一部劇 感受 造詞的樂趣
How I met your mother 是一部跟老友記比較類似的輕松情景喜劇，從大二開始直到現(xiàn)在陪伴我有些年了蓝仲，不僅帶給我無數(shù)歡樂與感動，也讓我領(lǐng)略了語言的魅力官疲。
像這種喜劇的幽默大多通過對話產(chǎn)生袱结，而wordplay是制造笑點的重要的手段之一。
在himym中編劇更是自造了不少詞(也有借用的啦)途凫，好不過癮垢夹。
本文摘選一些例子，瞧瞧英語中究竟怎么個造詞维费。
1. Word-formation構(gòu)詞法
??? 比較直白的造詞就是詞形（form）上發(fā)生變化
1.1 Derivation 派生/前后綴 affixation (prefix&suffix)
e.g. 1 anti-awesometic:??anti+awesome+tic
Anti- 否定前綴“反”果元，如antiwar促王；(t)ic構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴，如dramatic
Barney: I have to face an ugly truth. Jerry Whittaker, my own father, is anti-awesometic. I know Crazy Jerry's still in there somewhere, but he's trapped under 20 years of lawnmower parties and carpool barbecues.?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S6E21,“Hopeless”)
e.g. 2 “Reachers and Settlers”:? 后綴er而晒，高攀的一方和將就的一方
Robin: Well, it's like this, my man. Every good relationship has a reacher and a settler.
Ted: Exactly. One person reaches for someone out of their league, the other one settles for someone below theirs.
Marshall: I did not settle for Lily. Okay, yes, she's a little short, and true, my mom says she doesn't have the hips to birth an Eriksen child, but it… Oh, my God, you guys think I'm the reacher.
Robin: That's why Lily's not jealous. The settler is never jealous of the reacher because where's the reacher gonna go? The settler, Lily, is the best thing that the reacher, Marshall, is ever gonna get.
Marshall: No! Okay, yes,I'm lucky to have Lily, but Lily is just as lucky to have me! Okay? Neither one of us is the reacher.
Robin: Dude, you are so the reacher.??
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???? (S5E13, “Jenkins”)
1.2 Compounding 復合
簡單的說就是兩/多個詞（根）結(jié)合成一個詞蝇狼，有分開寫(tear gas)、用連字符“-”(day-dreamer)和寫在一起(girlfriend)三種可能欣硼。
e.g. 1 Man maker:?構(gòu)成方式如同carmaker题翰。Barney的第一次就是給了manmaker。诈胜。
A lady, often older, who is known for "helping" struggling men/boys lose their virginity.?
Rhonda: No, I'm not having sex with you. Sit down a minute. I'm not the Man maker anymore.You know what, about five years ago, I realized there was an emptiness inside of me that no amount of meaningless sex could fill. I needed something more.And that's when I discovered Indian casinos.???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S3E10, “The Yips”)
e.g. 2 Underpants Radius: 內(nèi)褲半徑隨著自尊下降而變大豹障。Marshall失落的那段日子，只穿四角內(nèi)褲可以走出門焦匈。血公。
Ted: Everyone's got an underpants radius. For most of us, it's the distance from the bedroom to the bathroom,but as your self-esteem gets smaller, your underpants radius gets bigger.
Robin: How big is Marshall's underpants radius??
????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (S4E02,"Best Burger in New York")
e.g. 3 Proxy Bang:代理炮;)
B: You banged my sister!My sweet, little, innocent…
T: Pierced.
B: Really? Where? Don't? answer that! Now I know why I felt everything you did to her last night. Itwasn't a bro-nnection, it was a sis-nnection! Oh, my God. Ted did you…
T: Big-time.
B: Nice! High five!Wait! No! No! Retraction five!
T: Hey, hey, you're the one who begged for a proxy bang.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?? ?????????? (S8E14, "Ring Up")
e.g. 4 Brobibs: Barney's billion-dollar idea of bibs that look exactly like the outfit you're currently wearing. This is a compound between “bro” and “bib”.
