Hive開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

1. 介紹

普通聚合函數(shù)聚合的行集是組殴瘦，開(kāi)窗函數(shù)聚合的行集是窗口。
因此驱还，普通聚合函數(shù)每組（Group by）只有一個(gè)返回值涛碑，而開(kāi)窗函數(shù)則可以為窗口中的每行都返回一個(gè)值精堕。

1.1 基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

分析函數(shù)(如：sum(), max(), row_number()...) + 窗口子句(over函數(shù))

1.2 over函數(shù)

over(partition by [column_n] order by [column_m])先按照column_n分區(qū)，相同的column_n分為一區(qū)锌唾，每個(gè)分區(qū)根據(jù)column_m排序（默認(rèn)升序）。

1.3 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)

建表并插入數(shù)據(jù)

-- 建表
create table student_scores(
  id int,
  studentId int,
  language int,
  math int,
  english int,
  classId string,
  departmentId string
);
-- 寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)
insert into table student_scores values 
  (1,111,68,69,90,'class1','department1'),
  (2,112,73,80,96,'class1','department1'),
  (3,113,90,74,75,'class1','department1'),
  (4,114,89,94,93,'class1','department1'),
  (5,115,99,93,89,'class1','department1'),
  (6,121,96,74,79,'class2','department1'),
  (7,122,89,86,85,'class2','department1'),
  (8,123,70,78,61,'class2','department1'),
  (9,124,76,70,76,'class2','department1'),
  (10,211,89,93,60,'class1','department2'),
  (11,212,76,83,75,'class1','department2'),
  (12,213,71,94,90,'class1','department2'),
  (13,214,94,94,66,'class1','department2'),
  (14,215,84,82,73,'class1','department2'),
  (15,216,85,74,93,'class1','department2'),
  (16,221,77,99,61,'class2','department2'),
  (17,222,80,78,96,'class2','department2'),
  (18,223,79,74,96,'class2','department2'),
  (19,224,75,80,78,'class2','department2'),
  (20,225,82,85,63,'class2','department2');

1.4 窗口含義

select studentId,math,departmentId,classId,
-- 符合所有條件的行作為窗口夺英，這里符合department1的有9個(gè)
count(math) over() as count1,
-- 按照classId分組的所有行作為窗口
count(math) over(partition by classId) as count2,
-- 按照classId分組晌涕、按照math排序的所有行作為窗口
count(math) over(partition by classId order by math) as count3,
-- 按照classId分組、按照math排序痛悯，當(dāng)前行向前1行向后2行的行作為窗口
count(math) over(partition by classId order by math rows between 1 preceding and 2 following) as count4,
-- 按照classId分組余黎、按照math排序，當(dāng)前行向后所有行作為窗口
count(math) over(partition by classId order by math rows between current row and unbounded following) as count5
from student_scores where departmentId='department1';

結(jié)果：

studentId    math    departmentId    classId    count1    count2    count3    count4    count5
111          69      department1     class1     9         5         1         3         5
113          74      department1     class1     9         5         2         4         4
112          80      department1     class1     9         5         3         4         3
115          93      department1     class1     9         5         4         3         2
114          94      department1     class1     9         5         5         2         1
124          70      department1     class2     9         4         1         3         4
121          74      department1     class2     9         4         2         4         3
123          78      department1     class2     9         4         3         3         2
122          86      department1     class2     9         4         4         2         1

結(jié)果解析：

studentId=115载萌，
count1為departmentId=department1的行數(shù)為9惧财，
count2為分區(qū)class1中的行數(shù)5，
count3為分區(qū)class1中math<=93的行數(shù)4扭仁，
count4為分區(qū)class1中math值向前1行和向后2行的行數(shù)3垮衷，
count5為分區(qū)class1中當(dāng)前math值到class1分區(qū)結(jié)束的行數(shù)2。

上面可以看到：如果不指定ROWS BETWEEN乖坠，默認(rèn)統(tǒng)計(jì)窗口是從起點(diǎn)到當(dāng)前行
關(guān)鍵是ROWS BETWEEN搀突，也叫做window子句。
PRECEDING：向前
FOLLOWING：向后
CURRENT ROW：當(dāng)前行
UNBOUNDED：無(wú)邊界熊泵，UNBOUNDED PRECEDING表示從最前面的起點(diǎn)開(kāi)始仰迁，UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING表示到最后面的終點(diǎn)

