學(xué)習(xí)小組Day3筆記--乳酸君

就像在windows或Mac系統(tǒng)上一樣惩歉,當(dāng)我們拿到一個(gè)新的電腦或手機(jī)的時(shí)候,我們會(huì)根據(jù)我們的需要安裝不同的軟件俏蛮,比如我們可能會(huì)安裝微信用來(lái)社交撑蚌、安裝word等軟件用于辦公。而今天的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容則是有關(guān)在Linux上安裝和管理軟件的基本操作搏屑。

包管理系統(tǒng)(PMS)

為了方便軟件的安裝争涌,Linux的開(kāi)發(fā)人員將軟件包打包成更易于安裝的預(yù)編譯包,就像買了處理好并且搭配好了的食材辣恋,不用像自己買菜一樣從頭開(kāi)始挑選還要擔(dān)心是不是忘記買了什么食材亮垫。而有這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)模软,則能夠?qū)ξ覀兙烤官I了什么菜、菜的新鮮程度等進(jìn)行了記錄饮潦,這就是所謂的包管理系統(tǒng)燃异。簡(jiǎn)而言之,它主要可以做下面這些事情:

  • 記錄Linux上已經(jīng)安裝了什么軟件(買了什么菜)
  • 記錄每個(gè)包安裝了什么文件(這個(gè)菜搭配了什么調(diào)料)
  • 記錄每個(gè)已安裝軟件包的版本(這個(gè)菜是否新鮮)
  • 搜索新的軟件包或?qū)σ延械倪M(jìn)行更新(發(fā)現(xiàn)更新鮮的菜)
  • 檢測(cè)包之間的依賴關(guān)系继蜡,并事先安裝額外的軟件包(菜的搭配)

Conda簡(jiǎn)介

Conda 是一個(gè)開(kāi)源的軟件包管理系統(tǒng)和環(huán)境管理系統(tǒng)特铝,用于安裝多個(gè)版本的軟件包及其依賴關(guān)系,并在它們之間輕松切換壹瘟。 Conda 是為 Python 程序創(chuàng)建的鲫剿,適用于 Linux,OS X 和Windows稻轨,也可以打包和分發(fā)其他軟件灵莲。

教程中對(duì)它進(jìn)行了非常形象的比喻,將它比作Linux系統(tǒng)上的Appstore殴俱,再結(jié)合之前對(duì)包管理系統(tǒng)的定義政冻,腦海便大致有了比較形象的畫(huà)面。唯一不同的是线欲,我們沒(méi)法用鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)行點(diǎn)擊明场,而是在用一行行代碼,在這里進(jìn)行操作李丰。我們可以將conda理解為一個(gè)工具苦锨,同時(shí)它也是一個(gè)可執(zhí)行命令。

Conda趴泌、Anaconda和Miniconda

CONDA家族關(guān)系圖

就像圖里所展示的一樣舟舒,Miniconda包含了CondaPython以及一些比較基礎(chǔ)的軟件包嗜憔,可以用小而精悍來(lái)形容秃励。所以教程中也使用了“專一”來(lái)形容它,對(duì)于生信領(lǐng)域也及其合適吉捶。

Anaconda則更像是一個(gè)大禮包夺鲜,除了Conda某個(gè)版本的Python之外呐舔,還有很多豐富的軟件包币励、科學(xué)計(jì)算工具等,可以說(shuō)是在Miniconda的基礎(chǔ)上又進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充和添加滋早。

Miniconda的下載榄审、安裝

  • 搜索Miniconda的清華鏡像


    搜索Miniconda清華
  • 選擇進(jìn)入Miniconda鏡像使用幫助當(dāng)中的鏈接:Miniconda鏈接
    Miniconda鏡像使用幫助
  • 查看服務(wù)器的位數(shù),命令為uname -a杆麸,可以看到本機(jī)為x86_64
bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe
zhuyimingdeMacBook-Pro:~ maxxie$ uname -a
Darwin zhuyimingdeMacBook-Pro.local 19.5.0 Darwin Kernel Version 19.5.0: Tue May 26 20:41:44 PDT 2020; root:xnu-6153.121.2~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
zhuyimingdeMacBook-Pro:~ maxxie$ 
  • 找到對(duì)應(yīng)位數(shù)最新版本搁进,復(fù)制下載鏈接