Barney: Picture a bib that looks like your suit: a collar, a tie, a jacket...I could call them brobibs!????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?? (S8E09, “Lobster Crawl”)
如圖：
e.g. 5 You're-dead-to-me Look:? 連字符甚至可以把一句話變成一個形容詞
???????? 以及Robin說過的 “what-the-hell attitude” 同理（找不到哪集了：））
Ted (2030): And then Lily gave her dad a look that Marshall had only seen a few times before, a look we all pray never to be on the receiving end of, her You're-dead-to-me look.??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? (S5E09, “Slapsgiving2: Revenge of the Slap”)
如圖：????????
e.g. 6 Stamp Tramp:?stamp印，戳缓熟，章; tramp蕩婦
? ????Marshall眼里誰都好人累魔，stamp of approval稱許之章給誰都蓋，就被起這個名號够滑。
Marshall: 'Cause Brad is an old friend who needs a job. Why shouldn't I give him the old Marshall Eriksen Stamp of Approval?
Robin: Marshall, you're a stamp tramp.
Marshall: How dare you!And what is that?!
Ted: You give your stamp of approval to everything. It's become meaningless.?????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S8E07, “The Stamp Tramp”)
1.3 Blending混合???
???? 單詞砍掉一部分再組合垦写，這種方式最多產(chǎn)了。
???? 如sitcom(situation +comedy), medicare(medical +care), Eurasia(Europe +Asia)
e.g. 1 “Cockmouse”: cock(roach)+mouse
Lily: Yeah. It has six legs, a hard exoskeleton like a roach...
Marshall: But it has mouse-like characteristics. Grey-brown tufts of fur, a tail.
Robin: So which is it, a cockroach or a mouse?
Lily: It's a cockamouse.
Robin: What?
Lily: It's some sort of mutant combination of the two. It's as if a cockroach and a mouse...you know...???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S1E07, "Matchmaker")
e.g. 2 Premature Slapulation: = slap + (ejac)ulation. Premature ejaculation是男性早*問題彰触。Barney當時以為贏了那個打賭梯投，沒等Lily專員批準就扇了Marshall。
Lily: And yet a slap occurred without the permission of the Slap Bet Commissioner.
Marshall: Looks like someone suffered from premature slapulation
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S2E09,“Slap Bet”)
e.g. 3“Slapsgiving”:?= Slaps +(Thanks)giving
Marshall: Oh, hey, by the way, if anyone wants to come over early Thursday, we can watch the Slapsgiving day parade.
Barney: Well, there, you said it again.
Marshall: Said what?
Barney:Slapsgiving.
Marshall: Oh, I guess Idid. You know why? I've invented a new holiday:Slapsgiving. It's the one day we set aside each year to gather together and give slaps.?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S3E09, "Slapsgiving")
e.g. 4 Burgasm: bur(ger) + (or)gasm? 漢堡好吃到高潮
Ted: Oh my god. I'm never brushing my teeth again unless it's with a toothbrush made from this burger.
Lily: I think I just had my first burgasm.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S4E02, “The Best Burger in New York”)
e.g. 5 Suitjamas: suit + (pa)jamas? 西裝睡衣
Marshall : So that's how I go to bed every night: happy, weightless, with a heart full of joy. What about you?
Barney: I have to lie perfectly still so I don't wrinkle my suitjamas. But at least I'm not wearing a dress.???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S4E17, "The FrontPorch")
如圖：
e.g. 6 Douchepocalypse: 走進一個party都是Ted那種文青况毅，豈不是末日來到分蓖？
??????????????????????????????????????? ?? douche+ (a)pocalypse?? 討厭鬼+末日
Barney: One word, made up,Douchepocalypse.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S5E22, "Robots vs.Wrestlers")
其他混合構(gòu)詞的不再贅述，列表如下：
1.4 Conversion (詞性)轉(zhuǎn)化
?????? 最多的是把名詞作動詞用
e.g.1“Suit up”:?把suit作動詞用尔许，如下例還加了過去式-ed
???? 后續(xù)還有 Snow-suit up, Flight-suit up, Penguin-suit up
Ted: Hey, you wanna do something tonight?
