堅持運動真的能預(yù)防癌癥？

One of the most important benefits of exercise is in how it reduces our risk of developing a number of types of cancer — especially colorectal cancer, which according to some estimates is the malignancy most influenced by physical activity.

運動最重要的好處之一就是降低我們患多種癌癥的風(fēng)險哲戚，尤其是直腸癌找筝，據(jù)一些研究废睦，在惡性腫瘤中，運動對直腸癌最有效逢倍。

But how workouts guard against colon cancer remains largely unknown. Physical activity speeds the movement of waste through the intestines, as anyone who has had to hunt for a bathroom during a workout knows.

但是運動如何能預(yù)防直腸癌仍然是個未知數(shù)怔鳖。在運動時你會發(fā)現(xiàn)上廁所的頻率更高了摹菠，因為運動加速了排泄物在腸道中的運動盒卸。

But this does not seem to fully account for the protective effects of exercise. Instead, a small study published in February in The Journal of Physiology suggests we should also look to changes in our bloodstream after exercise.

但這似乎不能完全解釋運動的預(yù)防作用。不過次氨，2月份在《生理學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表的一項小型研究建議我們可以更多地關(guān)注運動后血液的變化蔽介。

The new study began with scientists at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and other institutions recruiting 20 men who had survived colon cancer. (Women were excluded because menstruation might have affected results.)

這項新的研究由澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)和其他機構(gòu)的科學(xué)家發(fā)起，他們招募了20名直腸癌患者煮寡。（女性被排除在外虹蓄，因為月經(jīng)可能會影響結(jié)果。）

The scientists asked 10 of the men to start working out strenuously three times a week: pedaling a stationary bicycle hard for four minutes, resting for three, and repeating that sequence three more times. They trained for a month and then, a few days after completing the program, rested quietly while researchers drew blood.

科學(xué)家們要求10名男性一周做三次劇烈運動：用力踩靜止單車四分鐘幸撕，休息三分鐘薇组，再重復(fù)三次。訓(xùn)練了一個月之后坐儿，十個人完成了運動計劃律胀。幾天后，研究人員在他們休息時進行抽血貌矿。

The other 10 men completed the same 4 x 4 interval session, but only once. The researchers drew their blood before, immediately following and an additional two hours after that lone workout. 　　另外10名男性完成了同樣的4×4間歇訓(xùn)練炭菌，但只做了一次。研究人員在這項單獨的運動之前逛漫、完成之后以及完成兩個小時之后抽取了他們的血液黑低。

The scientists then carefully added a tiny amount of fluid from the men’s blood to petri dishes containing human colon-cancer tumor cells often used to study cancer growth. At several points during the subsequent 72 hours, the researchers counted the numbers of cells in each dish. They soon saw substantial differences.

然后，科學(xué)家們小心地在含有人類結(jié)腸癌腫瘤細胞（通常用于研究癌細胞生長）的培養(yǎng)皿中加入少量男性血液中的液體酌毡。在接下來的72小時里克握，研究人員計算了每個培養(yǎng)皿中細胞的數(shù)量。他們很快就看到了實質(zhì)性的差異阔馋。

In the dishes containing fluid taken from the men immediately after a single workout, the scientists counted far fewer cancer cells than in those awash in fluid drawn two hours after exercise. There was no similar decline in the dishes from the men who had trained for a month. In effect, something about the blood drawn immediately after the workout was slowing the growth of cancer cells.

相比運動后2小時才抽取的血液玛荞，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在將運動后立即取出的血液加入培養(yǎng)皿后癌細胞會大量減少，而運動后一個月的血液也無法達到這種效果呕寝。實際上，鍛煉后立即抽取的血液會減緩癌細胞的生長。

The researchers think they may have identified that something in subsequent analyses of the men’s blood. They found a large increase in molecules involved in inflammation immediately after exercise. Inflammation can slow cell growth and reproduction.

研究人員認為他們可能在隨后的血液分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些東西下梢。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)運動后客蹋，誘發(fā)炎癥的分子會急速增加，而炎癥可以減緩細胞生長與繁殖孽江。

So a transitory increase in inflammatory markers after exercise might be helping to jam the proliferation of tumor cells, says Tina Skinner, a physiologist who was the senior author of the study.

這項研究的資深作者讶坯、生理學(xué)家蒂娜·斯金納說：“因此，運動后炎癥分子的短暫增加可能有助于癌癥細胞的繁殖岗屏×纠牛”

The implications of these results are both cheering and cautionary. The changes in exercisers’ blood were potent but “transient,” Skinner says.

這些結(jié)果的寓意既讓人振奮又令人警覺。斯金納說这刷，運動者血液中的變化對癌癥是強有力的婉烟，但同時也是“短暫的”。

So activities would have to be repeated to provide any continuing protection, and it remains unclear how intense or prolonged that exercise ideally would need to be, or if the effects extend equally to fighting other types of cancer.

因此暇屋，必須堅持運動以提供持續(xù)的癌癥預(yù)防效果似袁，目前尚不清楚理想情況下運動的強度需要有多大、持續(xù)時間需要多長咐刨，或者其影響是否對其他癌癥也有效昙衅。

But even so, Skinner says, “We would recommend that exercise be embedded as part of standard practice for people living with and beyond cancer.”

盡管如此，斯金納說定鸟，“我們還是建議癌癥患者和預(yù)防癌癥人群將運動作為健康生活實踐的一部分而涉。