    選擇正確位數(shù)浪感、最新版本
  • 登錄服務(wù)器,定位到biosoft目錄下饼问,使用wget 下載鏈接命令進(jìn)行下載

bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ cd biosoft #定位到biosoft目錄
bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ pwd #查看當(dāng)前工作目錄
/home/bio06/biosoft
bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh #wget命令+下載鏈接下載Miniconda
--2020-09-27 18:58:48--  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 93052469 (89M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh’

Miniconda3-latest-L 100%[===================>]  88.74M  3.88MB/s    in 24s     

2020-09-27 18:59:12 (3.71 MB/s) - ‘Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh’ saved [93052469/93052469]
  • 利用bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh命令進(jìn)行安裝影兽,再過(guò)程中有continue的就按Enter鍵,有需要按yes/no的則輸入yes莱革,經(jīng)歷一系列安裝過(guò)程后峻堰,出現(xiàn)下面的界面說(shuō)明安裝成功:
==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
   set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Miniconda3!
  • miniconda的激活,命令為source ~/.bashrc盅视,再輸入conda捐名,出現(xiàn)下面信息說(shuō)明成功:
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ source ~/.bashrc
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda
usage: conda [-h] [-V] command ...

conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.

Options:

positional arguments:
  command
    clean        Remove unused packages and caches.
    config       Modify configuration values in .condarc. This is modeled
                 after the git config command. Writes to the user .condarc
                 file (/home/bio06/.condarc) by default.
    create       Create a new conda environment from a list of specified
                 packages.
    help         Displays a list of available conda commands and their help
                 strings.
    info         Display information about current conda install.
    init         Initialize conda for shell interaction. [Experimental]
    install      Installs a list of packages into a specified conda
                 environment.
    list         List linked packages in a conda environment.
    package      Low-level conda package utility. (EXPERIMENTAL)
    remove       Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
    uninstall    Alias for conda remove.
    run          Run an executable in a conda environment. [Experimental]
    search       Search for packages and display associated information. The
                 input is a MatchSpec, a query language for conda packages.
                 See examples below.
    update       Updates conda packages to the latest compatible version.
    upgrade      Alias for conda update.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help     Show this help message and exit.
  -V, --version  Show the conda version number and exit.

conda commands available from other packages:
  env
  • 添加鏡像,復(fù)制粘貼下列命令運(yùn)行即可闹击,這里使用的是清華的鏡像镶蹋。同時(shí)看了一些鏡像添加的教程,國(guó)內(nèi)除了清華還有北外等鏡像赏半,在這里留個(gè)更加詳細(xì)的教程地址:安裝教程
# 使用清華鏡像
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes #顯示安裝的頻道
conda config --get channels #查看已經(jīng)添加的channels贺归,這里說(shuō)明已經(jīng)安裝成功
--add channels 'defaults'   # lowest priority
--add channels 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free'
--add channels 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge'
--add channels 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda'   # highest priority

Conda常見(jiàn)命令

由于命令一般比較簡(jiǎn)短,但是結(jié)果可能會(huì)很長(zhǎng)断箫,因此將學(xué)習(xí)到的命令先放在最前面進(jìn)行總結(jié)拂酣,而在下面進(jìn)行具體結(jié)果的展示。忘記某項(xiàng)命令時(shí)只需看前面的記錄即可仲义,同時(shí)方便不斷補(bǔ)充更新:

