一、簡介
- 延遲加載就是我們真正使用某個對象的時候,這個對象才會被創(chuàng)建出來贰剥。而在hibernate中的意思就是只有我們真正需要使用某個對象的時候,才會去查詢筷频。采用第三方的一個庫cglab蚌成,生成代理類。和jdk的動態(tài)代理的區(qū)別是cglab能對類進(jìn)行代理(繼承原先的類生成一個子類凛捏,子類作為代理類)担忧,而jdk的動態(tài)代理只能對實(shí)現(xiàn)了接口的類進(jìn)行代理。
-
hibernate的lazy策略可以使用在:
-
<class>
標(biāo)簽上坯癣,可以取值:true瓶盛、false,默認(rèn)是true示罗,打開惩猫。 -
<property>
標(biāo)簽上,可以取值true蚜点、false轧房,默認(rèn)是true打開,使用較少禽额。需要類增強(qiáng)工具(不講)锯厢。 -
<set><list>
標(biāo)簽上,可以取值true脯倒、false实辑、extra -
<one_to_one><many_to_one>
標(biāo)簽中,單端關(guān)聯(lián)上藻丢,可以取值:false剪撬、proxy、noproxy
-
代理的概念:只有真正使用該對象時才會創(chuàng)建悠反,對于hibernate來說就是只有真正使用的時候才會發(fā)出sql残黑。注意:lazy和Session的生命周期一致。
二斋否、用在class標(biāo)簽上(工程hibernate_lazy4class
)
實(shí)體類(Group.java
)
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
public class Group {
private int id ;
private String name ;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
Group.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="cn.itcast.hibernate.Group" table="_group">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
先在數(shù)據(jù)庫中存入一些數(shù)據(jù):
InitData.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public class InitData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = null ;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Group group = new Group();
group.setName("高二班");
session.save(group);
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
測試:
ClassLazyTest.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.Test;
/*
*在測試的時候有個條件是:設(shè)置<class>標(biāo)簽上的lazy=true梨水,也就是默認(rèn)配置
* */
public class ClassLazyTest {
@Test
public void testLoad1(){
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)sql,因?yàn)闆]有真正用到
Group gorup = (Group) session.load(Group.class, 1);
//這里是不會發(fā)sql的茵臭,因?yàn)橹麈I在上面已經(jīng)給出了
System.out.println("group.id = " + gorup.getId());
//這里是要發(fā)sql的疫诽,因?yàn)樾枰玫? System.out.println("group.name = " + gorup.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
@Test
public void testLoad2(){
Session session = null;
Group group = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
group = (Group) session.load(Group.class, 1);
System.out.println("group.id = " + group.getId());
System.out.println("group.name = " + group.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
//不能正確執(zhí)行,拋出異常旦委,因?yàn)閟ession已經(jīng)關(guān)閉奇徒,hibernate支持lazy策略只有在session打開狀態(tài)下有效
System.out.println("group.name = " + group.getName());
}
}
三、用在集合標(biāo)簽上(工程hibernate_lazy4collection
)
這里我們使用一對多雙向關(guān)聯(lián)的例子缨硝。
實(shí)體類:
Student.java
private int id ;
private String name ;
private Classes classes;
Classes.java
private int id ;
private String name ;
private Set students;
配置:
Student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="cn.itcast.hibernate.Student" table="_student">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Classes.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.hibernate">
<class name="Classes" table="_classes">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all" >
<key column="classesid"/>
<one-to-many class="Student"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
首先我們需要在數(shù)據(jù)庫中存入幾條數(shù)據(jù)摩钙。
測試:
- 1.保持lazy默認(rèn)
CollectionLazyTest1.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.Test;
/*保持lazy默認(rèn)*/
public class CollectionLazyTest1 {
@Test
public void testLoad1(){
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes) session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("classes.name = " + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//會發(fā)出sql
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
@Test
public void testLoad2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//會發(fā)出sql,發(fā)出查詢?nèi)繑?shù)據(jù)的sql
System.out.println("student.count=" + students.size());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:這里我們可以看到在默認(rèn)情況下,不管是集合還是普通屬性都是支持延遲加載的查辩。
- 2.設(shè)置<class>標(biāo)簽上的lazy=false
CellectionlazyTest2.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
/**
* 設(shè)置<class>標(biāo)簽上的lazy=false
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class CellectionlazyTest2 extends TestCase {
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//不會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//會發(fā)出sql
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:看以看到胖笛,當(dāng)我們將class標(biāo)簽上的lazy設(shè)置為false的時候,對于普通屬性就不支持延遲加載了宜岛,但是對于集合來說匀钧,還是支持延遲加載的,這說明谬返,class上的lazy對于集合是沒有影響的之斯。
- 3.設(shè)置集合上的lazy=false,其它默認(rèn)
CellectionlazyTest3.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
/**
* 設(shè)置集合上的lazy=false,其它默認(rèn)
*
*/
public class CellectionlazyTest3 extends TestCase {
