Day 8 詞匯梳理

【注：對(duì)前兩個(gè)Topic的詞匯復(fù)盤（比較兩種不同的主被動(dòng)儲(chǔ)備分類方法）后杰标，決定還是按兩大類分：1.主動(dòng)儲(chǔ)備；2.被動(dòng)儲(chǔ)備。至于之前是否認(rèn)識(shí)瞬女、在閱讀文章時(shí)是否影響理解虐秋，在那項(xiàng)的詞條里顯示出來(lái)榕茧。例如：如果理解某詞條的含義，只是想眼熟表達(dá)（不論轉(zhuǎn)為主被動(dòng)）則不標(biāo)注釋義客给。之后不再特別把認(rèn)識(shí)的分為一大類用押，感覺(jué)沒(méi)有多大意義“薪＃】

1.主動(dòng)儲(chǔ)備

▲manage the risk

▲take over

A takeover?is the act of gaining control of a company by buying more of its shares than anyone else. (公司的) 收購(gòu)[商業(yè)]

▲was nearly derailed by two data breaches

◇ derail 基本含義為出軌蜻拨，此處作“被...打亂”解。

To?derail?something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned. 打亂 (原定計(jì)劃)[journalism]

◇ data breach 數(shù)據(jù)泄露

▲interfere in/with干涉

Don't interfere in other's private concerns.

▲hacking-for-hire 黑客出租服務(wù)

car for hire 汽車租賃

▲booming 迅速發(fā)展的桩引，繁榮的

其它釋義：(聲音等)低沉而有回響的官觅，渾厚的；激增的阐污；(價(jià)格)暴漲的。

▲There is little evidence that (sth.) will be any more trustworthy than...

▲It's tempting to believe that...

▲yet?more technical wizardry /?w?z?dr?/（魔法咱圆，奇跡）

▲vulnerabilities 缺陷

▲illicit entry 非法入境

◇ illicit = illega,l illegitamate, unlawful

▲spark calls for

◇ If one thing?sparks?another, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening. 引發(fā)

My teacher organized a unit on space exploration that really sparked my interest.

我的老師編排了一個(gè)關(guān)于太空探測(cè)的單元笛辟，它真正激發(fā)了我的興趣。

▲eliminate the risk from...

▲hamper the ability of...

▲in force

1.大規(guī)模地序苏，以壓倒優(yōu)勢(shì)地[亦作 in great force]

2.精力充沛手幢；活躍(尤指談話)[亦作 in great force]

文中作：3.(政府法令、法律忱详、協(xié)議等)有效围来，實(shí)施中

▲be infected with 染上、患病

~ the virus

▲has for decades disclaimed liability for

◇ for decades 幾十年來(lái)

for ages?很久匈睁；很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間监透；for years?好幾年

◇ disclaim liability for 拒絕承認(rèn)對(duì)...的責(zé)任；不負(fù)擔(dān)責(zé)任

She is asked by anassistant to sign a receipton which there are conditions by which?the?cleaners?disclaim?liability?for damage however it may arise.

商店一名助理要求她簽一張收據(jù)航唆，條件是無(wú)論出現(xiàn)任何損壞胀蛮，洗衣店不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。

▲give free rein to

If you?give free rein tosomeone, you give them a lot of freedom to do what they want. 給 (某人) 充分的自由

The government continued to believe it should give free rein to the private sector in transportation.

政府繼續(xù)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該給私營(yíng)運(yùn)輸部門充分的自由糯钙。

▲prod

If you?prod?someone?into?doing something, you remind or persuade them to do it. 敦促

The question is intended to prod students into examining the concept of freedom.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題旨在敦促學(xué)生探究自由這個(gè)概念粪狼。

▲have recourse to 依靠；求助于

▲One reason computersecurity is so bad today is that...

▲there is no excuse for repeating the mistake...

二任岸、被動(dòng)儲(chǔ)備

▲extortion n.敲詐再榄，勒索

▲prosthetics n.外科修復(fù)

▲bake into 融入，植入

One is that smart-phones with satellite-positioning?baked?into?them are now widely available, making it very easy for people to broadcast their whereabouts.