#軟件包相關(guān)
conda list #列出當(dāng)前軟件包
conda search requests #搜索軟件包
conda install requests #安裝軟件包婶熬,后面加-y則全選yes
which requests #查看軟件包安裝的位置
conda install -n 環(huán)境名 requests #指定環(huán)境安裝軟件包
conda remove requests #移除軟件包
#環(huán)境相關(guān)
conda info -e #或者 conda info --env,查看當(dāng)前環(huán)境列表
conda create -n 環(huán)境名 python=版本 #創(chuàng)建新的環(huán)境(可同時(shí)安裝軟件包)
conda activate 環(huán)境名 #激活環(huán)境
conda deactivate #退出環(huán)境
conda remove -n 環(huán)境名 --all #移除某環(huán)境
conda create -n python2 --clone py2 #先克隆一個(gè)環(huán)境(原:py2,新:python2)
conda remove -n py2 --all #再移除原來(lái)的環(huán)境光坝,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境的重命名
#更新相關(guān)
conda update requests #更新軟件包尸诽,可指定環(huán)境
conda update conda #更新conda,保持conda最新
conda update anaconda #更新anaconda
conda update python #更新python
  • 查看當(dāng)前環(huán)境下已安裝的包conda list
conda list
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/bio06/miniconda3:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                        main    defaults
ca-certificates           2020.1.1                      0    defaults
certifi                   2020.4.5.1               py38_0    defaults
cffi                      1.14.0           py38he30daa8_1    defaults
chardet                   3.0.4                 py38_1003    defaults
conda                     4.8.3                    py38_0    defaults
conda-package-handling    1.6.1            py38h7b6447c_0    defaults
cryptography              2.9.2            py38h1ba5d50_0    defaults
idna                      2.9                        py_1    defaults
ld_impl_linux-64          2.33.1               h53a641e_7    defaults
libedit                   3.1.20181209         hc058e9b_0    defaults
libffi                    3.3                  he6710b0_1    defaults
libgcc-ng                 9.1.0                hdf63c60_0    defaults
libstdcxx-ng              9.1.0                hdf63c60_0    defaults
ncurses                   6.2                  he6710b0_1    defaults
openssl                   1.1.1g               h7b6447c_0    defaults
pip                       20.0.2                   py38_3    defaults
pycosat                   0.6.3            py38h7b6447c_1    defaults
pycparser                 2.20                       py_0    defaults
pyopenssl                 19.1.0                   py38_0    defaults
pysocks                   1.7.1                    py38_0    defaults
python                    3.8.3                hcff3b4d_0    defaults
readline                  8.0                  h7b6447c_0    defaults
requests                  2.23.0                   py38_0    defaults
ruamel_yaml               0.15.87          py38h7b6447c_0    defaults
setuptools                46.4.0                   py38_0    defaults
six                       1.14.0                   py38_0    defaults
sqlite                    3.31.1               h62c20be_1    defaults
tk                        8.6.8                hbc83047_0    defaults
tqdm                      4.46.0                     py_0    defaults
urllib3                   1.25.8                   py38_0    defaults
wheel                     0.34.2                   py38_0    defaults
xz                        5.2.5                h7b6447c_0    defaults
yaml                      0.1.7                had09818_2    defaults
zlib                      1.2.11               h7b6447c_3    defaults
  • 查找package信息conda search requests
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda search fastqc # 查找質(zhì)控軟件fastqc
Loading channels: done
# Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
fastqc                        0.10.1               0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.10.1               1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.2               1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.2      pl5.22.0_0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.3               0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.3               1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.4               0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.4               1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.4               2  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.5               1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.5               4  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.5      pl5.22.0_2  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.5      pl5.22.0_3  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.6               2  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.6      pl5.22.0_0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.6      pl5.22.0_1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.7               4  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.7               5  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.7               6  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.7      pl5.22.0_0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.7      pl5.22.0_2  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.8               0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.8               1  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.8               2  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
fastqc                        0.11.9               0  anaconda/cloud/bioconda
  • 安裝package conda install requests,如果需要在安裝過(guò)程中全部選yes可在后面加入?yún)?shù)-y盯另,否則會(huì)需要持續(xù)輸入。

注意:默認(rèn)安裝的為最新版本洲赵,如果需要安裝較舊的版本鸳惯,可以在后面加上Version號(hào)(見(jiàn)上面搜索結(jié)果),如conda install fastqc=0.11.7 -y

(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda install fastqc -y
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done


==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 4.8.3
  latest version: 4.8.5

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda



## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /home/bio06/miniconda3

  added / updated specs:
    - fastqc


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    ca-certificates-2020.6.20  |       hecda079_0         145 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    certifi-2020.6.20          |   py38h32f6830_0         151 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    conda-4.8.5                |   py38h32f6830_1         3.1 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    fastqc-0.11.9              |                0         9.7 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda
    font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono-2.37|       hab24e00_0         388 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    fontconfig-2.13.1          |    h1056068_1002         365 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    freetype-2.10.2            |       he06d7ca_0         905 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    icu-67.1                   |       he1b5a44_0        12.9 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libiconv-1.16              |       h516909a_0         1.4 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libpng-1.6.37              |       hed695b0_2         359 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libuuid-2.32.1             |    h14c3975_1000          26 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libxml2-2.9.10             |       h68273f3_2         1.3 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    openjdk-10.0.2             |    h14c3975_1015       189.2 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    openssl-1.1.1h             |       h516909a_0         2.1 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    perl-5.30.3                |       h516909a_1        16.4 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    python_abi-3.8             |           1_cp38           4 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:       238.3 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  fastqc             anaconda/cloud/bioconda/noarch::fastqc-0.11.9-0
  font-ttf-dejavu-s~ anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono-2.37-hab24e00_0
  fontconfig         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::fontconfig-2.13.1-h1056068_1002
  freetype           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::freetype-2.10.2-he06d7ca_0
  icu                anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::icu-67.1-he1b5a44_0
  libiconv           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libiconv-1.16-h516909a_0
  libpng             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libpng-1.6.37-hed695b0_2
  libuuid            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libuuid-2.32.1-h14c3975_1000
  libxml2            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libxml2-2.9.10-h68273f3_2
  openjdk            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::openjdk-10.0.2-h14c3975_1015
  perl               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::perl-5.30.3-h516909a_1
  python_abi         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::python_abi-3.8-1_cp38

