定義“l(fā)ambda”為變量名的本地變量
locals()['lambda']=123
定義“def”為函數(shù)名的全局函數(shù)
globals()['def'] = lambda x:x*3
定義class為類(lèi)名
python中有個(gè)預(yù)定義類(lèi)object今瀑,是所有自定義類(lèi)和內(nèi)置類(lèi)的基類(lèi),所有自定義類(lèi)自動(dòng)繼承object腔丧。
下面這個(gè)是查看它的所有的子類(lèi)的方法
>>> object.__subclasses__()
[<class 'type'>, <class 'weakref'>, <class 'weakcallableproxy'>, <class 'weakproxy'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'bytearray'>,
<class 'bytes'>, <class 'list'>, <class 'NoneType'>, <class 'NotImplementedType'>, <class 'traceback'>, <class 'super'>,
<class 'range'>, <class 'dict'>, <class 'dict_keys'>, <class 'dict_values'>, <class 'dict_items'>,
<class 'dict_reversekeyiterator'>, <class 'dict_reversevalueiterator'>, <class 'dict_reverseitemiterator'>,
<class 'odict_iterator'>, <class 'set'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'slice'>, <class 'staticmethod'>, <class 'complex'>,
<class 'float'>, <class 'frozenset'>, <class 'property'>, <class 'managedbuffer'>, <class 'memoryview'>, <class 'tuple'>,
<class 'enumerate'>, <class 'reversed'>, <class 'stderrprinter'>, <class 'code'>, <class 'frame'>,
<class 'builtin_function_or_method'>, <class 'method'>, <class 'function'>, <class 'mappingproxy'>, <class 'generator'>,
<class 'getset_descriptor'>, <class 'wrapper_descriptor'>, <class 'method-wrapper'>, <class 'ellipsis'>,
<class 'member_descriptor'>, <class 'types.SimpleNamespace'>, <class 'PyCapsule'>, <class 'longrange_iterator'>,
<class 'cell'>, <class 'instancemethod'>, <class 'classmethod_descriptor'>, <class 'method_descriptor'>,
<class 'callable_iterator'>, <class 'iterator'>, <class 'pickle.PickleBuffer'>, <class 'coroutine'>,
<class 'coroutine_wrapper'>, <class 'InterpreterID'>, <class 'EncodingMap'>, <class 'fieldnameiterator'>,
<class 'formatteriterator'>, <class 'BaseException'>, <class 'hamt'>, <class 'hamt_array_node'>,
<class 'hamt_bitmap_node'>, <class 'hamt_collision_node'>, <class 'keys'>, <class 'values'>, <class 'items'>,
<class 'Context'>, <class 'ContextVar'>, <class 'Token'>, <class 'Token.MISSING'>, <class 'moduledef'>, <class 'module'>,
<class 'filter'>, <class 'map'>, <class 'zip'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLock'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib._DummyModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLockManager'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib.ModuleSpec'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, <class 'classmethod'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ImportLockContext'>,
<class '_thread._localdummy'>, <class '_thread._local'>, <class '_thread.lock'>, <class '_thread.RLock'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.WindowsRegistryFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._LoaderBasics'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespacePath'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespaceLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.PathFinder'>,
<class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileFinder'>, <class '_io._IOBase'>, <class '_io._BytesIOBuffer'>,
<class '_io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder'>, <class 'nt.ScandirIterator'>, <class 'nt.DirEntry'>, <class 'PyHKEY'>,
<class 'zipimport.zipimporter'>, <class 'zipimport._ZipImportResourceReader'>, <class 'codecs.Codec'>,
<class 'codecs.IncrementalEncoder'>, <class 'codecs.IncrementalDecoder'>, <class 'codecs.StreamReaderWriter'>,
<class 'codecs.StreamRecoder'>, <class 'MultibyteCodec'>, <class 'MultibyteIncrementalEncoder'>,
<class 'MultibyteIncrementalDecoder'>, <class 'MultibyteStreamReader'>, <class 'MultibyteStreamWriter'>,
<class '_abc_data'>, <class 'abc.ABC'>, <class 'dict_itemiterator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Hashable'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Awaitable'>, <class 'collections.abc.AsyncIterable'>, <class 'async_generator'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Iterable'>, <class 'bytes_iterator'>, <class 'bytearray_iterator'>, <class 'dict_keyiterator'>,
