本系列對應的是尚硅谷周陽Spring Cloud的思維導圖整理的筆記遭殉，用來方便自己后面的知識點回顧。分別以每個知識點作為一篇文章詳細講述源武。

知識點傳送門：
項目源碼

• SpringCloud01：微服務(wù)概述與SpringCloud
• SpringCloud02：Rest微服務(wù)構(gòu)建案例工程模塊
• SpringCloud03：Eureka服務(wù)注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn)
• SpringCloud04：Ribbon負載均衡
• SpringCloud05：Feign負載均衡
• SpringCloud06：Hystrix斷路器
• SpringCloud07：zuul路由網(wǎng)關(guān)
• SpringCloud08：SpringCloud Config分布式配置中心

一、總體介紹

這里以Dept部門模塊做一個微服務(wù)通用案例Consumer消費者（Client）通過REST調(diào)用Provider提供者（Server）提供的服務(wù)

1.Maven的分包分模塊架構(gòu)復習

一個簡單的Maven模塊結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的：
---- app-parent 一個父項目(app-parent)聚合很多子項目(app-util,app-dao,app-service,app-web)
|---- pom.xml (pom)
|
|-------- app-util
| |-------- pom.xml (jar)
|
|-------- app-dao
| |-------- pom.xml (jar)
|
|-------- app-service
| |-------- pom.xml (jar)
|
|-------- app-web
|-------- pom.xml (war)

一個Project帶著多個Module子模塊
MicroServiceCloud父工程（Project）下帶著3個子模塊（Module）

• microservicecloud-api 封裝的整體Entity/接口/公共配置等
• microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 微服務(wù)落地的服務(wù)提供者
• microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 微服務(wù)調(diào)用的客戶端使用

二、構(gòu)建步驟

1.microservicecloud整體父工程Project

1）新建父工程microservicecloud嵌溢，切記是Packageing是pom模式
2）主要是定義POM文件，將后續(xù)各個子模塊公用的jar包等統(tǒng)一提出來蹋岩，類似一個抽象父類
3）POM文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <properties>
   <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
   <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
   <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
   <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
   <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencyManagement>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
       <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
       <type>pom</type>
       <scope>import</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
       <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
       <type>pom</type>
       <scope>import</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <version>5.0.4</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
       <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
       <version>1.0.31</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       <version>1.3.0</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
       <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.3</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <version>${junit.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>log4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
       <version>${log4j.version}</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

2.microservicecloud-api公共子模塊Module

1）新建microservicecloud-api
創(chuàng)建完成后請回到父工程查看pom文件變化
2）修改POM文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent><!-- 子類里面顯示聲明才能有明確的繼承表現(xiàn)赖草，無意外就是父類的默認版本否則自己定義 -->
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId><!-- 當前Module我自己叫什么名字 -->

  <dependencies><!-- 當前Module需要用到的jar包，按自己需求添加剪个，如果父類已經(jīng)包含了秧骑，可以不用寫版本號 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
     <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
   </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

3）新建部門Entity且配合lombok使用

 
package com.atguigu.springcloud.entities;
 
import java.io.Serializable;
 
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
 
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain=true)
public class Dept implements Serializable //必須序列化
{
  private Long  deptno;   //主鍵
  private String  dname;   //部門名稱
  private String  db_source;//來自那個數(shù)據(jù)庫，因為微服務(wù)架構(gòu)可以一個服務(wù)對應一個數(shù)據(jù)庫扣囊，同一個信息被存儲到不同數(shù)據(jù)庫
  
  public Dept(String dname)
  {
   super();
   this.dname = dname;
  }
}

4）mvn clean install后給其它模塊引用乎折，達到通用目的。
也即需要用到部門實體的話如暖，不用每個工程都定義一份笆檀，直接引用本模塊即可。

3.microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 部門微服務(wù)提供者Module

1）新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
創(chuàng)建完成后請回到父工程查看pom文件變化
2）修改POM文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>