理由之一是內(nèi)置了衛(wèi)星定位的智能手機(jī)如今隨處可得享潜，使得人們非常容易將他們的位置公開困鸥。

▲insulin pump 胰島素泵

▲desktop 工作臺(tái)，桌面剑按；臺(tái)式機(jī)

▲heightened vigilance 高度警覺(jué)

▲afterthought

If you do or say something as?an?afterthought, you do or say it after something else as an addition, perhaps without careful thought. 事后的想法; 馬后炮

▲encryption

n. 加密 the activity of converting data or information into code

▲gizmo

a device or control that is very useful for a particular job 小物件

Syn. widget, gadget

▲Botnet

也就是我們所說(shuō)的僵尸網(wǎng)絡(luò)窝革，是指采用一種或多種傳播手段购城，將大量主機(jī)感染bot程序（僵尸程序），從而在控制者和被感染主機(jī)之間所形成的一個(gè)可一對(duì)多控制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虐译。

▲router 路由器

▲malware 惡意軟件

▲moot

When a point is moot, it's too trivial to think about. ?無(wú)實(shí)際意義的（瘪板；未決議的）

moot court（法學(xué)院學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)的）模擬法庭

▲butt up against the existing law

Some pension funds are also concerned that they will?butt?up?againstthe limits if they have to calculate positions this way.

一些養(yǎng)老基金也很擔(dān)心如果他們也按這種方式計(jì)算持倉(cāng)也將違背新規(guī)定。

▲excoriated the industry’s lax attitude

◇excoriate:express strong disapproval of 嚴(yán)厲地責(zé)難

◇ If you say that a person's behaviour or a system is lax, you mean they are not careful or strict about maintaining high standards. 松懈的; 不嚴(yán)格的

▲payout 支出漆诽，花費(fèi)

▲carve-out 上市 ; 分拆上市 ; 剝離

Day 9?

導(dǎo)圖：

神句組：

1.It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.

我們很想去相信侮攀，隨著之后的科技發(fā)展和高度警覺(jué)，我們能夠解決安全問(wèn)題厢拭。

tempting譯法參考：Now, it's very tempting at this point to say, look, of course Nothing could be easier? Just imagine being in heaven forever,right? 現(xiàn)在我很想說(shuō)兰英，當(dāng)然了,這沒(méi)什么難的,只要想象永遠(yuǎn)在天堂就行了對(duì)不對(duì)？ ? ——耶魯公開課 - 死亡課程節(jié)選

篤師注釋：通過(guò)利用更多尖端技術(shù)并提高警覺(jué)能解決安全問(wèn)題-------------這一想法十分誘人供鸠。

注:分割長(zhǎng)句,保留原意的同時(shí),令譯文讀起來(lái)更加順暢.

2.That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.

那便需要去培養(yǎng)一種非科技公司所不常備有的警惕之心畦贸。

篤師注釋：這就需要一種刻意培養(yǎng)的偏執(zhí)，但非技術(shù)型的公司并不會(huì)自然而然地具備這一特質(zhì)楞捂。

Cultivated?paranoia字面意思指培養(yǎng)偏執(zhí)薄坏，Cultivate培養(yǎng)，指有意識(shí)的形成某一特點(diǎn)寨闹，paranoia偏執(zhí)胶坠，聯(lián)系后面一句，提到所有的公司都應(yīng)該積極主動(dòng)檢查漏洞繁堡，在問(wèn)題發(fā)生之前及時(shí)修補(bǔ)沈善，就好似平時(shí)我們說(shuō)的偏執(zhí)強(qiáng)迫癥，可能明明門窗都關(guān)好了椭蹄，但是出門前還得再三檢查一下闻牡，由于出錯(cuò)的代價(jià)巨大，對(duì)于IT方面的漏洞就應(yīng)該重視到近乎偏執(zhí)绳矩，但是非技術(shù)公司一般都沒(méi)有這樣的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣澈侠。

3.Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.

而因特網(wǎng)的歷史又會(huì)進(jìn)一步加重這樣的缺陷，相較這過(guò)程來(lái)說(shuō)埋酬，安全問(wèn)題都是后話了哨啃。

The central bankers' problems?are?compounded?by?internal divisions and current realities.?內(nèi)部分歧和眼下的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況讓這些央行行長(zhǎng)所面臨的問(wèn)題變得雪上加霜。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的歷史使得這一弱點(diǎn)雪上加霜写妥，一直以來(lái)拳球，人們都是事后才會(huì)考慮安全性的問(wèn)題．

（昨天沒(méi)有理解Which指代的是history，誤作“雪上加霜”的過(guò)程珍特。）

4.Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.

加強(qiáng)對(duì)每個(gè)人的信息加密才能使電腦安全有最佳的保障祝峻。

but could argue these were?best?served by stabilising prices 但是它們認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的最佳途徑是穩(wěn)定價(jià)格

（得到最好的保護(hù)）

為所有人提供強(qiáng)化加密是最有利于計(jì)算機(jī)安全的.

