The electric-flight plan
本文英文部分選自經(jīng)濟學(xué)人science-and-technology版塊
Small hybrid-electric airliners ready for take off
Companies are getting serious about electrifying air travel
ELECTRIC cars are clean, quiet and, it seems, the way of the future. Tesla, an American firm that has done much to help electric cars shed their museli-munching image, is struggling to meet demand for its mid-market Model 3 (though that has not stopped it announcing plans to build electric lorries as well). Volvo, a Swedish carmaker, has said that, from 2019, all its cars will be at least part-electric. Volkswagen has plans to offer battery options across all of its brands; General Motors has made similar noises. Some countries, including China, Britain and France, are mooting bans on internal-combustion vehicles, to take effect within a couple of decades.
shed
A.GET RID OF 去除
(often used in newspapers 常用于報章) to get rid of sth that is no longer wanted 去除袭异；擺脫
The factory is shedding a large number of jobs.
這家工廠正大批裁員浊洞。
a quick way to shed unwanted pounds (= extra weight or fat on your body)
快速減肥的方法
Museums have been trying hard to shed their stuffy image.
博物館一直努力改變自己沉悶的形象。
B.DROP 使落下
(formal) to let sth fall; to drop sth 使落下扛施；使掉下
Luke shed his clothes onto the floor.
盧克把衣服脫在地板上汽烦。
A duck's feathers shed water immediately.
鴨子的羽毛不沾水涛菠。
(British English) (of a vehicle 交通工具) to lose or drop what it is carrying 掉落（貨物）
The traffic jam was caused by a lorry shedding its load .
交通堵塞是因為一輛卡車掉下了貨物。
C.SKIN/LEAVES 皮撇吞；葉
if an animal sheds its skin, or a plant sheds leaves, it loses them naturally 蛻俗冻；落
D.LIGHT 光
~ sth (on/over sb/sth) to send light over sth; to let light fall somewhere 散發(fā)出光；把光照到（或灑在）…上
The candles shed a soft glow on her face.
蠟燭在她的臉上映著一層柔光牍颈。
E.TEARS 眼淚
(formal,or literary) if you shed tears, you cry 流迄薄；灑
She shed no tears when she heard he was dead.
她聽到他的死訊時沒流一滴眼淚。
F.BLOOD 血
(formal) if you shed blood, you kill or injure people, especially in a war （尤指在戰(zhàn)爭中）造成傷亡煮岁；使流（血）
lorry
( also truck North Amercian English,British English) a large vehicle for carrying heavy loads by road 卡車讥蔽；貨運汽車
a lorry driver
卡車司機
Emergency food supplies were brought in by lorry .
應(yīng)急食物是用卡車運來的。
a lorry load of frozen fish
裝滿一卡車的冷凍魚
swedish
adj.? 瑞典的;
n.? 瑞典語; （總稱）瑞典人;
Volkswagen
大眾汽車
moot
[動詞 + 名詞短語][常用被動態(tài)](formal) to suggest an idea for people to discuss 提出…供討論
(North Amercian English) unlikely to happen and therefore not worth considering （因不大可能發(fā)生而）無考慮意義的
He argued that the issue had become moot since the board had changed its policy.
他爭辯說這項議題已變得毫無實際意義画机，因為董事會已經(jīng)改變了政策冶伞。
a moot point/question
(British English,North Amercian English) a matter about which there may be disagreement or confusion 懸而未決的事；有爭議的問題
internal-combustion
內(nèi)燃的
Not all forms of transport are so easy to electrify. One of the hardest is aviation, where battery power runs up against a serious problem: weight. Kilo-for-kilo, fossil fuels contain roughly 100 times as much energy as a lithium-ion battery. On the road,that is a problem which can be designed around.For a machine that must lift itself into the sky, it is much harder to solve.
aviation
[不可數(shù)名詞] the designing, building and flying of aircraft 航空
civil/military aviation
民用 / 軍用航空
the aviation business/industry
航空業(yè) / 工業(yè)
But it is not impossible. Dozens of firms are working on electrically powered planes of all shapes and sizes. Some resemble flying cars, such as those which Larry Page, one of Google’s founders, is backing. Others are hovering, drone-like machines that could operate as autonomous aerial taxis (Uber is keen on these). Pipistrel, a Slovenian company, already makes a two-seater electric training plane. Another two-seater, the E-fan, has been flown by Airbus, a European aviation giant, although it recently abandoned the project.
hover
[動詞 + 副詞或介詞短語]
(of birds, helicopters , etc. 鳥步氏、直升機等) to stay in the air in one place 翱翔响禽；盤旋
A hawk hovered over the hill.
