目錄

• Web Server

  • 原型

  • 作用

  • 方案

• Web Application

  • FastCGI

  • PHP-FPM

  • Tomcat

Web Server

原型

vim HTTPServer.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Socket;
use Crap;
use FileHandle;

# (1) use port 8080 by default, unless overridden on command line
$port = (@ARGV ? $ARGV[0] : 8080);

# (2) create local TCP socket and set it to listen for connections
$proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
socket(S, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto) || die;
setsockopt(S, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, pack("l", 1)) || die;
bind(S, sockaddr_in($port, INADDR_ANY)) || die;
listen(S, SOMAXCONN) || die;

# (3) print a startup message
printf("<<<Type-O-Serve Accepting on Port %d>>>\n\n", $port);

while(1)
{
    # (4) wait for connection C
    $cport_caddr = accept(C, S);
    ($cport, $caddr) = sockaddr_in($cport_caddr);
    C->autoflush(1);

    # (5) print who the connection is from
    $cname = gethostbyaddr($caddr, AF_INET);
    printf("Request From '%s'>>>\n", $cname);

    # (6) read request msg until blank line, and print on screen
    while ($line = <C>)
    {
        print $line;
        if ($line =~ /^\r/) {
            last;
        }
    }

    # (7) prompt for response message, and input response lines,
    #     sending response lines to clinet, until solitary "."
    printf("<<<Type Response Followed by '.'>>>\n");

    while ($line = <STDIN>)
    {
        $line =~ s/\r//;
        $line =~ s/\n//;
        if ($line =~ /^\./) {
            last;
        }
        print C $line . "\r\n";
    }
    close(C);
}

cpan crap

perl HTTPServer.pl 8000

<<<Type-O-Serve Accepting on Port 8000>>>

Request From 'localhost'>>>
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8000
User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
Accept: */*

<<<Type Response Followed by '.'>>>
hello world
.

curl localhost:8000
# hello world

作用

1. 接受客戶端連接

2. 接收請求報(bào)文

3. 對資源的映射和訪問

4. 構(gòu)建響應(yīng)

5. 發(fā)送響應(yīng)

6. 記錄日志

方案

• Nginx

• Apache httpd

Web Application

FastCGI

CGI（Common Gateway Interface）即通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口 它是Web Server與Web Application之間數(shù)據(jù)交換的一種協(xié)議

• HTTP Request的Header設(shè)置成進(jìn)程的環(huán)境變量, HTTP Request的正文設(shè)置成進(jìn)程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入

• 進(jìn)程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出就是HTTP Response, 包括Header和正文

FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）即快速通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口 它是CGI的增強(qiáng)版本 通過進(jìn)程管理等優(yōu)化方法提升了服務(wù)性能

PHP-FPM

PHP-FPM = PHP FastCGI Process Manager

web-server-01.png

Tomcat

Tomcat是一個(gè)免費(fèi)的開放源代碼的Servlet容器 它是基于Apache httpd的擴(kuò)展

web-server-02.png

spring init -a demo -b 2.0.6.RELEASE --build gradle -dweb HTTPSDemo

cd HTTPSDemo

vim src/main/java/com/example/demo/DemoApplication.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "hello world";
    }
}

• 測試

./gradlew bootrun

curl localhost:8080/hello
# hello world

./gradlew dependencies | grep tomcat

<-------------> 0% EXECUTING [2s]
> :dependencies > Resolve dependencies of :testCompileClasspath
     +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:2.0.6.RELEASE
     |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
     |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.5.34
     |    \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.5.34
     |         \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
     +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:2.0.6.RELEASE
     |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
     |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.5.34
     |    \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.5.34
     |         \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
     +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:2.0.6.RELEASE
     |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
     |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.5.34
     |    \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.5.34
     |         \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
|    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:2.0.6.RELEASE
|    |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
|    |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.5.34
|    |    \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.5.34
|    |         \--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
|    +--- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:2.0.6.RELEASE
|    |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.34
|    |    +--- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.5.34
<-------------> 0% WAITING
> IDLE

keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -dname "CN=Andy,OU=kfit,O=kfit,L=HaiDian,ST=BeiJing,C=CN" -storetype PKCS12 -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -keystore keystore.p12 -validity 365

mv keystore.p12 src/main/resources

vim src/main/resources/application.properties

server.port=443
server.ssl.key-store-type=PKCS12
server.ssl.key-store=classpath:keystore.p12
server.ssl.key-store-password=123456
server.ssl.key-alias=tomcat

• 測試

./gradlew bootrun

curl -k https://localhost/hello
# hello world

參考

• 《HTTP權(quán)威指南》讀書筆記（二）

• CGI、FastCGI和PHP-FPM關(guān)系圖解

• HTTPS using Self-Signed Certificate in Spring Boot