架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)系列文章熙含，請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)連接罚缕。

背景

因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在很多云都使用PAAS的方式提供大數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與計(jì)算的功能。作者就在思考他們是怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)的怎静，并且提供出動(dòng)態(tài)部署能力的大數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)與計(jì)算過(guò)程的邮弹。所以，使用Docker進(jìn)行Hadoop環(huán)境的搭建消约。并且為之后的K8s環(huán)境搭建提供一種思路肠鲫。

在環(huán)境構(gòu)建與使用的過(guò)程可以分為幾個(gè)階段：準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程，搭建過(guò)程或粮，配置過(guò)程导饲，啟動(dòng)過(guò)程、測(cè)試過(guò)程氯材。

準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程

主要是準(zhǔn)備軟件包渣锦，并為Docker鏡像與配置項(xiàng)分離做準(zhǔn)備。

• 準(zhǔn)備軟件包

下載以下軟件包：

• hadoop-2.7.7
• hive-2.3.6
• mysql-connector-java-5.1.48
• jdk-8u231-linux-x64.rpm

• 創(chuàng)建目錄

mkdir -p /home/docker/{centos_ssh,hadoop,hive,mysql}

• 上傳文件

cd /home/docker/hadoop
rz 【hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz氢哮，jdk-8u231-linux-x64.rpm】
cd /home/docker/hive
rz 【apache-hive-2.3.6-bin.tar.gz袋毙，jdk-8u231-linux-x64.rpm，mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.tar.gz】

• 解壓并Copy配置

cd /home/docker/hadoop
tar -xzvf hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz
cp -rf hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop/* ./conf
cd /home/docker/hive
tar -xzvf apache-hive-2.3.6-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzvf mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.tar.gz
cp -rf apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/conf/ ./conf

• 創(chuàng)建my.cnf
  為Mysql配置my.cfg配置冗尤。這個(gè)配置是從CDH6.3的配置中拉過(guò)來(lái)的听盖。

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks;
# to do so, uncomment this line:
symbolic-links = 0

key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
thread_stack = 256K
thread_cache_size = 64
query_cache_limit = 8M
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 1

max_connections = 550
#expire_logs_days = 10
#max_binlog_size = 100M

#log_bin should be on a disk with enough free space.
#Replace '/var/lib/mysql/mysql_binary_log' with an appropriate path for your
#system and chown the specified folder to the mysql user.
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_binary_log

#In later versions of MySQL, if you enable the binary log and do not set
#a server_id, MySQL will not start. The server_id must be unique within
#the replicating group.
server_id=1

binlog_format = mixed

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M

# InnoDB settings
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 512M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

sql_mode=STRICT_ALL_TABLES

修改my.cfg權(quán)限

chmod 644 my.cnf

搭建過(guò)程

在這個(gè)過(guò)程中將上面準(zhǔn)備好的包，構(gòu)建為Docker鏡像裂七。

• 搭建Docker+CentOS+SSH環(huán)境

FROM centos:7.2.1511
MAINTAINER wales.kuo

RUN yum install -y wget && mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/repo_bak \
    && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/repo_bak/ \
    && wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo \
    && wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo \
    && yum clean all && yum makecache \
    && yum install -y openssh-server sudo openssh-clients \
    && ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key \
    && ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key  \
    && ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key \
    && ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key \
    && echo "root:XXX" | chpasswd  && echo "root   ALL=(ALL)       ALL" >> /etc/sudoers \
    && sed -i 's/.*session.*required.*pam_loginuid.so.*/session optional pam_loginuid.so/g' /etc/pam.d/sshd \
    && sed -i 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config \
    && sed -i "s/#UsePrivilegeSeparation.*/UsePrivilegeSeparation no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config \
    && mkdir /var/run/sshd

EXPOSE 22
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"]

使用命令構(gòu)建：

docker build -t centos-ssh .

• 搭建Hadoop環(huán)境

FROM centos-ssh
MAINTAINER wales.kuo

ADD jdk-8u231-linux-x64.rpm /usr/local/
ADD hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN yum install -y which gcc && rpm -ivh /usr/local/jdk-8u231-linux-x64.rpm \
    && rm -rf /usr/local/jdk-8u231-linux-x64.rpm
ENV HADOOP_HOME /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_231-amd64/jre/
ENV PATH $HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH

使用命令構(gòu)建：

docker build -t hadoop:2.7.7 -t centos-hadoop .

• 搭建MetaData的Mysql

docker pull mysql:5.7.27

• 搭建Hive環(huán)境

FROM centos-hadoop
MAINTAINER wales.kuo

ADD apache-hive-2.3.6-bin.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN mv /usr/local/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin /usr/local/hive && mkdir /home/hadoop/hive/tmp
ADD mysql-connector-java-5.1.48/mysql-connector-java-5.1.48-bin.jar /usr/local/hive/lib/
ENV HIVE_HOME /usr/local/hive
ENV PATH $HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH

使用命令構(gòu)建：

docker build -t hive:2.3.6 -t centos-hive .