一只鷹在小山的上空翱翔。
(of a person 人) to wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner 躊躇荚醒，彷徨（尤指在某人身邊）
He hovered nervously in the doorway.
他在門口緊張地來回踱步芋类。
[+ 副詞或介詞短語] to stay close to sth, or to stay in an uncertain state 靠近（某事物）；處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)
Temperatures hovered around freezing.
氣溫在冰點上下徘徊界阁。
He hovered on the edge of consciousness.
他似醒非醒梗肝。
A smile hovered on her lips.
她的嘴上掛著一絲笑容。
drone-like machine
無人機相機
autonomous
(of a country, a region or an organization 國家铺董、地區(qū)、組織) able to govern itself or control its own affairs 自治的精续；有自治權(quán)的
independent
an autonomous republic/state/province
自治共和國 / 州 / 省
(of a person 人) able to do things and make decisions without help from anyone else 自主的坝锰；有自主權(quán)的
aerial
from a plane 從飛機上的
aerial attacks/bombardment/photography
空中攻擊 / 轟炸 / 照相
an aerial view of Palm Island
棕櫚島鳥瞰圖
in the air; existing above the ground 空中的；空氣中的重付；地表以上的
The banyan tree has aerial roots.
榕樹有氣根顷级。
The reason for that became clear on November 28th, when Airbus announced something more ambitious. It has teamed up with Rolls-Royce, a British jet-engine producer, and Siemens, a German electricals group, to convert a small airliner into a “flying test bed” to prove the feasibility of hybrid-electric propulsion. “We are entering a new world of aviation,” said Frank Anton, head of Siemens eAircraft. Electric power, he predicted, would prove to be as significant to commercial aviation as the invention of the jet engine.
propulsion
[不可數(shù)名詞](technical 術(shù)語) the force that drives sth forward 推動力；推進
wind/steam/jet propulsion
風(fēng)力 / 蒸汽 / 噴氣推進
jet
[可數(shù)名詞] a plane driven by jet engines 噴氣式飛機
a jet aircraft/fighter/airliner
噴氣式飛機 / 戰(zhàn)斗機 / 客機
The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.
事故是在噴氣式飛機正要起飛時發(fā)生的确垫。
——see also jumbo n., jump jet
[可數(shù)名詞] a strong narrow stream of gas, liquid, steam or flame that comes very quickly out of a small opening. The opening is also called a jet . 噴射流弓颈；噴射口；噴嘴
The pipe burst and jets of water shot across the room.
管子爆裂删掀，一股股水從屋子這頭噴到那頭翔冀。
to clean the gas jets on the cooker
把煤氣灶的氣嘴擦干凈
[不可數(shù)名詞] a hard black mineral that can be polished and is used in jewellery 煤玉；黑玉披泪；黑色大理石纤子；貝褐碳
Insufficient, currently
目前動力不足
The general view in the industry is that battery technology is not yet up to building fully-electric airliners. But just as hybrid arrangements help to extend the range of some electric cars, so hybrid systems will bring electric aircraft closer to take-off.
行業(yè)內(nèi)的普遍看法是電池技術(shù)不足以建立全電動型客機。 但是如同混合動力有助于延長電動汽車行駛里程款票，混合動力系統(tǒng)也將使電動飛機離起飛更進一步控硼。
The Airbus team plans to modify a BAE 146, which is a 100-seat regional airliner powered by four conventional jet engines (see illustration above). The first step will be to replace one of those engines with a 2MW electric unit, consisting of a fan contained in a shroud. As with a hybrid car, the fan will be powered by a combination of a battery and a range-extender, in the form of a small jet engine mounted in the rear of the fuselage and hooked up to a generator. This range extender can be switched on during parts of the flight to power the fans or to top up the battery. Because it can be run at its most efficient speed all the time, unlike a jet directly propelling a plane, it would be highly fuel-efficient.
shroud
a piece of cloth that a dead person's body is wrapped in before it is buried 裹尸布；壽衣
~ of sth (literary) a thing that covers, surrounds or hides sth 覆蓋物艾少；遮蔽物
The organization is cloaked in a shroud of secrecy.
這個組織籠罩著一種詭秘的氣氛卡乾。
a shroud of smoke ??一片煙霧
[動詞 + 名詞短語][常用被動態(tài)] ~ sth in sth
(of darkness , clouds, cloth, etc. 黑暗、云缚够、織物等) to cover or hide sth 覆蓋幔妨；隱藏；遮蔽
The city was shrouded in mist.