The following packages will be UPDATED:

  ca-certificates     pkgs/main::ca-certificates-2020.1.1-0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::ca-certificates-2020.6.20-hecda079_0
  certifi              pkgs/main::certifi-2020.4.5.1-py38_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::certifi-2020.6.20-py38h32f6830_0
  conda                       pkgs/main::conda-4.8.3-py38_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::conda-4.8.5-py38h32f6830_1
  openssl              pkgs/main::openssl-1.1.1g-h7b6447c_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::openssl-1.1.1h-h516909a_0



Downloading and Extracting Packages
certifi-2020.6.20    | 151 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
fastqc-0.11.9        | 9.7 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
openssl-1.1.1h       | 2.1 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
freetype-2.10.2      | 905 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
conda-4.8.5          | 3.1 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
perl-5.30.3          | 16.4 MB   | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
icu-67.1             | 12.9 MB   | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libxml2-2.9.10       | 1.3 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
fontconfig-2.13.1    | 365 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
openjdk-10.0.2       | 189.2 MB  | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libpng-1.6.37        | 359 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
python_abi-3.8       | 4 KB      | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
ca-certificates-2020 | 145 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libuuid-2.32.1       | 26 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libiconv-1.16        | 1.4 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
font-ttf-dejavu-sans | 388 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done

安裝成功后叠萍,再次conda list芝发,便可以發(fā)現(xiàn)fastqc已經(jīng)被添加進(jìn)列表中了。

  • 刪除package conda remove requests苛谷,同上也可以加入-y參數(shù)以便在卸載過(guò)程中全部選擇yes辅鲸。卸載成功后再次conda list便可發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的包已經(jīng)不存在了。
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda remove fastqc -y
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /home/bio06/miniconda3

  removed specs:
    - fastqc


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    _libgcc_mutex-0.1          |      conda_forge           3 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    _openmp_mutex-4.5          |            1_gnu          22 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    brotlipy-0.7.0             |py38h1e0a361_1000         346 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    cffi-1.14.3                |   py38he30daa8_0         225 KB  defaults
    chardet-3.0.4              |py38h32f6830_1007         170 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    conda-package-handling-1.7.0|   py38h1e0a361_5         914 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    cryptography-3.1.1         |   py38h766eaa4_0         617 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    idna-2.10                  |     pyh9f0ad1d_0          52 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    ld_impl_linux-64-2.35      |       h769bd43_9         617 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libffi-3.3                 |       he6710b0_2          50 KB  defaults
    libgcc-ng-9.3.0            |      h24d8f2e_16         7.8 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libgomp-9.3.0              |      h24d8f2e_16         378 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libstdcxx-ng-9.3.0         |      hdf63c60_16         4.0 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    ncurses-6.2                |       he1b5a44_1         993 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pip-20.2.3                 |             py_0         1.1 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pycosat-0.6.3              |py38h1e0a361_1004         107 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pycparser-2.20             |     pyh9f0ad1d_2          94 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pyopenssl-19.1.0           |             py_1          47 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pysocks-1.7.1              |   py38h32f6830_1          27 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    readline-8.0               |       he28a2e2_2         281 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    requests-2.24.0            |     pyh9f0ad1d_0          47 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    ruamel_yaml-0.15.80        |py38h1e0a361_1002         260 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    setuptools-49.6.0          |   py38h32f6830_1         940 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    six-1.15.0                 |     pyh9f0ad1d_0          14 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    sqlite-3.33.0              |       h4cf870e_0         1.4 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    tk-8.6.10                  |       hed695b0_0         3.2 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    tqdm-4.49.0                |     pyh9f0ad1d_0          54 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    urllib3-1.25.10            |             py_0          92 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    wheel-0.35.1               |     pyh9f0ad1d_0          29 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xz-5.2.5                   |       h516909a_1         343 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    yaml-0.2.5                 |       h516909a_0          82 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    zlib-1.2.11                |    h516909a_1009         106 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        24.3 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  _openmp_mutex      anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-4.5-1_gnu
  brotlipy           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::brotlipy-0.7.0-py38h1e0a361_1000
  libgomp            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libgomp-9.3.0-h24d8f2e_16

