簡(jiǎn)介
Fastlane是一套使用Ruby寫(xiě)的自動(dòng)化工具集庵朝,用于iOS和Android的自動(dòng)化打包吗冤、發(fā)布等工作又厉,可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間。
Github:https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane
官網(wǎng):https://fastlane.tools/
文檔:https://docs.fastlane.tools/
在寫(xiě)這篇文章的時(shí)候椎瘟,他在Github上已經(jīng)有15000+ star覆致。
安裝
1、首先要安裝正確的 Ruby 版本肺蔚。在終端窗口中用下列命令來(lái)確認(rèn):
ruby -v
2煌妈、然后檢查 Xcode 命令行工具是否安裝。在終端窗口中輸入命令:
xcode-select --install
如果未安裝宣羊,終端會(huì)開(kāi)始安裝璧诵,如果報(bào)錯(cuò)誤:
command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates.
代表已經(jīng)安裝。
3仇冯、以上依賴(lài)配置好之后就可以通過(guò) rubygem 進(jìn)行安裝了:
$ sudo gem install fastlane
安心等待一會(huì)之宿,fastlane就安裝完成了。
初始化
打開(kāi)終端苛坚,cd到你的工程目錄比被,然后執(zhí)行fastlane init
:
$ cd to/your/ios/project
$ fastlane init
[14:21:43]: Detected iOS/Mac project in current directory...
[14:21:43]: This setup will help you get up and running in no time.
[14:21:43]: fastlane will check what tools you're already using and set up
[14:21:43]: the tool automatically for you. Have fun!
[14:21:43]: Created new folder './fastlane'.
[14:21:43]: $ xcodebuild -showBuildSettings -project ./xxx.xcodeproj
[14:21:48]: Your Apple ID (e.g. fastlane@krausefx.com): xxx@xxx.xom
[14:21:54]: Verifying that app is available on the Apple Developer Portal and iTunes Connect...
[14:21:54]: Starting login with user 'xxx@xxx.com'
+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| Detected Values |
+----------------+--------------------------------------+
| Apple ID | xxx@xxx.com |
| App Name | xxx |
| App Identifier | com.xxx.xxx |
| Project | /Users/lisong/Desktop/xxx/x |
| | xx.xcodeproj |
+----------------+--------------------------------------+
[14:22:06]: Please confirm the above values (y/n)
y
[14:22:09]: Created new file './fastlane/Appfile'. Edit it to manage your preferred app metadata information.
[14:22:09]: Loading up 'deliver', this might take a few seconds
[14:22:09]: Login to iTunes Connect (xxx@xxx.com)
[14:22:13]: Login successful
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| deliver 2.30.1 Summary |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
| screenshots_path | ./fastlane/screenshots |
| metadata_path | ./fastlane/metadata |
| username | xxx@xxx.com |
| app_identifier | com.xxx.xxx |
| edit_live | false |
| platform | ios |
| skip_binary_upload | false |
| skip_screenshots | false |
| skip_metadata | false |
| force | false |
| submit_for_review | false |
| automatic_release | false |
| dev_portal_team_id | WKR87TTKML |
| overwrite_screenshots | false |
+-----------------------+------------------------+
[14:22:21]: Writing to 'fastlane/metadata/zh-Hans/description.txt'
...
[14:22:21]: Writing to 'fastlane/metadata/review_information/notes.txt'
[14:22:21]: Successfully created new configuration files.
[14:22:22]: Successfully downloaded large app icon
[14:22:22]: Downloading all existing screenshots...
[14:22:27]: Downloading existing screenshot '1_iphone4_1.1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
···
[14:22:34]: Downloading existing screenshot '5_iphone6_5.5.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[14:22:34]: Successfully downloaded all existing screenshots
[14:22:34]: Successfully created new Deliverfile at path 'fastlane/Deliverfile'
[14:22:34]: $ xcodebuild -list -project ./xxx.xcodeproj
[14:22:35]: 'snapshot' not enabled.
[14:22:35]: 'cocoapods' enabled.
[14:22:35]: 'carthage' not enabled.
[14:22:35]: Created new file './fastlane/Fastfile'. Edit it to manage your own deployment lanes.
[14:22:35]: fastlane will collect the number of errors for each action to detect integration issues
[14:22:35]: No sensitive/private information will be uploaded
[14:22:35]: Learn more at https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane#metrics
[14:22:35]: Successfully finished setting up fastlane
在 "Your Apple ID" 這一步輸入蘋(píng)果開(kāi)發(fā)者賬號(hào)。在“Please confirm the above values”這一步泼舱,確認(rèn)信息等缀,沒(méi)問(wèn)題輸入 y。然后娇昙,fastlane 會(huì)進(jìn)行一系列的初始化操作尺迂,包括下載 App Store 上的元數(shù)據(jù)和截屏文件。
等待初始化完成之后冒掌,工程目錄下就多了一個(gè) fastlane目錄噪裕,其內(nèi)容如下:
咱們來(lái)看兩個(gè)主要的,Appfile和Fastfile宋渔。
Appfile
Appfile
用來(lái)存放app_identifier
州疾,apple_id
和team_id
。 了解詳情皇拣,它的格式是這樣的:
app_identifier "com.xxx.xxx" # app的bundle identifier
apple_id "xxx@xxx.com" # 你的Apple ID
team_id "XXXXXXXXXX" # Team ID
···
你也可以為每個(gè)lane(后面會(huì)講到)提供不同的 app_identifier
, apple_id
和 team_id
严蓖,例如:
app_identifier "com.aaa.aaa"
apple_id "aaa@aaa.com"
team_id "AAAAAAAAAA"
for_lane :inhouse do
app_identifier "com.bbb.bbb"
apple_id "bbb@bbb.com"
team_id "AAAAAAAAAA"
end
這里就是為Fastfile中定義的:inhouse設(shè)置單獨(dú)的信息。
Fastfile
Fastfile管理你所創(chuàng)建的 lane氧急, 了解詳情颗胡。它的格式是這樣的:
···
# 自動(dòng)更新fastlane 工具
# update_fastlane
#需要的fastlane的最小版本,在每次執(zhí)行之后會(huì)檢查是否有新版本吩坝,如果有會(huì)在最后末尾追加新版本提醒
fastlane_version "2.30.1"
#默認(rèn)使用平臺(tái)是 ios毒姨,也就是說(shuō)文件可以定義多個(gè)平臺(tái)