Barney: Okay, meet me at the bar in fifteen minutes, and suit up!
Barney: Look at you, you beautiful bastard, you suited up! This is totally going in my blog!
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S1E1, “Pilot”)
e.g. 2 “Lawyerd”: lawyer作動詞用么鹤；Marshall律師身份，就常在爭論時味廊，對方無力反駁了用這個詞表示律師認證了的味道蒸甜，很拽的樣子。
Barney: Oh, gross. What,you have some puritanical hang-up about prostitution? Dude, it's the world's oldest profession.
Marshall: You really think that's true?
Barney: Oh, yeah. I bet even Cro-Magnons used to give cave hookers, like, an extra fish for putting out.
Marshall: Aha, so then the oldest profession would be fishermen. Kaboom! You've been lawyered.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S1E19, "Mary the Paralegal")
e.g. 3 High-five:這里作及物動詞用
Marshall: I miss Barney.I haven't high-fived anyone in like a week. I think I might be starting to lose my fist bone callus.?
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S3E18,"Rebound Bro")???
1.5 Acronymy首字母縮略語
e.g. “G-CWOK”: Gay Couple WithOut Kids?
??????????? ????????如同DINK：丁克dual income, no kids
Marshall: Lily, come on.I'm proud of you. Who-who bought it?
Lily: Well, that's the best part. A gay couple without kids. A G-CWOK!
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S3E19, "Everything Must Go")
2. Semantics語義
??? 除了改變詞形毡们，還可以從意義上延伸迅皇，保持單詞拼寫不變，也可算作新詞衙熔。
2.1 Metaphor比喻
?? ???e.g.1 On the Hook：就是比喻在誰的鉤上，備胎的感覺搅荞，他/她讓你給做事红氯，（暫時）卻不會接受你框咙。 下面還衍生了hookee和hooker表示其中被動和主動的一方
Robin: Oh, Ted. She's got you on the hook.
Ted: What? What? I'm not on the hook.
Barney: Oh, you are totally on the hook.
Robin: She's stringing you along. She's not committing to you, but she's keeping you around just in case, like an old can of chili in the pantry.
Lily: Um, who's buying canned chili and not eating it immediately?
Marshall: Amen, sister.
Robin: Ted, don't feel bad. We've all been there. I've been on both sides of it. I've been a hookee and a hooker. Move past it, guys. I've been a little bit loose, but money never changed hands.
Marshall: I've been on the hook…
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S5E16, "Hooked")
e.g. 2“The Window”: 跟漢語中異曲同工，表示空窗期痢甘。Ted有個喜歡很久的人喇嘱，但她幾乎就沒單身過，空窗期超短塞栅。
Ted: The window is open.
Marshall: What are you waiting for??Ted, run!
...
Ted: It was the perfect girl next door. And still is. All the guys who meet Maggie fall madly in love with her. And that's the problem. Since I know her, she has been single for only three short windows of time.??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S5E10,"The Window")
2.2 Motonymy 借代
e.g. Steak sauce：牛排汁人人愛穆端，這里代指最好的? A1, the best, awesome
Bilson: Nice tie. Steak sauce.
Blauman: Oh, steak sauce! For true, though.
Marshall: Where, I don't, I don't see...
Barney: Marshall? Sidebar. Your tie is steak sauce. It means A1. A1? Get it? Try to keep up.??? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? (S1E17, “Life among the Gorillas”)
2.3 Analogy 類比
e.g. 1 Graduationgoggles：英語中有beer goggles的表達赖草，指受酒精影響像戴上護目鏡影響視線一樣，本來不感性趣的人都變得sexy了；同理graduation goggles 指畢業(yè)的時候就覺得母校好了兢孝，還有bridesmaid goggles 當伴娘就覺得結(jié)婚好了。
Robin: It's graduation goggles.
Marshall: What?