The following packages will be REMOVED:

  fastqc-0.11.9-0
  font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono-2.37-hab24e00_0
  fontconfig-2.13.1-h1056068_1002
  freetype-2.10.2-he06d7ca_0
  icu-67.1-he1b5a44_0
  libedit-3.1.20181209-hc058e9b_0
  libiconv-1.16-h516909a_0
  libpng-1.6.37-hed695b0_2
  libuuid-2.32.1-h14c3975_1000
  libxml2-2.9.10-h68273f3_2
  openjdk-10.0.2-h14c3975_1015
  perl-5.30.3-h516909a_1

The following packages will be UPDATED:

  cffi                                1.14.0-py38he30daa8_1 --> 1.14.3-py38he30daa8_0
  chardet                pkgs/main::chardet-3.0.4-py38_1003 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::chardet-3.0.4-py38h32f6830_1007
  conda-package-han~ pkgs/main::conda-package-handling-1.6~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::conda-package-handling-1.7.0-py38h1e0a361_5
  cryptography       pkgs/main::cryptography-2.9.2-py38h1b~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::cryptography-3.1.1-py38h766eaa4_0
  idna                             pkgs/main::idna-2.9-py_1 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::idna-2.10-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  ld_impl_linux-64   pkgs/main::ld_impl_linux-64-2.33.1-h5~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::ld_impl_linux-64-2.35-h769bd43_9
  libffi                                     3.3-he6710b0_1 --> 3.3-he6710b0_2
  libgcc-ng           pkgs/main::libgcc-ng-9.1.0-hdf63c60_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::libgcc-ng-9.3.0-h24d8f2e_16
  libstdcxx-ng       pkgs/main::libstdcxx-ng-9.1.0-hdf63c6~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::libstdcxx-ng-9.3.0-hdf63c60_16
  pip                 pkgs/main/linux-64::pip-20.0.2-py38_3 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::pip-20.2.3-py_0
  pycosat            pkgs/main::pycosat-0.6.3-py38h7b6447c~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::pycosat-0.6.3-py38h1e0a361_1004
  pycparser                  pkgs/main::pycparser-2.20-py_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::pycparser-2.20-pyh9f0ad1d_2
  pyopenssl          pkgs/main/linux-64::pyopenssl-19.1.0-~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::pyopenssl-19.1.0-py_1
  pysocks                   pkgs/main::pysocks-1.7.1-py38_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::pysocks-1.7.1-py38h32f6830_1
  readline               pkgs/main::readline-8.0-h7b6447c_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::readline-8.0-he28a2e2_2
  requests           pkgs/main/linux-64::requests-2.23.0-p~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::requests-2.24.0-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  setuptools            pkgs/main::setuptools-46.4.0-py38_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::setuptools-49.6.0-py38h32f6830_1
  six                 pkgs/main/linux-64::six-1.14.0-py38_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::six-1.15.0-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  sqlite                pkgs/main::sqlite-3.31.1-h62c20be_1 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::sqlite-3.33.0-h4cf870e_0
  tk                         pkgs/main::tk-8.6.8-hbc83047_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::tk-8.6.10-hed695b0_0
  tqdm                          pkgs/main::tqdm-4.46.0-py_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::tqdm-4.49.0-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  urllib3            pkgs/main/linux-64::urllib3-1.25.8-py~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::urllib3-1.25.10-py_0
  wheel              pkgs/main/linux-64::wheel-0.34.2-py38~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::wheel-0.35.1-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  xz                         pkgs/main::xz-5.2.5-h7b6447c_0 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::xz-5.2.5-h516909a_1
  yaml                     pkgs/main::yaml-0.1.7-had09818_2 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::yaml-0.2.5-h516909a_0
  zlib                    pkgs/main::zlib-1.2.11-h7b6447c_3 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::zlib-1.2.11-h516909a_1009

The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:

  _libgcc_mutex           pkgs/main::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-conda_forge
  ncurses                 pkgs/main::ncurses-6.2-he6710b0_1 --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::ncurses-6.2-he1b5a44_1
  ruamel_yaml        pkgs/main::ruamel_yaml-0.15.87-py38h7~ --> anaconda/cloud/conda-forge::ruamel_yaml-0.15.80-py38h1e0a361_1002



