication between different areas of the nervous system.
盡管該研究沒有調(diào)查具體的死亡原因土陪，但是研究報告還是表明經(jīng)常熬夜者將會有更高的概率患有心血管疾病和特定的一些癌癥疾病昼汗，例如前列腺癌和乳腺癌。
一份來自2014年的研究報告表明在常熬夜的人的大腦中某些區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)更少白色物質(zhì)的存在鬼雀，這一現(xiàn)象與抑郁癥有所聯(lián)系顷窒。這些白色物質(zhì)由神經(jīng)投射物所組成，這些白色物質(zhì)將會幫助不同區(qū)域的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)進行信號傳遞以及信息交流源哩。
According to Knutson, a person's chronotype is probably a mixture of inherited and environmental factors.
"Whether or not you're a night owl is partly determined by your genes, which obviously you can't change, but it's not entirely a given," Knutson said.
根據(jù) Knutson 的說法鞋吉，一個人的生物種類型可能是由遺傳以及環(huán)境因素共同決定的混合產(chǎn)物。
“你是否屬于晚睡人群一部分是由你的基因信息所決定的励烦，很顯然這部分是你自身所不能控制的谓着，然而，這并不是造成你熬夜的全部理由坛掠，” knutson 教授說道赊锚。
Some strategies known to help people trying to switch to an earlier schedule include gradually advancing your bedtime and avoiding the use of technology at night, according to Knutson.
"I want to emphasize the gradual aspect. You can't suddenly tonight just go to bed three hours earlier. It's not going to work," Knutson said.
Knutson 教授稱一些好的策略能夠幫助人們慢慢改善其晚睡的不良生活作息，例如提早自己的上床時間屉栓，又或者是拒絕在睡前（長時間）使用電子產(chǎn)品舷蒲。
“我想強調(diào)的是這（改善晚睡習(xí)慣）是一個循序漸進的過程。你不能今晚立馬就比往日提早三小時睡覺友多，這樣的方式并不能奏效”牲平，Knutson 教授說道。
"You also need to really avoid light at night, including your smartphone and your tablets," she added. "That not only makes it hard to fall asleep; it's also a signal to your clock to start being later again."
“你還需要在睡前避免強光直射（眼睛）域滥，其中就包括使用智能手機和平板電腦纵柿，” 她接著說道蜈抓。“這樣的生活習(xí)慣不僅僅讓你更難入睡藐窄；同時這也是一種讓你體內(nèi)生物鐘（在第二天早晨）難以啟動的生理信號资昧〕晖粒”
For those who still struggle with mornings, finding a job that has flexible hours or hours more consistent with your biological clock could be a solution.
"You can find a job that starts later, but that's not a particularly useful piece of advice for a lot of people," Zeitzer said.
Knutson added, "employers should recognize that some of their employees are going to be morning types and some are going to be evening types.
對于那些仍舊對早起掙扎的人群荆忍，找到一個具有更加靈活上班時間的工作，或者更加適合你生物鐘的工作將會是一個不錯的解決方案撤缴。
“你可以去尋找一個不需要早起的工作刹枉，但是這對于大多數(shù)的人來說都不是一個有用的建議，” Zeitzer 教授稱屈呕。
Knutson 補充道微宝，“雇主應(yīng)該意識到有些雇員是屬于早起人群，而有些人屬于晚睡人群虎眨◇恚”
"And if their work hours were flexible to reflect their biological clock preference and allow the night owls to have a later work schedule, that would be preferable for them and potentially better for their health and their productivity if they're working at the time that's best for them."
“如果雇員的工作時間更加靈活，變得更加適合他們體內(nèi)的生物鐘嗽桩，讓晚睡的人有深夜的工作安排岳守，這樣對于夜貓子群體來說將更加適合他們的身體狀況，同時在他們最適合的時間工作也能提高他們的生產(chǎn)效率碌冶∈。”
Although the researchers controlled for ethnicity, nearly 94% of the participants identified as Caucasian, meaning the results may not be generalizable to other demographics, according to Zeitzer.
