亞里士多德——1
一柠衍、柏拉圖 vs 亞里士多德 比較
柏拉圖接受了蘇格拉底的衣缽，將其傳承剩晴，象征著雅典最后的輝煌锣咒；亞里士多德則接受了柏拉圖的衣缽，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了批判思考赞弥，成為了“科學(xué)”的奠基人毅整，是“百科全書式”的人物，在西方哲學(xué)中大致等同于中國孔子的地位绽左。
二毛嫉、唯心唯物 vs 向內(nèi)向外 vs 貧窮富裕
1、人群對(duì)唯心唯物主義選擇的偏向
在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期妇菱，哲學(xué)通常呈現(xiàn)所謂的“向內(nèi)”的發(fā)展承粤，更偏重于唯心主義；在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較好的時(shí)期闯团，哲學(xué)通常呈現(xiàn)所謂的“向外”的發(fā)展辛臊，更偏重于唯物主義。在亞里士多德的年代房交，國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較為迅速彻舰，人民生活水平高于柏拉圖時(shí)代，因此哲學(xué)多為唯物主義，與柏拉圖時(shí)代不同刃唤。
由于唯心主義與唯物主義與國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相關(guān)隔心，而經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展多呈現(xiàn)螺旋上升的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，因此唯心主義與唯物主義的哲學(xué)偏向也交替呈現(xiàn)尚胞。這與事物發(fā)展的“肯定-否定-否定之否定”規(guī)律是相一致的硬霍。
至于唯心主義和唯物主義選擇的這一問題，通常內(nèi)心較為強(qiáng)大的人會(huì)偏向于唯心主義笼裳，而內(nèi)心較為普通的人會(huì)選擇唯物主義唯卖。
Aristotle and Greek Science
I. The Historical Background
Aristotle was born at Stagira, a Macedonian city some two hundred miles to the north of Athens, in the year 384 B.C. His father was friend and physician to Amyntas, King of Macedon and grandfather of Alexander. Aristotle himself seems to have become a member of the great medical fraternity of Asclepiads. He was brought up in the odor of medicine as many later philosophers were brought up in the odor of sanctity; he had every opportunity and encouragement to develop a scientific bent of mind; he was prepared from the beginning to become the founder of science.