Downloading and Extracting Packages
libgomp-9.3.0        | 378 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
requests-2.24.0      | 47 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
urllib3-1.25.10      | 92 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
cryptography-3.1.1   | 617 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pysocks-1.7.1        | 27 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
idna-2.10            | 52 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
sqlite-3.33.0        | 1.4 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
ncurses-6.2          | 993 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
tqdm-4.49.0          | 54 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
chardet-3.0.4        | 170 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libffi-3.3           | 50 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
yaml-0.2.5           | 82 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pycosat-0.6.3        | 107 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
brotlipy-0.7.0       | 346 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libgcc-ng-9.3.0      | 7.8 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
zlib-1.2.11          | 106 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
ld_impl_linux-64-2.3 | 617 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libstdcxx-ng-9.3.0   | 4.0 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pip-20.2.3           | 1.1 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
readline-8.0         | 281 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
setuptools-49.6.0    | 940 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
tk-8.6.10            | 3.2 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
six-1.15.0           | 14 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pyopenssl-19.1.0     | 47 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xz-5.2.5             | 343 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
cffi-1.14.3          | 225 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
wheel-0.35.1         | 29 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
_libgcc_mutex-0.1    | 3 KB      | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
conda-package-handli | 914 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pycparser-2.20       | 94 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
ruamel_yaml-0.15.80  | 260 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
_openmp_mutex-4.5    | 22 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
  • 查看當(dāng)前環(huán)境 conda info --env腹殿,可以看到目前只有一個(gè)base環(huán)境独悴。而前面的星號(hào)則說(shuō)明了該環(huán)境為當(dāng)前所處環(huán)境例书。
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda info --env
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/bio06/miniconda3
  • 新建一個(gè)環(huán)境conda create -n 環(huán)境名 python版本馆截,具體示例如下面所展示撕贞。其中Python=多少為對(duì)Python版本的指定,同時(shí)conda會(huì)為我們尋找Python3中的最新版本昆汹。在下面的演示中坟奥,還在該環(huán)境中安裝了fastqc和trimmomatic(可用一個(gè)命令完成树瞭,不需再額外安裝),因此在結(jié)果中出現(xiàn)了與之前安裝軟件包類似的畫(huà)面爱谁。
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda create -n rna-seq python=3 fastqc trimmomatic -y
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /home/bio06/miniconda3/envs/rna-seq