<class 'dict_valueiterator'>, <class 'list_iterator'>, <class 'list_reverseiterator'>, <class 'range_iterator'>,
<class 'set_iterator'>, <class 'str_iterator'>, <class 'tuple_iterator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Sized'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Container'>, <class 'collections.abc.Callable'>, <class 'os._wrap_close'>,
<class 'os._AddedDllDirectory'>, <class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Printer'>,
<class '_sitebuiltins._Helper'>, <class 'types.DynamicClassAttribute'>, <class 'types._GeneratorWrapper'>,
<class 'warnings.WarningMessage'>, <class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Finder'>,
<class 'importlib.abc.Loader'>, <class 'importlib.abc.ResourceReader'>, <class 'operator.itemgetter'>,
<class 'operator.attrgetter'>, <class 'operator.methodcaller'>, <class 'itertools.accumulate'>,
<class 'itertools.combinations'>, <class 'itertools.combinations_with_replacement'>, <class 'itertools.cycle'>,
<class 'itertools.dropwhile'>, <class 'itertools.takewhile'>, <class 'itertools.islice'>, <class 'itertools.starmap'>,
<class 'itertools.chain'>, <class 'itertools.compress'>, <class 'itertools.filterfalse'>, <class 'itertools.count'>,
<class 'itertools.zip_longest'>, <class 'itertools.permutations'>, <class 'itertools.product'>, <class 'itertools.repeat'>,
<class 'itertools.groupby'>, <class 'itertools._grouper'>, <class 'itertools._tee'>, <class 'itertools._tee_dataobject'>,
<class 'reprlib.Repr'>, <class 'collections.deque'>, <class '_collections._deque_iterator'>,
<class '_collections._deque_reverse_iterator'>, <class '_collections._tuplegetter'>, <class 'collections._Link'>,
<class 'functools.partial'>, <class 'functools._lru_cache_wrapper'>, <class 'functools.partialmethod'>,
<class 'functools.singledispatchmethod'>, <class 'functools.cached_property'>, <class 'contextlib.ContextDecorator'>,
<class 'contextlib._GeneratorContextManagerBase'>, <class 'contextlib._BaseExitStack'>]
例如放椰,調(diào)用內(nèi)置str類(lèi)的call方法:
>>> str.__call__(2)#相當(dāng)于str(2)
'2'
下面進(jìn)行騷操作
import types
A = types.new_class('class')
查看效果
>>> object.__subclasses__()
[<class 'type'>, <class 'weakref'>, <class 'weakcallableproxy'>, <class 'weakproxy'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'bytearray'>, <class 'bytes'>, <class 'list'>, <class 'NoneType'>, <class 'NotImplementedType'>, <class 'traceback'>, <class 'super'>, <class 'range'>, <class 'dict'>, <class 'dict_keys'>, <class 'dict_values'>, <class 'dict_items'>, <class 'odict_iterator'>, <class 'set'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'slice'>, <class 'staticmethod'>, <class 'complex'>, <class 'float'>, <class 'frozenset'>, <class 'property'>, <class 'managedbuffer'>, <class 'memoryview'>, <class 'tuple'>, <class 'enumerate'>, <class 'reversed'>, <class 'stderrprinter'>, <class 'code'>, <class 'frame'>, <class 'builtin_function_or_method'>, <class 'method'>, <class 'function'>, <class 'mappingproxy'>, <class 'generator'>, <class 'getset_descriptor'>, <class 'wrapper_descriptor'>, <class 'method-wrapper'>, <class 'ellipsis'>, <class 'member_descriptor'>, <class 'types.SimpleNamespace'>, <class 'PyCapsule'>, <class 'longrange_iterator'>, <class 'cell'>, <class 'instancemethod'>, <class 'classmethod_descriptor'>, <class 'method_descriptor'>, <class 'callable_iterator'>, <class 'iterator'>, <class 'coroutine'>, <class 'coroutine_wrapper'>, <class 'moduledef'>, <class 'module'>, <class 'EncodingMap'>, <class 'fieldnameiterator'>, <class 'formatteriterator'>, <class 'filter'>, <class 'map'>, <class 'zip'>, <class 'BaseException'>, <class 'hamt'>, <class 'hamt_array_node'>, <class 'hamt_bitmap_node'>, <class 'hamt_collision_node'>, <class 'keys'>, <class
