@property裝飾器的魔力
Python內(nèi)置的@property裝飾器就是負(fù)責(zé)把一個(gè)方法變成屬性調(diào)用的:
class Student(object):
@property
def score(self):
return self._score
@score.setter
def score(self, value):
if not isinstance(value, int):
raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
if value < 0 or value > 100:
raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
self._score = value
把一個(gè)getter方法變成屬性攀操,只需要加上@property就可以了,此時(shí)秸抚,@property本身又創(chuàng)建了另一個(gè)裝飾器@score.setter速和,負(fù)責(zé)把一個(gè)setter方法變成屬性賦值,于是剥汤,我們就擁有一個(gè)可控的屬性操作:
>>> s = Student()
>>> s.score = 60 # OK颠放,實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)化為s.set_score(60)
>>> s.score # OK,實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)化為s.get_score()
60
>>> s.score = 9999
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!
只定義getter方法吭敢,不定義setter方法就是一個(gè)只讀屬性:
class Student(object):
@property
def birth(self):
return self._birth
@birth.setter
def birth(self, value):
self._birth = value
@property
def age(self):
return 2014 - self._birth
上面的birth是可讀寫屬性慈迈,而age就是一個(gè)只讀屬性