  added / updated specs:
    - fastqc
    - python=3
    - trimmomatic


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    alsa-lib-1.2.3             |       h516909a_0         560 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    cairo-1.16.0               |    h3fc0475_1005         1.5 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    gettext-0.19.8.1           |    hc5be6a0_1002         3.6 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    giflib-5.2.1               |       h516909a_2          80 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    glib-2.66.0                |       h0dae87d_0         3.5 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    graphite2-1.3.13           |    he1b5a44_1001         102 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    harfbuzz-2.7.2             |       hee91db6_0         1.8 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    jpeg-9d                    |       h516909a_0         266 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    lcms2-2.11                 |       hbd6801e_0         431 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libffi-3.2.1               |    he1b5a44_1007          47 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libtiff-4.1.0              |       hc7e4089_6         668 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libwebp-base-1.1.0         |       h516909a_3         845 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    libxcb-1.13                |    h14c3975_1002         396 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    lz4-c-1.9.2                |       he1b5a44_3         203 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    openjdk-11.0.8             |       hacce0ff_0       173.3 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pcre-8.44                  |       he1b5a44_0         261 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pixman-0.38.0              |    h516909a_1003         594 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    pthread-stubs-0.4          |    h14c3975_1001           5 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    python-3.8.5               |h1103e12_9_cpython        21.9 MB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    trimmomatic-0.39           |                1         142 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda
    xorg-fixesproto-5.0        |    h14c3975_1002           8 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-inputproto-2.3.2      |    h14c3975_1002          18 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-kbproto-1.0.7         |    h14c3975_1002          26 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libice-1.0.10         |       h516909a_0          57 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libsm-1.2.3           |    h84519dc_1000          25 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libx11-1.6.12         |       h516909a_0         917 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxau-1.0.9          |       h14c3975_0          13 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxdmcp-1.1.3        |       h516909a_0          18 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxext-1.3.4         |       h516909a_0          51 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxfixes-5.0.3       |    h516909a_1004          17 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxi-1.7.10          |       h516909a_0          45 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxrender-0.9.10     |    h516909a_1002          31 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-libxtst-1.2.3         |    h516909a_1002          31 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-recordproto-1.14.2    |    h516909a_1002           7 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-renderproto-0.11.1    |    h14c3975_1002           8 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-xextproto-7.3.0       |    h14c3975_1002          27 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    xorg-xproto-7.0.31         |    h14c3975_1007          72 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    zstd-1.4.5                 |       h6597ccf_2         712 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:       212.1 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  _libgcc_mutex      anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-conda_forge
  _openmp_mutex      anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-4.5-1_gnu
  alsa-lib           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::alsa-lib-1.2.3-h516909a_0
  ca-certificates    anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::ca-certificates-2020.6.20-hecda079_0
  cairo              anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::cairo-1.16.0-h3fc0475_1005
  certifi            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::certifi-2020.6.20-py38h32f6830_0
  fastqc             anaconda/cloud/bioconda/noarch::fastqc-0.11.9-0
  font-ttf-dejavu-s~ anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono-2.37-hab24e00_0
  fontconfig         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::fontconfig-2.13.1-h1056068_1002
  freetype           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::freetype-2.10.2-he06d7ca_0
  gettext            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::gettext-0.19.8.1-hc5be6a0_1002
  giflib             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::giflib-5.2.1-h516909a_2
  glib               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::glib-2.66.0-h0dae87d_0
  graphite2          anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::graphite2-1.3.13-he1b5a44_1001
  harfbuzz           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::harfbuzz-2.7.2-hee91db6_0
  icu                anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::icu-67.1-he1b5a44_0
  jpeg               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::jpeg-9d-h516909a_0
  lcms2              anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::lcms2-2.11-hbd6801e_0
  ld_impl_linux-64   anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::ld_impl_linux-64-2.35-h769bd43_9
  libffi             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libffi-3.2.1-he1b5a44_1007
  libgcc-ng          anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libgcc-ng-9.3.0-h24d8f2e_16
  libgomp            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libgomp-9.3.0-h24d8f2e_16
  libiconv           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libiconv-1.16-h516909a_0
  libpng             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libpng-1.6.37-hed695b0_2
  libstdcxx-ng       anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libstdcxx-ng-9.3.0-hdf63c60_16
  libtiff            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libtiff-4.1.0-hc7e4089_6
  libuuid            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libuuid-2.32.1-h14c3975_1000
  libwebp-base       anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libwebp-base-1.1.0-h516909a_3
  libxcb             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libxcb-1.13-h14c3975_1002
  libxml2            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::libxml2-2.9.10-h68273f3_2
  lz4-c              anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::lz4-c-1.9.2-he1b5a44_3
  ncurses            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::ncurses-6.2-he1b5a44_1
  openjdk            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::openjdk-11.0.8-hacce0ff_0
  openssl            anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::openssl-1.1.1h-h516909a_0
  pcre               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::pcre-8.44-he1b5a44_0
  perl               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::perl-5.30.3-h516909a_1
  pip                anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::pip-20.2.3-py_0
  pixman             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::pixman-0.38.0-h516909a_1003
  pthread-stubs      anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::pthread-stubs-0.4-h14c3975_1001
  python             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::python-3.8.5-h1103e12_9_cpython
  python_abi         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::python_abi-3.8-1_cp38
  readline           anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::readline-8.0-he28a2e2_2
  setuptools         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::setuptools-49.6.0-py38h32f6830_1
  sqlite             anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::sqlite-3.33.0-h4cf870e_0
  tk                 anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::tk-8.6.10-hed695b0_0
  trimmomatic        anaconda/cloud/bioconda/noarch::trimmomatic-0.39-1
  wheel              anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/noarch::wheel-0.35.1-pyh9f0ad1d_0
  xorg-fixesproto    anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-fixesproto-5.0-h14c3975_1002
  xorg-inputproto    anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-inputproto-2.3.2-h14c3975_1002
  xorg-kbproto       anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-kbproto-1.0.7-h14c3975_1002
  xorg-libice        anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libice-1.0.10-h516909a_0
  xorg-libsm         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libsm-1.2.3-h84519dc_1000
  xorg-libx11        anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libx11-1.6.12-h516909a_0
  xorg-libxau        anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxau-1.0.9-h14c3975_0
  xorg-libxdmcp      anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxdmcp-1.1.3-h516909a_0
  xorg-libxext       anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxext-1.3.4-h516909a_0
  xorg-libxfixes     anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxfixes-5.0.3-h516909a_1004
  xorg-libxi         anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxi-1.7.10-h516909a_0
  xorg-libxrender    anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxrender-0.9.10-h516909a_1002
  xorg-libxtst       anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-libxtst-1.2.3-h516909a_1002
  xorg-recordproto   anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-recordproto-1.14.2-h516909a_1002
  xorg-renderproto   anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-renderproto-0.11.1-h14c3975_1002
  xorg-xextproto     anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-xextproto-7.3.0-h14c3975_1002
  xorg-xproto        anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xorg-xproto-7.0.31-h14c3975_1007
  xz                 anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::xz-5.2.5-h516909a_1
  zlib               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::zlib-1.2.11-h516909a_1009
  zstd               anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/linux-64::zstd-1.4.5-h6597ccf_2