Robin: Graduation goggles, like with high school. It's four years of bullies making fun of all the kids with braces, even after the braces come off and they can walk just fine. But then, on graduation day, you suddenly get all misty because you realize you're never going to see those jerks again. I just had graduation goggles with that guy Scooby I dated.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S6E20,"The Exploding Meatball Sub")
e.g. 2 Phone-five: it is an analogy of high-five, meaning slapping a cell phone as though giving a high five.
Barney: (On the Phone)MacLaren’s is bore, snore. Ted, tonight we’re going to go out. We’re going to meet some ladies. It’s going to be legendary. Phone-five! (High-fives the phone)
Narrator: I had no idea why I hung out with Barney.
Barney: You didn’t phone-five, did you? I know when you don’t phone-five, Ted. Come on, we always go to MacLaren’s.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S1E03, "Sweet Taste ofLiberty")
2.4 Euphemism委婉語
e.g. 1eating a sandwich: 在劇中好幾次出現(xiàn)表示吸大麻
Ted (2030): Kids, to understand this story, you need to know that your Uncle Marshall was doing something that lots of college kids do. How do I say this? He was, uh, let's say eating a sandwich.
College Guy: Dude, I heard the dean is coming. Put out your sandwich.
? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S3E05, "How I Met EveryoneElse")
e.g. 2 “Vocational paradigm shift”:被炒魷魚亡脸； “職業(yè)方式轉(zhuǎn)移” 說的好委婉～
Ted: After he proposed a vocational paradigm shift, I made an impromptu presentation with a four-step approach that put him in the knee.
Barney: You've hit with a chair?
???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ? ???? (S4E18, "Old King Clancy")
說到委婉語怔软，劇中sexual innuendo簡直太豐富，歡迎留言～
3. Etymology詞源
?? ??Ted Mosby 一人有些特性如蚜，所以他的名字被拿來當作詞用了
e.g. 1Ted out: 對簡單的事多想多慮
Lily: Oh, just play it cool. Don't Ted out about it.
Ted: Did you just use my name as a verb????? 下面??詞典體
Barney: Oh, yeah, we do that behind your back. Ted-out: to overthink. Also see Ted-up. Ted-up: to over think something with disastrous results. Sample sentence: Billy Tedded up when...
Ted: OK, I get it. Don't worry, I'm not gonna ted anything up or out. I'll just give it a few more days.???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S1E07, "Matchmaker")
e.g. 2.Mosby: verb&noun;過早說 “I love you”而把對方嚇跑压恒。Barney喜歡上Robin時，Marshall支招讓Robin用這種方式拒絕错邦。
M: Okay, well, first of all… Second of all, there is a maneuver you can try. It's high-risk, but it's also high-reward. For lack of a better term, I'm going to call it The Mosby.
L: The Mosby? No, she couldn't Mosby him.
M: She could Mosby the crap out of him.
?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S4E24, “The Leap”)?
4. Graphic象形
英語不是象形文字探赫，本來應(yīng)該沒有這一類的，誰料編劇腦洞大開弄個無厘頭的詞撬呢，笑笑就好伦吠。
e.g.?“Turturkeykey”:在一個稍大的火雞里不塞平常的填料，而塞一個小些的火雞倾芝。
Ted: Instead of stuffing, I'm going to fill the turkey with... a slightly smaller turkey. It's called a Turturkeykey!
Lily: A Turturkeykey?
Robin: Yeah, I was therefor the "insertion." He used shoehorns. I'll be having sides.
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(S6E10,?? "Blitzgiving")
這些詞咋看有些扯讨勤，跟英語學習有半毛錢關(guān)系？
其實它們能立馬被觀眾理解晨另，是因為依舊遵循了英語約定俗成的構(gòu)詞方法潭千，而不是瞎捏造。
正常的英語單詞也大多是通過其中一種或多種方式誕生借尿。
了解構(gòu)詞法和意義延伸規(guī)律可以大大提高詞匯學習效率刨晴。因為可以同時學習一組類似的詞，而不是單個去記路翻。
相信英語頻道以后也會進一步分享詞匯學相關(guān)的知識
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