default_platform :ios
platform :ios do
before_all do
# ENV["SLACK_URL"] = "https://hooks.slack.com/services/..."
cocoapods
end
desc "Runs all the tests"
lane :test do
scan
end
desc "提交一個(gè)新的Beta版本到 Apple TestFlight"
desc "This will also make sure the profile is up to date"
lane :beta do
# match(type: "appstore") # more information: https://codesigning.guide
gym(scheme: "Docment") # Build your app - more options available
pilot
# sh "your_script.sh"
end
desc "部署一個(gè)新版本到App Store"
lane :release do
# match(type: "appstore")
# snapshot
gym(scheme: "Docment") # Build your app - more options available
deliver(force: true)
# frameit
end
# 你可以定義自己的lane
#執(zhí)行l(wèi)ane成功后的回調(diào)
after_all do |lane|
# slack(
# message: "Successfully deployed new App Update."
# )
end
# 如果流程發(fā)生異常會(huì)走這里并終止
error do |lane, exception|
# slack(
# message: exception.message,
# success: false
# )
end
end
我們也可以定義一個(gè)自己的lane:
desc "企業(yè)版"
lane :inHouse do
gym(scheme: "XXX",
export_method:"enterprise",
output_directory:"./build", # 打包后的 ipa 文件存放的目錄
output_name:"XXX.ipa" # ipa 文件名
)
end
其中一個(gè)lane就是一個(gè)任務(wù),里面是一個(gè)個(gè)的action組成的工作流钉寝。
利用目前支持的工具可以做所有包含自動(dòng)化和可持續(xù)化構(gòu)建的每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)弧呐,例如:
- scan 自動(dòng)化測(cè)試工具闸迷,很好的封裝了 UnitTest
- sigh 針對(duì)于 iOS 項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)證書(shū)和 Provision file 的下載工具
- match 同步團(tuán)隊(duì)每個(gè)人的證書(shū)和 Provision file 的超贊工具
- gym 針對(duì)于 iOS 編譯打包生成 ipa 文件
- deliver 用于上傳應(yīng)用的二進(jìn)制代碼,應(yīng)用截屏和元數(shù)據(jù)到 App Store
- snapshot 可以自動(dòng)化iOS應(yīng)用在每個(gè)設(shè)備上的本地化截屏過(guò)程
執(zhí)行
定義完lane之后怎么執(zhí)行呢俘枫?打開(kāi)終端腥沽,切換到項(xiàng)目的根目錄:執(zhí)行fastlane lane'name
就可以了。成功之后會(huì)在相應(yīng)的路徑下生成ipa文件今阳,如果報(bào)錯(cuò)的話(huà)就根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤信息好好查看文檔。
其他
1盾舌、這里是官方提供的一些例子蘸鲸。
2妖谴、想了解fastlane
命令的話(huà)可以執(zhí)行$ fastlane --help
3、查看可用任務(wù)的列表酌摇,可以執(zhí)行命令$ fastlane lanes
4、fastlane
也提供了很多插件方便我們使用妙痹,例如pgyer(發(fā)布app到蒲公英)鼻疮。我們也可以打完包直接傳到蒲公英上怯伊,具體的可以看蒲公英提供的文檔。
如果你感覺(jué)有些插件不符合自己的情況判沟,你甚至可以自定義插件
5耿芹、多個(gè) lane 的話(huà)實(shí)際上是可以相互調(diào)用的挪哄,這個(gè)其實(shí)特別實(shí)用。例如:
default_platform :ios
platform :ios do
lane :prepare do
cocoapods
match
end
desc 'fastlane build' 'fastlane build type:adhoc'
lane :build do |options|
# 調(diào)用上面的 prepare 任務(wù)
prepare
case options[:type]
when 'adhoc'
adhoc
else
appstore
end
end
lane : adhoc do
···
end
lane : appstore do
···
end
end
6砸彬、我們可以在 Fastfile 文件中添加一個(gè)函數(shù)來(lái)設(shè)置version號(hào)和build號(hào)斯入。
default_platform :ios
def prepare_version(options)
increment_version_number(
version_number: options[:version]
)
increment_build_number(
build_number: options[:build]
)
end
然后可以在一個(gè)lane中使用這個(gè)函數(shù):
lane :appstore do |options|
···
prepare_version(options)
···
end
然后執(zhí)行這個(gè)lane的時(shí)候:
$ fastlane appstore version:2.4.0 build:2.0
好啦,先說(shuō)到這里吧刻两,F(xiàn)astlane能做的事情還有很多,大家可以去好好看看文檔滋迈,研究一些高級(jí)的用法吧!