Downloading and Extracting Packages
libffi-3.2.1         | 47 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pixman-0.38.0        | 594 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
graphite2-1.3.13     | 102 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-inputproto-2.3. | 18 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-xproto-7.0.31   | 72 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
python-3.8.5         | 21.9 MB   | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxfixes-5.0.3 | 17 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxtst-1.2.3   | 31 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libtiff-4.1.0        | 668 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
harfbuzz-2.7.2       | 1.8 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
lcms2-2.11           | 431 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-fixesproto-5.0  | 8 KB      | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-renderproto-0.1 | 8 KB      | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
openjdk-11.0.8       | 173.3 MB  | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxau-1.0.9    | 13 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
glib-2.66.0          | 3.5 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxrender-0.9. | 31 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libxcb-1.13          | 396 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxdmcp-1.1.3  | 18 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libice-1.0.10   | 57 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-kbproto-1.0.7   | 26 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libsm-1.2.3     | 25 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
zstd-1.4.5           | 712 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libx11-1.6.12   | 917 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pthread-stubs-0.4    | 5 KB      | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
lz4-c-1.9.2          | 203 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-recordproto-1.1 | 7 KB      | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxi-1.7.10    | 45 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
cairo-1.16.0         | 1.5 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
alsa-lib-1.2.3       | 560 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-libxext-1.3.4   | 51 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
pcre-8.44            | 261 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
libwebp-base-1.1.0   | 845 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
xorg-xextproto-7.3.0 | 27 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
giflib-5.2.1         | 80 KB     | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
gettext-0.19.8.1     | 3.6 MB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
jpeg-9d              | 266 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
trimmomatic-0.39     | 142 KB    | ############################################################################################# | 100% 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate rna-seq
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

安裝成功后晒喷,我們?cè)俅问褂胏onda info --env,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)多出了一個(gè)名為rna-seq的環(huán)境访敌,但是星號(hào)仍在base環(huán)境中厨埋,說(shuō)明當(dāng)前活躍環(huán)境仍為base。

(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda info --env
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/bio06/miniconda3
rna-seq                  /home/bio06/miniconda3/envs/rna-seq
  • 環(huán)境的激活與退出捐顷,在創(chuàng)建新環(huán)境的結(jié)果的末尾便給出了這部分命令荡陷,即激活為 conda activate rna-seq,退出為 conda deactivate迅涮。
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda activate rna-seq
(rna-seq) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda info --env
# conda environments:
#
base                     /home/bio06/miniconda3
rna-seq               *  /home/bio06/miniconda3/envs/rna-seq

?我們可以看到废赞,rna-seq環(huán)境被激活后,前面括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容由base更改為了rna-seq叮姑,而查看環(huán)境后唉地,星號(hào)也移動(dòng)至rna-seq環(huán)境那一行。

(rna-seq) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda deactivate 
(base) bio06@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/biosoft$ conda info --env
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/bio06/miniconda3
rna-seq                  /home/bio06/miniconda3/envs/rna-seq

?而退出環(huán)境后传透,則又變?yōu)閎ase環(huán)境耘沼。

  • 在之前軟件包安裝的命令中,如果不用-n指定環(huán)境名稱朱盐,則被安裝在當(dāng)前活躍環(huán)境群嗤。我們也可以通過(guò)conda install -n 環(huán)境名 包名,指定包的安裝位置兵琳。

  • 一系列更新命令狂秘,因?yàn)楸敬螌W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中均安裝的是最新版本,因此不做結(jié)果的展現(xiàn)躯肌。

conda update requests #更新軟件包者春,可指定環(huán)境
conda update conda #更新conda,保持conda最新
conda update anaconda #更新anaconda
conda update python #更新python
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