'values'>, <class 'items'>, <class 'Context'>, <class 'ContextVar'>, <class 'Token'>, <class 'Token.MISSING'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._DummyModuleLock'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLockManager'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._installed_safely'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.ModuleSpec'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, <class 'classmethod'>, <class '_frozen_importlib.FrozenImporter'>, <class '_frozen_importlib._ImportLockContext'>, <class '_thread._localdummy'>, <class '_thread._local'>, <class '_thread.lock'>, <class '_thread.RLock'>, <class 'zipimport.zipimporter'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.WindowsRegistryFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._LoaderBasics'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespacePath'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespaceLoader'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.PathFinder'>, <class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileFinder'>, <class '_io._IOBase'>, <class '_io._BytesIOBuffer'>, <class '_io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder'>, <class 'nt.ScandirIterator'>, <class 'nt.DirEntry'>, <class 'PyHKEY'>, <class 'codecs.Codec'>, <class 'codecs.IncrementalEncoder'>, <class
'codecs.IncrementalDecoder'>, <class 'codecs.StreamReaderWriter'>, <class 'codecs.StreamRecoder'>, <class '_abc_data'>, <class 'abc.ABC'>, <class 'dict_itemiterator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Hashable'>, <class 'collections.abc.Awaitable'>, <class 'collections.abc.AsyncIterable'>, <class 'async_generator'>, <class 'collections.abc.Iterable'>, <class 'bytes_iterator'>, <class 'bytearray_iterator'>, <class 'dict_keyiterator'>, <class 'dict_valueiterator'>, <class 'list_iterator'>, <class 'list_reverseiterator'>, <class 'range_iterator'>, <class 'set_iterator'>, <class 'str_iterator'>, <class 'tuple_iterator'>,
<class 'collections.abc.Sized'>, <class 'collections.abc.Container'>, <class 'collections.abc.Callable'>, <class 'os._wrap_close'>, <class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Printer'>, <class '_sitebuiltins._Helper'>, <class 'MultibyteCodec'>, <class 'MultibyteIncrementalEncoder'>, <class 'MultibyteIncrementalDecoder'>, <class 'MultibyteStreamReader'>, <class 'MultibyteStreamWriter'>, <class 'types.DynamicClassAttribute'>, <class 'types._GeneratorWrapper'>, <class 'warnings.WarningMessage'>, <class 'warnings.catch_warnings'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Finder'>, <class 'importlib.abc.Loader'>, <class 'importlib.abc.ResourceReader'>, <class 'operator.itemgetter'>, <class 'operator.attrgetter'>, <class 'operator.methodcaller'>, <class 'itertools.accumulate'>, <class 'itertools.combinations'>, <class 'itertools.combinations_with_replacement'>, <class 'itertools.cycle'>, <class 'itertools.dropwhile'>, <class 'itertools.takewhile'>, <class 'itertools.islice'>, <class 'itertools.starmap'>, <class 'itertools.chain'>, <class 'itertools.compress'>, <class 'itertools.filterfalse'>, <class 'itertools.count'>, <class 'itertools.zip_longest'>, <class 'itertools.permutations'>, <class 'itertools.product'>, <class 'itertools.repeat'>, <class 'itertools.groupby'>, <class 'itertools._grouper'>, <class 'itertools._tee'>, <class 'itertools._tee_dataobject'>, <class 'reprlib.Repr'>, <class 'collections.deque'>, <class '_collections._deque_iterator'>, <class '_collections._deque_reverse_iterator'>, <class 'collections._Link'>, <class 'functools.partial'>, <class 'functools._lru_cache_wrapper'>, <class 'functools.partialmethod'>, <class 'contextlib.ContextDecorator'>, <class 'contextlib._GeneratorContextManagerBase'>, <class 'contextlib._BaseExitStack'>, <class 'types.class'>]
這個(gè)定義了'types.class'類(lèi),實(shí)例化的方式是:
>>> a = A()
>>> a
<types.class object at 0x031E6610>
如果想把它改在命名空間main底下愉粤,怎么弄呢砾医?
>>> A.__module__ = __name__
>>> A
<class '__main__.class'>
搞定了。
在命名空間“main”下定義object為類(lèi)名
>>> A = type('object',(object,),{})#繼承object
>>> A
<class '__main__.object'>
定義for為屬性名衣厘,定義while為方法名
class A:
def __init__(self):
setattr(self,'for',123)
setattr(self,'while',lambda self:getattr(self,'for')*2)