  <dependencies>
   <dependency><!-- 引入自己定義的api通用包盒至，可以使用Dept部門Entity -->
     <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
     <version>${project.version}</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>junit</groupId>
     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>mysql</groupId>
     <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
     <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
     <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 修改后立即生效酗洒，熱部署 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
   </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

3）創(chuàng)建YML文件

server:
  port: 8001
  
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路徑
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity別名類所在包
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                       # mapper映射文件
    
spring:
   application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept 
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 當前數(shù)據(jù)源操作類型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驅(qū)動包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01              # 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
    username: root
    password: 123456
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5                                           # 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池的最小維持連接數(shù)
      initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化連接數(shù)
      max-total: 5                                          # 最大連接數(shù)
      max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待連接獲取的最大超時時間

4）工程src/main/resources目錄下新建mybatis文件夾后新建mybatis.cfg.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
  
<configuration>
  <settings>
   <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/><!-- 二級緩存開啟 -->
  </settings>
</configuration>

5）MySQL創(chuàng)建部門數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB01;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB01;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
  deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  dname VARCHAR(60),
  db_source   VARCHAR(60)
);
 
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('開發(fā)部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('財務(wù)部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市場部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('運維部',DATABASE());
 
SELECT * FROM dept;

6）DeptDao部門接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.dao;

import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;

@Mapper
public interface DeptDao
{
  public boolean addDept(Dept dept);

  public Dept findById(Long id);

  public List<Dept> findAll();
}

7）工程src/main/resources/mybatis目錄下新建mapper文件夾后再建DeptMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
 
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
 
  <select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
   select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno}; 
  </select>
  <select id="findAll" resultType="Dept">
   select deptno,dname,db_source from dept; 
  </select>
  <insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
   INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
  </insert>
  
</mapper>

8）DeptService部門服務(wù)接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;

public interface DeptService
{
  public boolean add(Dept dept);
  public Dept    get(Long id);
  public List<Dept> list();
}

9）DeptController部門微服務(wù)提供者REST

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptService;

@RestController
public class DeptController
{
  @Autowired
  private DeptService service;
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept)
  {
   return service.add(dept);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
  {
   return service.get(id);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/list",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public List<Dept> list()
  {
   return service.list();
  } 
}

10）DeptProvider8001_App主啟動類DeptProvider8001_App

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
   SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args);
  }
}

11）測試
瀏覽器輸入：

• http://localhost:8001/dept/get/2
• http://localhost:8001/dept/list

4.microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80部門微服務(wù)消費者Module

1）新建microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80
2）修改POM

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
  <description>部門微服務(wù)消費者</description>

  <dependencies>
   <dependency><!-- 自己定義的api -->
     <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
     <version>${project.version}</version>
   </dependency> 
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 修改后立即生效，熱部署 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
   </dependency>   
  </dependencies>
</project>

3）新建YML文件

server:
  port: 80

4）com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans包下ConfigBean的編寫（類似spring里面的applicationContext.xml寫入的注入Bean）

package com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans;
 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean
{
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
         return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

5）com.atguigu.springcloud.controller包下新建DeptController_Consumer部門微服務(wù)消費者REST

RestTemplate是什么：
RestTemplate提供了多種便捷訪問遠程Http服務(wù)的方法枷遂，
是一種簡單便捷的訪問restful服務(wù)模板類樱衷，是Spring提供的用于訪問Rest服務(wù)的客戶端模板工具集
官網(wǎng)地址
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.3.7.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html
使用
使用restTemplate訪問restful接口非常的簡單粗暴無腦。
(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)這三個參數(shù)分別代表
REST請求地址、請求參數(shù)蜜暑、HTTP響應轉(zhuǎn)換被轉(zhuǎn)換成的對象類型添谊。

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
 
@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer
{
    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
    
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept)
    {
         return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
         return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id, Dept.class);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list()
    {
         return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);
    }   
}

6）DeptConsumer80_App主啟動類

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer80_App
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
   SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
  }
}

7）測試

• http://localhost/consumer/dept/get/2
• http://localhost/consumer/dept/list
• http://localhost/consumer/dept/add?dname=AI