本文節(jié)選自《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》的一篇文章喝噪，介紹了有相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性更容易罹患癌癥的相關(guān)內(nèi)容
本文共節(jié)選4段指么，建議大家先自主閱讀原文酝惧，再學(xué)習(xí)精讀筆記。
文末會(huì)總結(jié)此次學(xué)習(xí)寫作可以使用的詞句伯诬，讀者也可自己總結(jié)晚唇。會(huì)定期將內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，做成word分享盗似，希望大家也能堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)
1
Gina Hollenbeck said she did “everything right.” The?Tennessee?nurse and mother of two?avoided cigarettes all her life. She ate organic food. She ran half marathons and played competitive tennis. But in 2015, she?developed a persistent cough?and?rapidly lost weight. She didn’t have a?primary-care doctor, so she consulted several specialists. For months, none could?identify what was wrong. Finally, she?paid out of pocket for?chest X-rays and took them to an emergency room, where shewas referred to?a pulmonologist who?diagnosed her with?advanced lung cancer.
avoid cigarettes all her life：避免接觸煙類物質(zhì)哩陕，一輩子不吸煙【地道表達(dá)】
Tennessee：田納西州
develop a persistent cough：develop sth 患病，患病還可以表達(dá)為suffer from sth，但是兩者的區(qū)別在于develop有一種發(fā)展的意思悍及，是主動(dòng)的闽瓢；suffer from a disease雖然也是患病，但是詞意更傾向于疾病為主動(dòng)心赶，而主語(yǔ)被迫罹患該疾病扣讼。persistent cough指的是持續(xù)性咳嗽，咳嗽不止【同義替換】
rapidly lost weight：體重迅速下降园担，通常發(fā)生在癌癥届谈。
primary-care doctor：初級(jí)保健醫(yī)師
identify what was wrong：identify是確認(rèn)，找出弯汰，可以和某種疾病等搭配艰山，identify what was wrong即找出問題出在哪里
pay out of pocket for sth：把口袋里的錢全部花完【詞組積累】
be referred to：叫某人去……看病【詞組積累】
diagnose sb with a disease：診斷某人為某病【詞組積累】
advanced lung cancer：晚期肺癌
Gina Hollenbeck說她每件事都做對(duì)了，這個(gè)田納西州的護(hù)士咏闪，兩個(gè)孩子的母親一輩子都沒抽過煙曙搬，她吃有機(jī)食物，她跑半馬鸽嫂，打網(wǎng)球纵装。但2015年，她出現(xiàn)了持續(xù)性咳嗽和體重迅速下降据某。她沒有初級(jí)保健醫(yī)師橡娄，因此她咨詢了幾個(gè)專家。幾個(gè)月來(lái)癣籽，沒有人可以弄清楚她的疾病挽唉。最終，她花光了口袋里的所有錢做了X線筷狼，并帶到急診室瓶籽，找到一個(gè)肺病醫(yī)生，最終被診斷為晚期肺癌埂材。
2
“I was like, ‘This is a cruel joke,’” says Hollenbeck, who is now 42 and still not?in remission. “Everybody kept saying, ‘There’s no way that?you?could possibly?have lung cancer.’” Hollenbeckrepresents a worrying caveat to?what is otherwise?a great success for the U.S. medical system. Overall lung-cancer rates have?fallen significantly?in recent decades—but women, who have traditionally smoked less than men and thus developed and died from lung cancer less often, nowaccount for a disproportionately high number of?diagnoses.