開(kāi)窗函數(shù)可以粗略地分為兩類：聚合開(kāi)窗函數(shù)和排序開(kāi)窗函數(shù)。

2. 聚合開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

2.1 sum函數(shù)

select studentId,math,departmentId,classId,
sum(math) over() as sum1,
sum(math) over(partition by classId) as sum2,
sum(math) over(partition by classId order by math) as sum3,
sum(math) over(partition by classId order by math rows between 1 preceding and 2 following) as sum4,
sum(math) over(partition by classId order by math rows between current row and unbounded following) as sum5
from student_scores where departmentId='department1';

-- 結(jié)果解析：類似count()函數(shù)

min()顽分，max()徐许，avg()都與count()類似

2.2 first_value開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：返回分區(qū)中的第一個(gè)值

select studentId,math,departmentId,classId,
first_value(math) over(partition by classId order by math) as first_value1,
first_value(math) over(partition by classId order by math rows between 1 preceding and 2 following) as first_value2
from student_scores where departmentId='department1';

結(jié)果：

studentid    math    departmentid    classid    first_value1    first_value2
111          69      department1     class1     69              69
113          74      department1     class1     69              69
112          80      department1     class1     69              74
115          93      department1     class1     69              80
114          94      department1     class1     69              93
124          70      department1     class2     70              70
121          74      department1     class2     70              70
123          78      department1     class2     70              74
122          86      department1     class2     70              78

結(jié)果解析：

studentId=122，
first_value1為分區(qū)class2中按照math排序的第一個(gè)值70卒蘸，
first_value2為分區(qū)class2中按照math排序后當(dāng)前行向前1行向后2行區(qū)間的第一個(gè)值78雌隅。

2.3 last_vlaue開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：返回分區(qū)最后一個(gè)值

2.4 lag開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：LAG(col, n, DEFAULT)用于統(tǒng)計(jì)窗口內(nèi)向上第n行的值
col：列名
n：向上n行，[可選，默認(rèn)為1]
DEFAULT：當(dāng)向上n行為NULL時(shí)澄步，取默認(rèn)值冰蘑；如果不指定，則為NULL

select studentId,math,departmentId,classId,
lag(math,2,60) over(partition by classId order by math) as lag1,
lag(math,2) over(partition by classId order by math) as lag2
from student_scores where departmentId='department1';

結(jié)果：

studentid    math    departmentid    classid    lag1    lag2
111          69      department1     class1     60      NULL
113          74      department1     class1     60      NULL
112          80      department1     class1     69      69
115          93      department1     class1     74      74
114          94      department1     class1     80      80
124          70      department1     class2     60      NULL
121          74      department1     class2     60      NULL
123          78      department1     class2     70      70
122          86      department1     class2     74      74

結(jié)果解析：

studentId=113村缸，
lag1為分區(qū)class1按照math排序后當(dāng)前行向上2行的值NULL祠肥，但是設(shè)置了DEFUALT，所以為60梯皿，
lag2因?yàn)闆](méi)有設(shè)置DEFAULT仇箱，所以為NULL。

2.5 lead開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：LEAD(col, n, DEFAULT)與LAG相反东羹，用于統(tǒng)計(jì)窗口內(nèi)向下n行的值
col：列名
n：向下n行剂桥，[可選，默認(rèn)為1]
DEFAULT：當(dāng)向下n行為NULL時(shí)属提，取默認(rèn)值权逗；如果不指定，則為NULL

2.6 cume_dist開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：計(jì)算某個(gè)窗口或分區(qū)中某個(gè)值的累積分布冤议。假定升序排序斟薇，則使用以下公式確定累積分布：(小于等于當(dāng)前值的行數(shù)) / (分區(qū)內(nèi)總行數(shù))

select studentId,math,departmentId,classId,
cume_dist() over(order by math) as cume_dist1,
cume_dist() over(order by math desc) as cume_dist2,
cume_dist() over(partition by classId order by math) as cume_dist3
from student_scores where departmentId='department1';

結(jié)果：

studentid    math    departmentid    classid    cume_dist1            cume_dist2            cume_dist3
111          69      department1     class1     0.1111111111111111    1.0                   0.2
113          74      department1     class1     0.4444444444444444    0.7777777777777778    0.4
112          80      department1     class1     0.6666666666666666    0.4444444444444444    0.6
115          93      department1     class1     0.8888888888888888    0.2222222222222222    0.8
114          94      department1     class1     1.0                   0.1111111111111111    1.0
124          70      department1     class2     0.2222222222222222    0.8888888888888888    0.25
121          74      department1     class2     0.4444444444444444    0.7777777777777778    0.5
123          78      department1     class2     0.5555555555555556    0.5555555555555556    0.75
122          86      department1     class2     0.7777777777777778    0.3333333333333333    1.0

