一缘挽、背景：
在使用pycharm（2018.3）創(chuàng)建python項(xiàng)目時(shí)产徊，如果采用虛擬環(huán)境的方式，默認(rèn)安裝pip版本是10.0.1恬汁。執(zhí)行pip list會(huì)提示
You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.0.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
但是，在虛擬環(huán)境中執(zhí)行
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致升級(jí)失敗辜伟，而且虛擬環(huán)境中原先的pip10也被破壞了氓侧。錯(cuò)誤內(nèi)容如下：
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
Rolling back uninstall of pip
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_internal\basecommand.py", line 228, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 335, in run
use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_internal\req\__init__.py", line 49, in install_given_reqs
**kwargs
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_internal\req\req_install.py", line 748, in install
use_user_site=use_user_site, pycompile=pycompile,
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_internal\req\req_install.py", line 961, in move_wheel_files
warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_internal\wheel.py", line 431, in move_wheel_files
generated.extend(maker.make(spec))
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\distlib\scripts.py", line 403, in make
self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\distlib\scripts.py", line 307, in _make_script
self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\distlib\scripts.py", line 243, in _write_script
launcher = self._get_launcher('t')
File "D:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-10.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\distlib\scripts.py", line 382, in _get_launcher
result = finder(distlib_package).find(name).bytes
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'bytes'
二、問(wèn)題：
雖然10.0.1版本的pip也可以安裝第三方庫(kù)导狡，但是總是想升級(jí)到最新的版本上约巷。另外，在網(wǎng)上查找解決方案時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)旱捧，10.0.1版本的pip在安裝某些第三方庫(kù)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致安裝失敗独郎。那么該如何升級(jí)到最新版本的pip呢踩麦？
三、終極解決方案：
網(wǎng)上搜到的解決方法真的是五花八門氓癌，有修改源代碼的：比如這篇谓谦。
有刪除虛擬環(huán)境中的pip目錄然后再用pycharm重新裝的：比如這篇，然后看這篇文章的評(píng)論里有人照著做了可以了也有人仍然不行贪婉。
以上方法都屬于劍走偏鋒反粥，無(wú)法保證100%沒(méi)問(wèn)題。
經(jīng)過(guò)本人的摸索疲迂，現(xiàn)向各位提供一個(gè)100%能夠成功的解決方案才顿。
不管您是剛創(chuàng)建完項(xiàng)目，還是使用了一段時(shí)間已經(jīng)安裝了一些第三方庫(kù)都可以成功將pip10.0.1這個(gè)瘸腳貓升級(jí)為最新的19.0.3鬼譬。
第一步：制作當(dāng)前虛擬環(huán)境下已經(jīng)安裝的第三方庫(kù)的清單娜膘。
(venv) D:\appworks\pipdemo>pip freeze > requirements.txt
我創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)Flask演示項(xiàng)目，剛創(chuàng)建完后pycharm會(huì)給建好目錄結(jié)構(gòu)生成項(xiàng)目文件并安裝必要的依賴庫(kù)优质。
certifi==2018.11.29
chardet==3.0.4
Click==7.0
Flask==1.0.2
idna==2.8
itsdangerous==1.1.0
Jinja2==2.10
MarkupSafe==1.1.1
requests==2.21.0
urllib3==1.24.1
Werkzeug==0.14.1
第二步：
關(guān)閉pycharm并刪除由pycharm創(chuàng)建的本項(xiàng)目虛擬環(huán)境文件夾 venv竣贪。
第三步：
在控制臺(tái)項(xiàng)目文件目錄下創(chuàng)建新的Python3.7虛擬環(huán)境。
D:\appworks\pipdemo>python.exe -m venv venv
第四步：
激活剛創(chuàng)建的虛擬環(huán)境巩螃，查看pip版本演怎。
D:\appworks\pipdemo>venv\Scripts\activate.bat
(venv) D:\appworks\pipdemo>pip --version
pip 18.1 from d:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.7)
已經(jīng)變成18.1了。
這時(shí)候再升級(jí)pip就沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題了避乏。
(venv) D:\appworks\pipdemo>python -m pip install --upgrade pip
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting pip
Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 3.4MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 18.1
Uninstalling pip-18.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-18.1
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3
(venv) D:\appworks\pipdemo>pip --version
pip 19.0.3 from d:\appworks\pipdemo\venv\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.7)
第五步：
恢復(fù)項(xiàng)目依賴庫(kù)環(huán)境爷耀。
(venv) D:\appworks\pipdemo>pip install -r requirements.txt
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting certifi==2018.11.29 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9f/e0/accfc1b56b57e9750eba272e24c4dddeac86852c2bebd1236674d7887e8a/certifi-2018.11.29-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting chardet==3.0.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b6487b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Click==7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Flask==1.0.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/7f/e7/08578774ed4536d3242b14dacb4696386634607af824ea997202cd0edb4b/Flask-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting idna==2.8 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/14/2c/cd551d81dbe15200be1cf41cd03869a46fe7226e7450af7a6545bfc474c9/idna-2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting itsdangerous==1.1.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 6))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Jinja2==2.10 (from -r requirements.txt (line 7))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/7f/ff/ae64bacdfc95f27a016a7bed8e8686763ba4d277a78ca76f32659220a731/Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting MarkupSafe==1.1.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 8))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/65/c6/2399700d236d1dd681af8aebff1725558cddfd6e43d7a5184a675f4711f5/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Collecting requests==2.21.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 9))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/7d/e3/20f3d364d6c8e5d2353c72a67778eb189176f08e873c9900e10c0287b84b/requests-2.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting urllib3==1.24.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 10))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/62/00/ee1d7de624db8ba7090d1226aebefab96a2c71cd5cfa7629d6ad3f61b79e/urllib3-1.24.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Werkzeug==0.14.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 12))
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/20/c4/12e3e56473e52375aa29c4764e70d1b8f3efa6682bef8d0aae04fe335243/Werkzeug-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: certifi, chardet, Click, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Flask, idna, urllib3, requests, wechat
Running setup.py install for wechat ... done
Successfully installed Click-7.0 Flask-1.0.2 Jinja2-2.10 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.14.1 certifi-2018.11.29 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.8 itsdangerous-1.1.0 requests-2.21.0 urllib3-1.24.1
這樣一來(lái)，整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的虛擬環(huán)境就恢復(fù)如初了拍皮，而且不會(huì)有任何后遺癥歹叮。
完美~
以上文章為本人原創(chuàng)，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處铆帽，謝謝~
