# Summary
A mental representation is a mental structure that corresponds to an object, an idea, a collection of information, or anything else, concrete or abstract, that the brain is thinking about.
Everyone on the earth has formed lots of mental representations and has been using it in daily life. Experts in any field differentiate themselves from naives with highly complex and sophisticated representations of various situations.
Mental representations are multiple patterns rather than pieces. The larger and more the patterns an expert has born in mind, the quicker and more correct he is able to assimilate information in the field.
People have turned patterns into long-term memory and thus the neural circuitry in their brain has been changed to produce highly specialized mental representations.
If you want to increase the quality and quantity of mental representations in any field, you should spend more time and energy than others.?
While the mental representations give masters a view of the forest that novices lack, they also allow masters to zero in on the trees when necessary.
#字詞篇
“Chess masters have been playing blindfolded for more than a thousand years, mostly as a way of showing off, although sometimes as a way of handicapping themselves when playing less-skilled opponents”
1. show off: if you say that someone is showing off, you are criticizing them for trying to impress people by showing in a very obvious way that they can do or what they own. 炫耀
[例句] He had been showing off for her at the poker table. (牌桌上他一直在她面前表現(xiàn)自己)
[造句] If you want to impress yourself as quick as possible in the public, you can show off yourself regardless of possible others' critics. This is one quick-fix in some books to teach people to get rid of shyness.
2. handicap:to make something more difficult to do 阻礙
[例句] Rescue efforts have been handicapped by rough seas and hurricane-force winds. (救援工作受到了大浪和颶風(fēng)的阻礙)
[近義詞] disadvantage, disfavor
[造句] Handicapped by unexpected obstacles, you have to handle it face to face and believe your ability to overcome them.
“he would write the position he was studying down on a piece of paper and puzzle over it during school hours”
puzzle over: to think for a long time about something because you cannot understand or solve it.
[例句] The class puzzled over a poem by Shakespeare.
[造句] If you see him pulling his hair, you will think that he is puzzling over the math problems.
“Indeed, one could define a mental representation as a conceptual structure designed to sidestep the usual restrictions that short-term memory places on mental processing.”
sidestep: to avoid talking about a subject, especially by starting to talk about something else. （尤指透過(guò)開始討論別的事情）回避（某個(gè)話題）
[例句] The speaker sidestepped the question by saying that it would take him too long to answer. 演講者借口說(shuō)回答要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間而回避了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
[造句] No matter how many times you sidestep the issue, it remains there unless you handle it.
#熟讀深思
“Either way, reading this book and thinking about the topics I’m discussing will help you create new mental representations, which will in turn make it easier for you to read and learn more about this subject in the future.”
學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)以來(lái)项钮，我最怕的閱讀理解文章就是科技文和經(jīng)濟(jì)文班眯，完全陌生的領(lǐng)域，讀懂了每一個(gè)詞卻沒(méi)有理解整句話到底在說(shuō)些什么烁巫，每次都是連蒙帶猜的糊弄過(guò)去署隘。近來(lái)在準(zhǔn)備考試，終歸不想再這么糊弄過(guò)去亚隙。所以鐵了心的看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人的文章磁餐，專挑經(jīng)濟(jì)類的看。從一開始的4個(gè)小時(shí)一篇（讀完不知所云）到現(xiàn)在的三個(gè)小時(shí)一篇（記得文章大概）恃鞋，終于開始入門了崖媚。今天閱讀看到上面這一段話的后半部分說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們?cè)谀X海中建立了新的mental representations恤浪，將來(lái)在遇到類似主題的文章時(shí)畅哑，學(xué)習(xí)和理解都會(huì)更加容易起來(lái)。如此我也就理解了我的變化根源了水由。
Peak這一類說(shuō)理論證的文體也是我比較抵觸的（之前只喜歡小說(shuō)荠呐，嘿嘿），第一次讀Option B的時(shí)候，真的相當(dāng)痛苦泥张，大家都讀明白了呵恢，我卻腦中一片漿糊。第二本 The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People漸漸能理出思路媚创，一直到現(xiàn)在這一本渗钉，我終于摸到一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)讀此類文體的門道。也因此钞钙，心里不再害怕未知鳄橘。感興趣而又不曾接觸過(guò)，就開始讀起來(lái)芒炼，鉆進(jìn)去再冒出來(lái)瘫怜，多思考，不至于成為大家本刽，但是自己的腦子總算是延伸了鲸湃。