Be?best served by是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的詞組,表示最有利的是….Eg.Rather than support America, European “allies” increasingly see their national interests best served by distancing themselves from the US as much as possible./This suggests that small, open economies may

be best served by fixed exchange rates.

5.A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.

只要公司采取過(guò)有效的方法來(lái)保護(hù)安全，即便仍舊受損，它也可以靠保險(xiǎn)理賠來(lái)防止破產(chǎn)莱找。

And it turns out-- a little teaser for our security discussion as time passes that a lot of the times when software is?compromised?and you download Photoshop like a cracked version of Photoshop or something like that.?這對(duì)于即將討論的安全性問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)酬姆，只是一個(gè)小插曲，隨著科技的發(fā)展,很多時(shí)候奥溺，如果工具受損辞色，你會(huì)下載到一個(gè)版本不全的，或其他類似的東西浮定∠嗦——哈佛公開課 計(jì)算機(jī)課程節(jié)選

采取合理措施加強(qiáng)安全但仍然受到侵害的公司,可以向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠以避免破產(chǎn)。

6.But setting minimum standards still gets you only so?far.

但就算是設(shè)定最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不能讓你再走多遠(yuǎn)桦卒。

但是制定最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的作用也很局限立美。

Get you far: 表示作用巨大，而get?you only so far則表示作用有限方灾。

Eg. But hard work will only get you so far, the rest is genetic, according to an expert.?

Clear and powerful writing is a rare skill in business, and it will get you far.

雖然正反都可以用建蹄，但還是否定出現(xiàn)的頻率更高．建議自己再多擴(kuò)展幾個(gè)句：

But when it comes to the biggest house-price bubble in history, theory does not?get?you?very?far.——ECONOMIST:When the roof fell in

We know that having all faith and no capabilities might not?get?you?far). ——FORBES:How Much Faith Do We Rely On?

7.Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.

硅谷“積極進(jìn)取、勇于顛覆”式的創(chuàng)新也只有確保了這件事才能行之有效：公司可以相對(duì)自由地推廣產(chǎn)品裕偿，即便它們還需要進(jìn)一步地完善洞慎。

硅谷“快速行動(dòng)勇于突破”的創(chuàng)新理念行得通的前提在于:公司有相對(duì)自由的權(quán)利推出尚未完善的產(chǎn)品。

Put out=launch?也是高頻詞击费。 發(fā)布新產(chǎn)品：launch / put out a new product

神詞組：

Take security serious enough:足夠重視安全問(wèn)題

take sth. seriously, pay attention to, attach?importance to 都是“重視”的意思。

Take advantage of:利用

Point of illicit entry:非法進(jìn)入的突破口

非法入侵點(diǎn)

Create incentives for safer behavior:激勵(lì)安全上網(wǎng)的行為

創(chuàng)建鼓勵(lì)安全行為的激勵(lì)方案

Refrain from doing sth:避免

克制做…

...refrain from any actions that run counter to this agenda. 避免任何與這個(gè)進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生沖突的行為桦他。

...urge all sides to refrain from violence敦促各方停止暴力

...calling on...to refrain from any proactive actions 呼吁XX不要采取挑釁行為

Spark calls for:引發(fā)對(duì)...的號(hào)召

激發(fā)對(duì)….的呼聲

Hamper the ability of:妨礙（削弱）...的能力

Oblige sb to do sth:強(qiáng)迫某人做某事

Disclaim liability for:對(duì)...不負(fù)責(zé)任

豁免…的責(zé)任

disclaim：拒絕承擔(dān)（責(zé)任）蔫巩、放棄接受（權(quán)利）：disclaim one's inheritance?放棄繼承權(quán)

Draw comparisons to:與...相比/相提并論

Lax attitude:松散（松懈）的態(tài)度

Come down hard with:嚴(yán)厲懲戒、強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)