結(jié)果解析：

studentId=115，
cume_dist1=小于等于93的行數(shù)8/總行數(shù)9=0.8888888888888888
cume_dist2=大于等于93的行數(shù)2/總行數(shù)9=0.2222222222222222
cume_dist3=class1分區(qū)內(nèi)小于等于93的行數(shù)4/總行數(shù)5=0.8

3. 排序開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3.1 row_number開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：row_number() over([partition by col1] [order by col2])開(kāi)窗函數(shù)是基于over子句中order by列的一個(gè)排名恕酸。在窗口或分區(qū)內(nèi)從1開(kāi)始排序堪滨，即使遇到col2相等時(shí)，名次依舊增加蕊温。例如：有兩條記錄相等袱箱，但一個(gè)是第一，一個(gè)是第二义矛。

select id,studentId,language,math,english,classId,departmentId,
row_number() over (order by math) as row_number1
from student_scores;

結(jié)果：

id    studentid    language    math    english    classid    departmentid    row_number1
1     111          68          69      90         class1     department1     1
9     124          76          70      76         class2     department1     2
18    223          79          74      96         class2     department2     3
15    216          85          74      93         class1     department2     4
3     113          90          74      75         class1     department1     5
6     121          96          74      79         class2     department1     6
8     123          70          78      61         class2     department1     7
17    222          80          78      96         class2     department2     8
19    224          75          80      78         class2     department2     9
2     112          73          80      96         class1     department1     10
14    215          84          82      73         class1     department2     11
11    212          76          83      75         class1     department2     12
20    225          82          85      63         class2     department2     13
7     122          89          86      85         class2     department1     14
5     115          99          93      89         class1     department1     15
10    211          89          93      60         class1     department2     16
12    213          71          94      90         class1     department2     17
4     114          89          94      93         class1     department1     18
13    214          94          94      66         class1     department2     19
16    221          77          99      61         class2     department2     20

studentId=223, 216, 113, 121的math都為74发笔，但是row_number1的值是遞增的

3.2 rank開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：rank() over([partition by col1] [order by col2])，當(dāng)遇到col2相等時(shí)凉翻，名次相同筐咧，但是下一個(gè)col2值的名次遞增N（N是重復(fù)的次數(shù)）。例如：有兩條記錄是并列第一噪矛，下一個(gè)是第三量蕊，沒(méi)有第二。

select id,studentId,language,math,english,classId,departmentId,
dense_rank() over (order by math) as rank1
from student_scores;

結(jié)果：

id    studentid    language    math    english    classid    departmentid    rank1
1     111          68          69      90         class1     department1     1
9     124          76          70      76         class2     department1     2
18    223          79          74      96         class2     department2     3
15    216          85          74      93         class1     department2     3
3     113          90          74      75         class1     department1     3
6     121          96          74      79         class2     department1     3
8     123          70          78      61         class2     department1     7
17    222          80          78      96         class2     department2     7
19    224          75          80      78         class2     department2     9
2     112          73          80      96         class1     department1     9
14    215          84          82      73         class1     department2     11
11    212          76          83      75         class1     department2     12
20    225          82          85      63         class2     department2     13
7     122          89          86      85         class2     department1     14
5     115          99          93      89         class1     department1     15
10    211          89          93      60         class1     department2     15
12    213          71          94      90         class1     department2     17
4     114          89          94      93         class1     department1     17
13    214          94          94      66         class1     department2     17
16    221          77          99      61         class2     department2     20

從第3行到第6行艇挨，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)了4次残炮，所以第7行rank1為3+4=7

3.3 dense_rank開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：dense_rank() over([partition by col1] [order by col2])與rank類似，當(dāng)遇到col2相等時(shí)缩滨，名次同樣相等势就，不同的是泉瞻，下一個(gè)col2值的名次+1，而不是+N苞冯。

select id,studentId,language,math,english,classId,departmentId,
dense_rank() over (order by math) as dense_rank1
from student_scores;

結(jié)果：

id    studentid    language    math    english    classid    departmentid    dense_rank1
1     111          68          69      90         class1     department1     1
9     124          76          70      76         class2     department1     2
18    223          79          74      96         class2     department2     3
15    216          85          74      93         class1     department2     3
3     113          90          74      75         class1     department1     3
6     121          96          74      79         class2     department1     3
8     123          70          78      61         class2     department1     4
17    222          80          78      96         class2     department2     4
19    224          75          80      78         class2     department2     5
2     112          73          80      96         class1     department1     5
14    215          84          82      73         class1     department2     6
11    212          76          83      75         class1     department2     7
20    225          82          85      63         class2     department2     8
7     122          89          86      85         class2     department1     9
5     115          99          93      89         class1     department1     10
10    211          89          93      60         class1     department2     10
12    213          71          94      90         class1     department2     11
4     114          89          94      93         class1     department1     11
13    214          94          94      66         class1     department2     11
16    221          77          99      61         class2     department2     12