城市籠罩在霧靄之中潮瓶。
to hide information or keep it secret and mysterious 隱瞞陶冷；保密
His family background is shrouded in mystery .
他的家庭背景蒙上了神秘的色彩。
fuselage
the main part of an aircraft in which passengers and goods are carried （飛機的）機身
hook up (to sth) | hook sb/sth?up (to sth)
to connect sb/sth to a piece of electronic equipment, to a power supply or to the Internet 連接到電子設(shè)備（或電源毯辅、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)）埂伦；接通
She was then hooked up to an IV drip.
接著就給她接上了靜脈滴注。
Check that the computer is hooked up to the printer.
檢查一下計算機是否與打印機接通思恐。
A large proportion of the nation's households are hooked up to the Internet.
全國大部分家庭都接通了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)沾谜。
propel
[動詞 + 名詞短語][常用被動態(tài)]
to move, drive or push sth forward or in a particular direction 推動；驅(qū)動胀莹；推進
mechanically propelled vehicles
機動車輛
He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line.
他成功地把球帶過線基跑。
[+ 副詞或介詞短語] to force sb to move in a particular direction or to get into a particular situation 驅(qū)使；迫使描焰；推搡
He was grabbed from behind and propelled through the door.
有人從后面抓住他媳否，把他推過門去栅螟。
Fury propelled her into action.
怒火驅(qū)使她行動起來。
Flight tests are due to begin in 2020. If they are successful, a second engine on the aircraft will be replaced. The results, the team hope, will provide enough data to design a full-on hybrid-electric airliner with 50-100 seats from scratch. Such a plane might enter service in 2030 or so.
Other planes could be in the air before then. Zunum Aero, a startup based near Seattle, hopes to have its 12-seat hybrid-electric airliner ready to fly its first passengers by 2022, helped along by investment from Boeing, an American aerospace giant, and JetBlue, a successful airline.
Such aircraft will, their designers hope, serve as bridges to fully electric planes in the future. Overcoming the weight problem will be tricky. For big planes flying long-haul routes, full electrification may never happen, although hybrid systems would reduce their fuel consumption. But design changes can help. Airbus, for instance, thinks it can blend its electric motors into the aircraft’s fuselage to reduce drag. And electric power offers some advantages that offset its big drawback. One is that combustion engines are not very efficient at turning the energy in their fuel into motion. Instead, a great deal of it ends up wasted as heat. A jet engine might manage around 55% efficiency during a steady cruise at the ideal altitude.? But that number could fall by half or more when taking off, climbing, landing and taxiing on the ground, which is what aircraft that fly short routes spend much of their time doing.
tricky
difficult to do or deal with 難辦的篱竭；難對付的
a tricky situation
微妙的局勢
Getting it to fit exactly is a tricky business .
使這完全合適是件很難做到的事力图。
The equipment can be tricky to install.
這設(shè)備安裝起來可能很費事。
(of people 人) clever but likely to trick you 狡猾的掺逼；詭計多端的
blend
[動詞 + 名詞短語] ~ A with B | ~ A and B (together) to mix two or more substances together 使混合吃媒；摻和
Blend the flour with the milk to make a smooth paste.
把面粉和牛奶調(diào)成均勻的面糊。
Blend together the eggs, sugar and flour.
把雞蛋吕喘、糖和面粉摻到一起赘那。
[單獨使用的動詞] ~ (with sth) | ~ (together) to form a mixture with sth （和某物）混合；融合
Oil does not blend with water. 油不融于水氯质。
Oil and water do not blend. ?油與水不相融募舟。
~ (with sth) | ~ (together) to combine with sth in an attractive or effective way; to combine sth in this way （使）調(diào)和，協(xié)調(diào)病梢，融合
[單獨使用的動詞]
The old and new buildings blend together perfectly.
新舊建筑物相映成趣胃珍。
[動詞 + 名詞短語]
Their music blends traditional and modern styles.
他們的音樂融合了傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格。
[動詞 + 名詞短語][常用被動態(tài)] to produce sth by mixing different types together 調(diào)制蜓陌；配制
blended whisky/tea
調(diào)配的威士忌觅彰；混合茶葉
【名詞】
a mixture of different types of the same thing （不同類型東西的）混合品，混合物
a blend of tea ?混合茶葉
[常用單數(shù)形式] a pleasant or useful combination of different things （不同事物的）和諧結(jié)合钮热，融合
a blend of youth and experience
年輕而且有經(jīng)驗
cruise
a journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation 乘船游覽填抬；航行
I'd love to go on a round-the-world cruise.