Day 10 總結(jié)反思

這次的翻譯對(duì)比了篤師的注解后快压，挺多處都覺(jué)得蠻微妙的圆仔。①感覺(jué)有些地方是兩種翻譯都行（但在修改Day 9部分時(shí)，也有把篤師的翻譯附上蔫劣，想拓寬下自己的思路）坪郭。比如，get you far也有查到譯作“走得更遠(yuǎn)”的例句脉幢，原句談不上誤譯歪沃，但若是換做篤師的譯法則表達(dá)更明確一些，而且記這個(gè)中文的話可以積累成替換詞匯~“作用局限嫌松、不怎么起作用”&“很有作用”沪曙。又比如第一句中的“heightened”我直接作形容詞譯出，篤師把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞萎羔，并和給前面并列的technical wizardry 補(bǔ)充動(dòng)詞液走；而在“encryption that is strong for everyone”的處理上。我把strong轉(zhuǎn)成動(dòng)詞譯作“加強(qiáng)”，而篤師則是補(bǔ)充“提供”一詞+“強(qiáng)化”缘眶。②存在誤譯的部分已在上面直接作出修改嘱根。③還有的是意思沒(méi)錯(cuò)但中文文法上的表達(dá)做的不夠好的，印象特別深的比如篤師譯的“硅谷“快速行動(dòng)勇于突破”的創(chuàng)新理念行得通的前提在于:公司有相對(duì)自由的權(quán)利推出尚未完善的產(chǎn)品巷懈「檬悖”一句中加粗的詞匯，更簡(jiǎn)潔準(zhǔn)確的同時(shí)砸喻，讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)也順暢了（比如“前提在于”這一處柔逼；我的原句譯的是：硅谷“積極進(jìn)取、勇于顛覆”式的創(chuàng)新也只有確保了這件事才能行之有效：公司可以相對(duì)自由地推廣產(chǎn)品割岛，即便它們還需要進(jìn)一步地完善愉适。）像這樣的問(wèn)題感覺(jué)之后如果當(dāng)天課程安排不緊張的話，盡早做精讀癣漆，碰到自己認(rèn)為不順暢的地方维咸，多琢磨一下，不要被動(dòng)地等篤師第二天給注釋惠爽。希望在這方面有提升癌蓖。

文章結(jié)構(gòu)方面，篤師在碎碎念中提到的“一正一反”在做思維導(dǎo)圖時(shí)候有點(diǎn)感覺(jué)到（因?yàn)榻?jīng)常在兩部分間打個(gè)箭頭連接婚肆，線上通常都是轉(zhuǎn)折詞however, but什么的）租副。之前只覺(jué)得這些轉(zhuǎn)折來(lái)得頻繁，在脫稿重新回顧的時(shí)候總覺(jué)得其中的點(diǎn)都有點(diǎn)太細(xì)節(jié)了思路不是特別的清晰较性，比如本文的解決方案感覺(jué)就給的很零散用僧。今天篤師點(diǎn)出以后，再大致過(guò)一遍果真是一正一反赞咙，而且會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些之前只覺(jué)瑣碎的main points這樣的轉(zhuǎn)折是有層次地遞進(jìn)的责循。比如，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題（現(xiàn)狀-初步解決方案-但必須指出不可能根除）-解決方法（但不用擔(dān)心攀操，政府有相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制措施）-給出預(yù)測(cè)（人們之前都不重視-未來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)展到有法律問(wèn)責(zé)的產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域-而且就算法律沒(méi)有介入院仿，民意也會(huì)引起法庭的重視，且有先例可循）這樣一來(lái)中間給出的例子就不再顯得是個(gè)文章線索提煉上的障礙速和。

依照篤師建議回顧了前兩篇文章歹垫，確實(shí)是可以看到這種“一正一反”的現(xiàn)象的。對(duì)這樣的現(xiàn)象有了概念之后颠放，以后碰到轉(zhuǎn)折就不至于在腦袋里繞彎彎县钥、各種犯迷糊了。像第一篇文章Amazon's Empire 先列舉數(shù)據(jù)描述亞馬遜現(xiàn)在的出色表現(xiàn)-但也不要忘記對(duì)手不會(huì)止步不前-再者亞馬遜長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的目光和廣泛的業(yè)務(wù)范圍也確實(shí)是別人不能比的-但正是因?yàn)樗@樣的出色很可能做大的同時(shí)也會(huì)引起監(jiān)管者的注意慈迈。第二篇文章Levelling the Paying Field則是先寫人們對(duì)銀行怨聲載道的現(xiàn)象-線上支付給予便利且人們不用通過(guò)銀行-但在一些地區(qū)還是線下支付為主（及其原因）-但監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)改變這個(gè)局面的（PSD2會(huì)上線并且改變?nèi)降墓ぷ鞣绞剑?勢(shì)必引來(lái)反對(duì)（并且銀行會(huì)找各種借口）-監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)解決確實(shí)存在的問(wèn)題并保證有效地實(shí)施-總結(jié)雙方都需要對(duì)方的一些特點(diǎn)若贮，線上支付將如何發(fā)展省有？對(duì)這樣的現(xiàn)象有了概念之后，以后碰到轉(zhuǎn)折就不至于在腦袋里繞彎彎谴麦、各種犯迷糊了蠢沿。