I was like, ‘This is a cruel joke,’：我說塑顺，這是個(gè)殘忍的玩笑。例如俏险，"She had just split up from Brad Pitt, " he says, "she was like poor Jennifer and I was like 'I'm going to make you so hot'. "“她當(dāng)時(shí)剛剛與布拉德-皮特（BradPitt）分手严拒，”他表示，“她就像個(gè)可憐的孩子竖独，而我對(duì)她說糙俗，‘我將讓你性感至極≡蓿” 【詞組積累】
in remission：緩解。例如A year of chemotherapy put the disease in remission一年的化療緩解了病情「穸【詞組積累】
There’s no way that sb could possibly do：某人不可能做某事
Sth represents a worrying caveat to what is otherwise a……：盡管……劈彪，某事對(duì)其來(lái)說是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的警告【句式】
fall significantly：大幅下降【搭配】
account for：占據(jù)
a disproportionately high number of：一個(gè)不成比例的高的數(shù)字，可以理解為非常高【搭配】
42歲的Hollenbeck說顶猜，“我說沧奴，‘這是個(gè)殘忍的玩笑〕ふ’”滔吠，她的癌癥仍然沒有得到緩解∧尤眨“每個(gè)人都在說疮绷，‘你不可能得肺癌的∠保’”盡管冬骚，美國(guó)的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)巨大的成功，但Hollenbeck的病例是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的警告懂算≈欢常總的肺癌率近十年來(lái)下降明顯——但女性，一向是比男性吸煙少计技，且罹患和死于肺癌的也少的喜德，如今，也占據(jù)了較高的診斷率垮媒。
3
Scientists are beginning to?zero in on?some clues. Research shows that the type of lung cancer?most common among?nonsmokers disproportionately affects women, and young women are more likely to have?a gene mutation?often found in the tumors of nonsmokers. Other?hypotheses?focus on how cigarettes affect women who do smoke. Jemal says something about female biology could make women more?susceptible?than men?to?genetic mutations caused by?carcinogens?in cigarettes. If so, a higher percentage of women who?pick up the habit?could develop cancer,?relative to?men. But that remains a theory?requiring deeper investigation.
zero in on：對(duì)…集中注意力舍悯；專注于；瞄準(zhǔn)涣澡；對(duì)準(zhǔn)贱呐，即focus on【同義替換】
most common among a group of things：在一類事中最常見的其中一個(gè)
a gene mutation：基因突變
hypotheses：hypothesis的復(fù)數(shù)形式：假說，假設(shè)入桂。
susceptible?to sth：易受……影響【詞組積累】
carcinogen：致癌物奄薇，carcino-代表“癌”
pick up the habit：養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣，pick up 有學(xué)會(huì)抗愁，獲得的意思馁蒂，這里引申為pick up a habit，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣【詞組積累】
relative to：相對(duì)于……【詞組積累】
requiring deeper investigation：需要進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查蜘腌，deeper沫屡，更深一步的，進(jìn)一步地
科學(xué)家們開始關(guān)注一些線索撮珠。研究表明在非吸煙患者中最常見類型的肺癌沮脖，不成比例地影響女性，在非吸煙者的腫瘤中，年輕的女性更可能有基因突變勺届。其他假說則關(guān)注香煙是如何影響那些確實(shí)吸煙的女性驶俊。Jemal說女性的生理使得她們比男人更易受香煙中致癌物引起的基因突變。如果真是如此免姿，相對(duì)于男性饼酿，更多有吸煙習(xí)慣的女性會(huì)罹患癌癥。但那仍然是一個(gè)需要進(jìn)一步調(diào)查的學(xué)說胚膊。
4
Without?firm answers?about the risks women face, doctors, patients and advocates are?spreading the word?about lung cancer among women and nonsmokers. About 1,400 people have joined a Facebook support group Hollenbeck helped start, and she’s working to?push through a federal bill?that wouldfurther research into?women and lung cancer. “Our society believes that lung cancer?is a smoking disease,” she says. But for young women like Hollenbeck, that’s increasingly untrue. She hopes her story teaches women that lung cancer doesn’t discriminate and that they shouldn’t?hesitate to?get help. “If you feel like something might be wrong,” she says, “always?go with that intuition.”