我很想乘船周游世界。
a luxury cruise ship ?豪華游輪
【動詞】
to travel in a ship or boat visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation 乘船游覽
[單獨使用的動詞, usually + 副詞或介詞短語]
They cruised down the Nile.
他們沿尼羅河而下乘船游覽隧期。
[動詞 + 名詞短語]
We spent two weeks cruising the Bahamas.
我們花了兩個星期乘船游覽巴哈馬群島飒责。
[單獨使用的動詞, usually + 副詞或介詞短語] (of a car, plane, etc. 汽車、飛機等) to travel at a steady speed 以平穩(wěn)的速度行駛
a light aircraft cruising at 4 000 feet
一架在4 000英尺高度巡航的輕型飛機
a cruising speed of 50 miles an hour
每小時50英里平穩(wěn)行駛的速度
(of a car, etc. or its driver 汽車等或駕駛員) to drive along slowly, especially when you are looking at or for sth （尤指查看或?qū)ふ視r）慢速行駛仆潮，巡行
[動詞 + 副詞或介詞短語]
She cruised around the block looking for a parking space.
她繞著那個街區(qū)慢慢行駛宏蛉，想找個停車的地方。
[動詞 + 名詞短語]
Taxis cruised the streets, looking for fares.
出租汽車緩慢行駛在街上招攬顧客性置。
[動詞 + 副詞或介詞短語] to win or achieve sth easily 輕而易舉贏得（或獲得）拾并；輕取
The home team cruised to victory.
主隊輕松取勝。
[單獨使用的動詞], [動詞 + 名詞短語](slang) to go around in public places looking for a sexual partner （在公共場所）尋覓性伙伴鹏浅，獵艷
An electric motor can do much better. The latest models are more than 95% efficient, so the batteries that power them would not need to match the energy density of jet fuel. Electric motors are also lighter than jet engines, which helps offset some of the weight disadvantage. And they contain far fewer parts, which means they require less maintenance, which is a big cost in aviation.
Those are all reasons why Zunum plans to focus, at least at first, on relatively short routes, where the efficiency gains from electric motors are most significant. The idea, says Ashish Kumar, the firm’s chief executive, is to serve the hundreds of small American airports that have been left behind as flights have shifted to bigger hubs. The firm’s aircraft will cruise at around 550kph (340mph) and have a range of about 1,130km (700 miles). Like the Airbus machine, it would use a single small jet engine in the rear fuselage to run a generator that could power the plane’s two 500kW fans and top up the batteries, which will be mounted in the wings and designed to be swapped in for fresh ones after landing. This way, at some airports, the turnaround time could be as low as ten minutes.
hub
[常用單數(shù)形式] ~ (of sth) the central and most important part of a particular place or activity （某地或活動的）中心嗅义，核心
the commercial hub of the city
城市的商業(yè)中心
to be at the hub of things (= where things happen and important decisions are made)
在核心部門
a hub airport (= a large important one where people often change from one plane to another)
大型中轉(zhuǎn)機場
the central part of a wheel 輪轂
swap
~ (sth) (with sb) | ~ sth for sth to give sth to sb and receive sth in exchange 交換（東西）
[單獨使用的動詞]
I've finished this magazine. Can I swap with you?
這本雜志我看完了。我能跟你交換一下嗎隐砸？
[動詞 + 名詞短語]
I swapped my red scarf for her blue one.
我用我的紅圍巾換了她的藍圍巾之碗。
Can we swap places ? I can't see the screen.
咱倆交換一下座位好不好？我看不見銀幕季希。
We spent the evening in the pub swapping stories (= telling each other stories) about our travels.
我們一晚上坐在酒吧里講述各自的旅途經(jīng)歷褪那。
[動詞 + 名詞短語 + 名詞短語]
I swapped him my CD for his cassette.
我拿我的激光唱片換了他的盒式磁帶幽纷。
[單獨使用的動詞] ~ (over) to start doing sb else's job, etc. while they do yours 交換（工作）
I'll drive there and then we'll swap over on the way back.
去的時候我開車，回來的時候咱倆再倒換過來博敬。
[動詞 + 名詞短語] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) | ~ sb/sth (over) (especially British English) to replace one person or thing with another 用…替換霹崎；把…換成；掉換
I think I'll swap this sweater for one in another colour.