"It's limited because of that," he said. "It's strong in that it's a big sample of nearly half a million people, but it is mainly Caucasians of Irish or English descent."
盡管研究學(xué)者已經(jīng)（盡可能的）控制了種族影響因素，但是94%的人屬于白人群體扑庞。Zeitzer 說這樣意味著研究結(jié)果并不能用來概括來自其他地區(qū)的人群種族譬重。
“這份研究報告因此存在局限性，” 他說道罐氨⊥喂妫“大約有50萬人的參與者使得這份研究非常具有說服力，但是其中大部分的參與者都是愛爾蘭或者是英格蘭的白人人群栅隐∷遥”
"It's not intrinsically chronotype that's bad; it's chronotype plus our society ... and not all societies are the same," Zeitzer added. "If you looked in Spain, where people are much later in terms of when they go to work, my guess is that the health consequences are probably less than in the UK."
“本質(zhì)上來說并不是生物鐘類型的過錯；原因歸結(jié)于生物種類型加上社會系統(tǒng)约啊，不是所有的社會系統(tǒng)都是一樣的邑遏，” Zeitzer 教授補充道∏【兀“如果你關(guān)注西班牙记盒，那里的民眾普遍工作時間相對英國要晚一點，我猜測西班牙人的健康程度要比英國民眾差一些外傅〖退保”
Chronotype was also measured based on self-reports rather than objective measures, one of the study's main limitations, according to Knutson.
But the study should still be a wake-up call for night owls, who may want to take extra efforts to maintain a healthy lifestyle, she said.
Knutson 教授說研究中提到的生物鐘類型是一個個人主觀產(chǎn)物而非客觀俩檬，這是該研究報告的一個巨大缺陷。
但是這份研究報告對于仍舊經(jīng)常熬夜但是想維持健康狀態(tài)的人來說碾盟，是一個恰到時間的警告棚辽。
"An important message here is for night owls to realize that they have these potential health problems and therefore need to be more vigilant about maintaining a healthy lifestyle," Knutson added.
"Eating right, exercising, getting enough sleep -- all of these things are important, and maybe particularly so for night owls."
“對于經(jīng)常熬夜的人來說，這（該研究結(jié)果）對他們來說是一份很重要的訊號冰肴，提醒他們身體內(nèi)部具有潛在的健康那個狀況屈藐，這樣能夠警示他們?nèi)ゾS持一個健康的生活作息∥跷荆” Knutson 教授稱联逻。
“健康飲食，經(jīng)常進行體育鍛煉检痰，得到充足的睡眠時間--這些健康的生活習(xí)慣都是非常重要的包归，對于經(jīng)常熬夜的人來說尤為如此∏撸”
2. 英語單詞解析
depression
韋氏詞典（Dictionary by Merriam-Webster）英語學(xué)習(xí)者版（English-language learns）中的解釋:
a. a state of feeling sad
b. a period of time in which there is little economic activity and many people do not have jobs
Depression 在韋氏詞典中有兩種解釋公壤，第一種形容 “心情低落，傷心的狀態(tài)”椎椰，即為大家所熟知的 “沮喪厦幅，抑郁，抑郁癥”俭识。第二種解釋 “形容經(jīng)濟狀況不好的情景”慨削，即為 ”經(jīng)濟蕭條“：
3. Share of Pun (雙關(guān)語)
blue
今天給大家?guī)淼碾p關(guān)詞語同樣非常簡單套媚，blue：
right 有兩種解釋缚态，第一種為大家所熟知的顏色 “藍(lán)色”；第二種不常見的意思形容心情 “憂郁的堤瘤，不開心的”：
大家可以體會一下這句話的雙關(guān)含義：
感謝您的閱讀玫芦。
我是一名普通的英語學(xué)習(xí)愛好者，以上是我今天所整理的一篇文章本辐，非常感謝您的閱讀桥帆。
如果您有任何的意見與建議請在評論區(qū)留下建設(shè)性的看法，我會及時的答復(fù)您慎皱。希望我能與您一起共同進步老虫，喜歡的話別忘記關(guān)注喲！