從第3行到第6行math值相等袖牙，dense_rank1為3，所以第7行dense_rank1為4

3.4 ntile開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：ntile(N) over([partition by col1] [order by col2])舅锄，將分區(qū)中的數(shù)據(jù)按照順序劃分為N片鞭达，返回當(dāng)前片的值。
注1：如果切片分布不均勻皇忿，默認(rèn)增加第一個(gè)切片的分布
注2：ntile不支持ROWS BETWEEN

select id,studentId,language,math,english,classId,departmentId,
ntile(2) over(partition by departmentid order by math) as ntile1
from student_scores;

結(jié)果：

id    studentid    language    math    english    classid    departmentid    ntile1
1     111          68          69      90         class1     department1     1     
9     124          76          70      76         class2     department1     1     
6     121          96          74      79         class2     department1     1     
3     113          90          74      75         class1     department1     1     
8     123          70          78      61         class2     department1     1     
2     112          73          80      96         class1     department1     2     
7     122          89          86      85         class2     department1     2     
5     115          99          93      89         class1     department1     2     
4     114          89          94      93         class1     department1     2     
15    216          85          74      93         class1     department2     1     
18    223          79          74      96         class2     department2     1     
17    222          80          78      96         class2     department2     1     
19    224          75          80      78         class2     department2     1     
14    215          84          82      73         class1     department2     1     
11    212          76          83      75         class1     department2     1     
20    225          82          85      63         class2     department2     2     
10    211          89          93      60         class1     department2     2     
12    213          71          94      90         class1     department2     2     
13    214          94          94      66         class1     department2     2     
16    221          77          99      61         class2     department2     2

3.5 percent_rank開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

作用：percent_rank() over([partition by col1] [order by col2])畴蹭，計(jì)算給定行的百分比排名。分組內(nèi)當(dāng)前行的RANK值-1/分組內(nèi)總行數(shù)-1鳍烁，可以用來(lái)計(jì)算超過(guò)了百分之多少的人叨襟。

select id,studentid,language,math,english,classid,departmentid,
percent_rank() over(order by math) as rn1 
from student_scores;

結(jié)果：

id    studentid    language    math    english    classid    departmentid    rn1
1     111          68          69      90         class1     department1     0.0
9     124          76          70      76         class2     department1     0.05263157894736842
18    223          79          74      96         class2     department2     0.10526315789473684
15    216          85          74      93         class1     department2     0.10526315789473684
3     113          90          74      75         class1     department1     0.10526315789473684
6     121          96          74      79         class2     department1     0.10526315789473684
8     123          70          78      61         class2     department1     0.3157894736842105
17    222          80          78      96         class2     department2     0.3157894736842105
19    224          75          80      78         class2     department2     0.42105263157894735
2     112          73          80      96         class1     department1     0.42105263157894735
14    215          84          82      73         class1     department2     0.5263157894736842
11    212          76          83      75         class1     department2     0.5789473684210527
20    225          82          85      63         class2     department2     0.631578947368421
7     122          89          86      85         class2     department1     0.6842105263157895
5     115          99          93      89         class1     department1     0.7368421052631579
10    211          89          93      60         class1     department2     0.7368421052631579
12    213          71          94      90         class1     department2     0.8421052631578947
4     114          89          94      93         class1     department1     0.8421052631578947
13    214          94          94      66         class1     department2     0.8421052631578947
16    221          77          99      61         class2     department2     1.0

第二行，rn1的值為(2-1)/(20-1)=0.05263157894736842

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Hive開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

1. 介紹

1.1 基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

1.2 over函數(shù)

1.3 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)

1.4 窗口含義

開(kāi)窗函數(shù)可以粗略地分為兩類：聚合開(kāi)窗函數(shù)和排序開(kāi)窗函數(shù)。

2. 聚合開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

2.1 sum函數(shù)

2.2 first_value開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

2.3 last_vlaue開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

2.4 lag開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

2.5 lead開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

2.6 cume_dist開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3. 排序開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3.1 row_number開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3.2 rank開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3.3 dense_rank開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3.4 ntile開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

3.5 percent_rank開(kāi)窗函數(shù)

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