我想把這件毛衣?lián)Q成一件其他顏色的冶忱。
I'm going to swap you over. Mike will go first and Jon will go second.
我打算把你倆掉換一下。邁克先去境析，喬恩后去囚枪。
The aircraft’s range, says Dr Kumar, should increase over time. For batteries have another advantage over fossil fuels: as a relatively underdeveloped technology, they still have plenty of room left for improvement. As production ramps up, led by the car and electronics industries, battery capacities are increasing and prices are falling.
ramp
a slope that joins two parts of a road, path, building, etc. when one is higher than the other 斜坡；坡道
Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users.
應(yīng)該給輪椅使用者提供坡道劳淆。
(North Amercian English) = slip road
a freeway exit ramp
高速公路的出口坡道
a slope or set of steps that can be moved, used for loading a vehicle or getting on or off a plane （裝車或上下飛機的）活動梯链沼，活動坡道
a loading ramp
裝貨用的活動坡道
ramp sth up
to make sth increase in amount 使…的數(shù)量增加
This week, for instance, Samsung Electronics, a big South Korean firm, said that by incorporating graphene—an ultra-thin form of carbon—into a lithium-ion battery, it had managed to boost its energy capacity by 45% and greatly decrease the time needed for a recharge. Many other new battery chemistries are being developed. One promising idea is a solid-state lithium battery, which replaces the liquid electrolyte of current cells with a solid substitute. Besides offering much higher energy densities, such batteries should also be cheap to mass produce. Those trends, thinks Dr Kumar, would allow his aircraft to increase its range to around 2,400km by 2035, and perhaps even ditch the on-board generator.
ditch
[動詞 + 名詞短語](informal) to get rid of sth/sb because you no longer want or need it/them 擺脫；拋棄沛鸵；丟棄
The new road building programme has been ditched.
新的道路建設(shè)計劃已廢棄括勺。
He ditched his girlfriend.
他把女朋友給甩了。
[動詞 + 名詞短語, 單獨使用的動詞] if a pilot ditches an aircraft, or if it ditches , it lands in the sea in an emergency 使（飛機）在海上緊急降落曲掰；（在海上）迫降
Combining all these benefits and drawbacks into a single figure is tricky. Paul Eremenko, Airbus’s chief technology officer, says a single-aisle hybrid electric airliner would be “safe, efficient and cost-effective”. Zunum’s Dr Kumar is prepared to go further and talk numbers. For airlines, the important figure is the CASM—cost per available seat mile. This is obtained by dividing operating costs by capacity, measured as the number of seats in an aircraft multiplied by miles flown. Zunum claims that its plane will have a CASM of 8 cents. Oliver Wyman, a firm of aviation analysts, reckons that the average for American airlines in 2016 was 11 cents.
reckon
(informal,especially British English) to think sth or have an opinion about sth 想疾捍；認(rèn)為
[動詞 (+ that從句)]
I reckon (that) I'm going to get that job.
我認(rèn)為我會得到那份工作。
He'll be famous one day. What do you reckon (= do you agree) ?
總有一天栏妖，他會成為名人的乱豆。你覺得呢？
[單獨使用的動詞]
It's worth a lot of money, I reckon.
我想這值很多錢吊趾。
‘They'll never find out. ’ ‘ You reckon? ’ (= I think you may be wrong about that)
“他們永遠(yuǎn)不會發(fā)現(xiàn)宛裕。”“是嗎论泛？”
be reckoned (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于進行時) to be generally considered to be sth 被普遍認(rèn)為是揩尸；被看作是
[動詞 + 名詞短語 + 帶to的不定式]
Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays.
人們認(rèn)為今天的孩子比過去世故。
[動詞 + 名詞短語 + 名詞短語]
It was generally reckoned a success.
大家都認(rèn)為那是一次成功屁奏。
[also 動詞 + 名詞短語 + 形容詞]
[動詞 + 帶to的不定式](British English,informal) to expect to do sth 料想岩榆；預(yù)計；指望
We reckon to finish by ten.
我們預(yù)計十點鐘以前結(jié)束了袁。
~ sth (at sth) to calculate an amount, a number, etc. 估算朗恳；估計；計算
[動詞 + 名詞短語]
The age of the earth is reckoned at about 4 600 million years.
估計地球的年齡大約為46億年载绿。
[動詞 (+ that從句)]
They reckon (that) their profits are down by at least 20%.