配置過(guò)程

修改Hadoop皆看，Hive的默認(rèn)參數(shù)，準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)使用背零。并且因?yàn)镠adoop需要免密登錄的配置腰吟，所以需要先將容器啟動(dòng)，然后再進(jìn)入容器中免密登錄部分徙瓶。

修改Hadoop參數(shù)

hadoop配置修改/home/docker/hadoop/conf/下的配置文件core-site.xml毛雇、hdfs-site.xml嫉称、yarn-site.xml、mapred-site.xml灵疮、slaves织阅。

(1)hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_231-amd64/jre/

(2)core-site.xml

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
                <value>hdfs://hadoop0:9000</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
        </property>
         <property>
                 <name>fs.trash.interval</name>
                 <value>1440</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

(3)hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.permissions</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

(4)yarn-site.xml

<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
                <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
        </property>
        <property> 
                <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name> 
                <value>true</value> 
        </property>
        <property>
                <description>The hostname of the RM.</description>
                <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
                <value>hadoop0</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

(5)修改文件名：mv mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
vi mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

(10)slaves
刪除原來(lái)的所有內(nèi)容，修改為如下

hadoop1
hadoop2

修改Hive參數(shù)

使用hive的默認(rèn)配置始藕，創(chuàng)建配置文件蒲稳。并修改配置。
(1)Copy創(chuàng)建配置文件

cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
cp hive-log4j2.properties.template hive-log4j2.properties
cp hive-exec-log4j2.properties.template hive-exec-log4j2.properties

(2)修改hive-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_231-amd64/jre/    ##Java路徑
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7   ##Hadoop安裝路徑
export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive    ##Hive安裝路徑
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/usr/local/hive/conf    ##Hive配置文件路徑

(3)修改hive-site.xml

把{system:java.io.tmpdir} 改成 /usr/local/hive/tmp
把 {system:user.name} 改成 {user.name}

并修改以下內(nèi)容

<property>
    <name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
    <value>/user/hive/tmp</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
    <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hive.querylog.location</name>
    <value>/user/hive/log</value>
</property>

<!--配置 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接信息-->
<property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
    <value>jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/metastore?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
    <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
    <value>root</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
    <value>root123</value>
  </property>

啟動(dòng)容器

version: '3.1'

services:
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7.27
    command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    volumes:
      - /home/docker/mysql/log:/var/log/
      - /home/docker/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf
      - /home/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: dls123456



docker network create --subnet=172.19.0.0/16 hadoop_default
docker run --name hadoop0 --hostname hadoop0 --net hadoop_default --ip 172.19.0.2 -v /home/docker/hadoop/conf:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop/ -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop0:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop0/logs:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/ -d -P -p 50070:50070 -p 8088:8088  centos-hadoop
docker run --name hadoop1 --hostname hadoop1 --net hadoop_default --ip 172.19.0.3 -v /home/docker/hadoop/conf:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop/ -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop1:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp  -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop0/logs:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/ -d -P centos-hadoop
docker run --name hadoop2 --hostname hadoop2 --net hadoop_default --ip 172.19.0.4 -v /home/docker/hadoop/conf:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop/ -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop2:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp  -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop0/logs:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/ -d -P centos-hadoop
docker run -d --name mysql --hostname mysql --restart=always -p 3306:3306 -v /home/docker/mysql/log:/var/log/ -v /home/docker/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf -v /home/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql --net hadoop_default -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=dls123456 mysql:5.7.27 --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
docker run --name hive --hostname hive --net hadoop_default --ip 172.19.0.6 -p9083:9083 -p 10000:10000 -p 10002:10002 -v /home/docker/hive/conf:/usr/local/hive/conf -v /home/docker/hive/tmp:/usr/local/hive/tmp -v /home/docker/hive/data:/user/hive/ -v /home/docker/hadoop/conf:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop/ -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop0:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp -v /home/docker/hadoop/hadoop0/logs:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/ -d -P centos-hive

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

create database metastore;

容器內(nèi)Hadoop配置

(1)設(shè)置ssh免密碼登錄
在hadoop0上執(zhí)行下面操作

ssh-keygen -t rsa(一直按回車即可)
ssh-copy-id -i localhost
ssh-copy-id -i hadoop0
ssh-copy-id -i hadoop1
ssh-copy-id -i hadoop2

在hadoop1上執(zhí)行下面操作

ssh-keygen -t rsa(一直按回車即可)
ssh-copy-id -i localhost
ssh-copy-id -i hadoop1

在hadoop2上執(zhí)行下面操作

ssh-keygen -t rsa(一直按回車即可)
ssh-copy-id -i localhost
ssh-copy-id -i hadoop2

容器內(nèi)Hive配置

(1)初始化Hive mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

(1)啟動(dòng)Hadoop服務(wù)

cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/
sbin/start-all.sh

(2)啟動(dòng)Hive服務(wù)

hive --service metastore &
hiveserver2

(3)在hdfs 中創(chuàng)建下面的目錄 伍派，并且授權(quán)

hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse
hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hive/tmp
hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hive/log
hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/warehouse
hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/tmp
hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/log

測(cè)試過(guò)程

hadoop測(cè)試

使用程序驗(yàn)證集群服務(wù)
(1)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)本地文件a.txt

hello you
hello me

(2)上傳a.txt到hdfs上

hdfs dfs -put a.txt /

(3)執(zhí)行wordcount程序

cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.7/share/hadoop/mapreduce
hadoop jar hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.7.jar wordcount /a.txt /out

(4)查看結(jié)果

hdfs dfs -text /out/part-r-00000

參考

Kubernetes-在Kubernetes集群上搭建Hadoop集群
Docker+Hadoop+Hive+Presto 使用Docker部署Hadoop環(huán)境和Presto
Install and Configure MySQL for Cloudera Software