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql,會發(fā)出兩條sql分別加載Classes和Student
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//不會發(fā)出sql
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testLoad2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql,會發(fā)出兩條sql分別加載Classes和Count
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//不會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("student.count=" + students.size());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:由于將集合的lazy設(shè)置為false,則集合不支持延遲加載遣铝,那么在使用到Classes的時候就會將查詢集合的sql語句也發(fā)出去佑刷。而在之后的操作中不再發(fā)送sql語句。但是在查詢集合中元素個數(shù)的時候不是發(fā)送的count語句酿炸,而是直接將集合整體查出來瘫絮,再統(tǒng)計。
- 4.設(shè)置集合上的lazy=extra,其它默認(rèn)
CellectionlazyTest4.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
/**
* 設(shè)置集合上的lazy=extra,其它默認(rèn)
* @author Administrator
*/
public class CellectionlazyTest4 extends TestCase {
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//會發(fā)出sql
for (Iterator iter=students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = (Student)iter.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testLoad2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
Classes classes = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Set students = classes.getStudents();
//會發(fā)出sql,發(fā)出一條比較智能的sql
System.out.println("student.count=" + students.size());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:對于直接查詢出集合對象填硕,和lazy為true的情況是一樣的麦萤,是在使用的時候才會發(fā)出鹿鳖,但是對于查詢集合中元素的個數(shù)則和上個例子不一樣了,這里是發(fā)送的count語句壮莹,效率會比較高翅帜,所以在實(shí)際開發(fā)中一般使用此屬性。
四命满、用在單端關(guān)聯(lián)上(工程hibernate_lazy4single_end
)
單端關(guān)聯(lián)有<one-to-one>和<many-to-one>涝滴,兩者比較類似,這里我們使用后者作為例子胶台。在單端關(guān)聯(lián)上的lazy策略可以取值為:false歼疮、proxy、noproxy诈唬。
相關(guān)實(shí)體類:
Group.java
private int id;
private String name;
User.java
private int id;
private String name;
private Group group;
相關(guān)配置:
Group.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.hibernate">
<class name="Group" table="_group">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.hibernate">
<class name="User" table="_user" lazy="false">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
先想數(shù)據(jù)庫中存入一些數(shù)據(jù):
InitData.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public class InitData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = null ;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Group group = new Group();
group.setName("高一班");
session.save(group);
User user1 = new User();
user1.setName("張三");
user1.setGroup(group);
User user2 = new User();
user2.setName("李四");
user2.setGroup(group);
session.save(user1);
session.save(user2);
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
測試:
- 1.<many-to-one>的lazy保持默認(rèn)韩脏,即proxy。
SingleEndTest1.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* 所有l(wèi)azy屬性默認(rèn)
*/
public class SingleEndTest1{
@Test
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
User user = (User)session.load(User.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("user.name=" + user.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Group group = user.getGroup();
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("group.name=" + group.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:可以看到這里的情況和集合的lazy策略一樣铸磅,都是在使用的時候才發(fā)出sql語句骤素。
- 2.將<many-to-one>中的lazy設(shè)置為false,其它默認(rèn)
SingleEndTest2.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
/**
* 將<many-to-one>中的lazy設(shè)置為false,其它默認(rèn)
*/
public class SingleEndTest2{
@Test
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//不會發(fā)出sql
User user = (User)session.load(User.class, 1);
//會發(fā)出sql,發(fā)出兩條sql分別加載User和Group
System.out.println("user.name=" + user.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Group group = user.getGroup();
//不會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("group.name=" + group.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:此時不支持延遲加載了愚屁,即在使用User的時候就會將Group查詢出來济竹。
- 3.<class>標(biāo)簽上的lazy=false,其它默認(rèn)
SingleEndTest3.java
package cn.itcast.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* <class>標(biāo)簽上的lazy=false,其它默認(rèn)
*/
public class SingleEndTest3 {
@Test
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//會發(fā)出sql
User user = (User)session.load(User.class, 1);
//不會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("user.name=" + user.getName());
//不會發(fā)出sql
Group group = user.getGroup();
//會發(fā)出sql
System.out.println("group.name=" + group.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
說明:將普通屬性的lazy設(shè)置為false對單端關(guān)聯(lián)沒有影響,單端關(guān)聯(lián)的lazy策略此時還是proxy霎槐。對于noproxy用的不多送浊,這里不再說明。