firm answers：確切的答案【搭配】
spread the word about：散布消息故俐，word表示信息；消息a piece of information or news【搭配】
push through a federal bill：推動(dòng)紊婉、促成一項(xiàng)聯(lián)邦法案药版，put through有促成，推動(dòng)肩榕，推行某個(gè)法案的意思【詞組積累】
further research into women and lung cancer：進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行女性和肺癌的研究刚陡，further research指的是做進(jìn)一步的研究，into sth表示研究的內(nèi)容主要是什么株汉】鹑椋【詞組積累】
is a smoking disease：是一個(gè)吸煙引起的疾病
hesitate to：猶豫做某事【詞組積累】
go with that intuition：跟著那個(gè)直覺走，intuition直覺乔妈。
女性面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)沒有確切的答案蝙云，醫(yī)生、病人和擁護(hù)者在女性和非吸煙者中散布關(guān)于肺癌的消息路召。大約1400人參加了一個(gè)Hollenbeck幫助開始的臉書支持小組勃刨，她正致力于推動(dòng)一項(xiàng)聯(lián)邦法案，進(jìn)一步研究女性和肺癌股淡。她說“我們的社會(huì)相信肺癌是吸煙引起的身隐。”但是唯灵，對(duì)于Hollenbeck這樣的年輕女性贾铝，那越來(lái)越不正確了。她希望她的故事告訴告誡女性埠帕，肺癌并不歧視性別垢揩，而我們也不應(yīng)該在需要幫助時(shí)遲疑，“如果你覺得有些不對(duì)了敛瓷，跟著那個(gè)感覺走叁巨。”
微信公眾號(hào)：英語(yǔ)沙塔
總結(jié)
pay out of pocket for sth：把口袋里的錢全部花完【詞組積累】
be referred to：叫某人去……看病【詞組積累】
diagnose sb with a disease：診斷某人為某病【詞組積累】
I was like, ‘This is a cruel joke,’：我說呐籽，這是個(gè)殘忍的玩笑锋勺。例如蚀瘸，"She had just split up from Brad Pitt, " he says, "she was like poor Jennifer and I was like 'I'm going to make you so hot'. "“她當(dāng)時(shí)剛剛與布拉德-皮特（BradPitt）分手，”他表示宙刘，“她就像個(gè)可憐的孩子苍姜，而我對(duì)她說，‘我將讓你性感至極悬包。” 【詞組積累】
in remission：緩解馍乙。例如A year of chemotherapy put the disease in remission一年的化療緩解了病情布近。【詞組積累】
susceptible?to sth：易受……影響【詞組積累】
pick up the habit：養(yǎng)成這種習(xí)慣丝格，pick up 有學(xué)會(huì)撑瞧，獲得的意思，這里引申為pick up a habit显蝌，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣【詞組積累】
relative to：相對(duì)于……【詞組積累】
push through a federal bill：推動(dòng)预伺、促成一項(xiàng)聯(lián)邦法案，put through有促成曼尊，推動(dòng)酬诀，推行某個(gè)法案的意思【詞組積累】
further research into women and lung cancer：進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行女性和肺癌的研究，further research指的是做進(jìn)一步的研究骆撇，into sth表示研究的內(nèi)容主要是什么瞒御。【詞組積累】
hesitate to：猶豫做某事【詞組積累】
avoid cigarettes all her life：避免接觸煙類物質(zhì)神郊，一輩子不吸煙【地道表達(dá)】
Sth represents a worrying caveat to what is otherwise a……：盡管……肴裙，某事對(duì)
其來(lái)說是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的警告【句式】
fall significantly：大幅下降【搭配】
a disproportionately high number of：一個(gè)不成比例的高的數(shù)字，可以理解為非常高【搭配】
firm answers：確切的答案【搭配】
spread the word about：散布消息涌乳，word表示信息蜻懦；消息a piece of information or news【搭配】
develop a persistent cough：develop sth 患病，患病還可以表達(dá)為suffer from sth夕晓，但是兩者的區(qū)別在于develop有一種發(fā)展的意思宛乃，是主動(dòng)的；suffer from a disease雖然也是患病运授，但是詞意更傾向于疾病為主動(dòng)烤惊，而主語(yǔ)被迫罹患該疾病。
persistent cough指的是持續(xù)性咳嗽吁朦，咳嗽不止【同義替換】
zero in on：對(duì)…集中注意力柒室；專注于；瞄準(zhǔn)逗宜；對(duì)準(zhǔn)雄右，即focus on【同義替換】