他們估計利潤至少下降了20%粥诫。
[動詞 + 名詞短語 + 帶to的不定式]
The journey was reckoned to take about two hours.
路上估計要花大約兩個小時。
And like electric cars, electric aircraft would offer other benefits that are worth having, but harder to quantify. They would be quieter than jet-powered planes, which may be attractive for airports near big cities. They would be cleaner too, and become more so as more electricity is produced from low-carbon sources. Sceptics doubt the weight problem can ever be properly overcome; cynics suspect that these projects are motivated by PR. But few people predicted the pace of electrification in other areas. If electric aircraft can offer faster door-to-door journeys avoiding crowded hub airports and provide cheaper fares at the same time, then air travellers will be happy for the sparks to fly.
skeptic
a person who usually doubts that claims or statements are true, especially those that other people believe in 慣持懷疑態(tài)度的人崭庸；懷疑論者
cynic
a person who believes that people only do things to help themselves, rather than for good or sincere reasons 認(rèn)為人皆自私的人怀浆；憤世嫉俗者
a person who does not believe that sth good will happen or that sth is important 悲觀者谊囚；懷疑者
Cynics will say that there is not the slightest chance of success.
悲觀的人會說根本不可能取得成功。
fare
[可數(shù)名詞, 不可數(shù)名詞] the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc. 車費执赡；船費镰踏；飛機票價
bus/taxi fares ?公共汽車費；出租汽車費
train/rail fares ?火車票價
Children travel (at) half fare. ?兒童交通費減半沙合。
When do they start paying full fare?
他們什么時候開始買全票奠伪？
[可數(shù)名詞] a passenger in a taxi 出租車乘客
The taxi driver picked up a fare at the station.
出租車司機在車站接了一名乘客。
[不可數(shù)名詞] (formal) food that is offered as a meal 飯菜
The restaurant provides good traditional fare.
這家餐廳提供傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)味佳饌首懈。
spark
[可數(shù)名詞] a very small burning piece of material that is produced by sth that is burning or by hitting two hard substances together 火花绊率；火星
A shower of sparks flew up the chimney.
煙囪里飛出無數(shù)火星。
[可數(shù)名詞] a small flash of light produced by an electric current 電火花
sparks from a faulty light switch
漏電的電燈開關(guān)發(fā)出的火花
A spark ignites the fuel in a car engine.
汽車發(fā)動機中的燃料由火花點燃究履。
[可數(shù)名詞, 常用單數(shù)形式] ~ of sth a small amount of a particular quality or feeling （指品質(zhì)或感情）一星滤否，絲毫，一丁點
同義詞 glimmer
a spark of hope
一線希望
[不可數(shù)名詞, 單數(shù)] a special quality of energy, intelligence or enthusiasm that makes sb very clever, amusing, etc. 生氣最仑；活力藐俺；才華；熱情
As a writer he seemed to lack creative spark.
作為作家泥彤，他似乎缺少創(chuàng)作激情欲芹。
[可數(shù)名詞] an action or event that causes sth important to develop, especially trouble or violence 誘因；導(dǎo)火線
the sparks of revolution
革命的導(dǎo)火線
[可數(shù)名詞, 常用復(fù)數(shù)] feelings of anger or excitement between people 憤怒的情感全景；激烈的情緒
Sparks flew at the meeting (= there was a lot of argument) .
會上爭論激烈耀石，火星四濺。
[動詞 + 名詞短語] ~ sth (off) to cause sth to start or develop, especially suddenly 引發(fā)爸黄；觸發(fā)
The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country.
這一提案將引發(fā)全國性的抗議浪潮滞伟。
The riots were sparked off by the arrest of a local leader.
騷亂是因逮捕一名當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人而觸發(fā)的。
Winds brought down power lines, sparking a fire.
大風(fēng)刮斷電線炕贵，引起了火災(zāi)梆奈。
[單獨使用的動詞] to produce small flashes of fire or electricity 冒火花；飛火星称开；產(chǎn)生電火花
a sparking, crackling fire
噼啪直響亩钟、火星飛迸的火
(figurative)The game suddenly sparked to life.
比賽突然變得激烈起來。
spark up sth
(British English) to begin a conversation, an argument, a friendship, etc., often suddenly 激起鳖轰，突然引發(fā)（交談清酥、爭論、友誼等）
I tried to spark up a conversation with her.
我設(shè)法跟她攀談起來蕴侣。
英語短語學(xué)習(xí)
that is a problem which can be designed around ?問題是可以解決的焰轻。
